酸性面团对普通面包和豆渣面包品质的影响

利用活性酸奶乳酸菌发酵制作酸性面团，在普通面包与豆渣面包中分别加入30％～40％(以面粉计)的这种酸性面团后，面包体积、口感、风味、保鲜期和营养品质得到了明显改善。     

高膳食纤维豆渣面包的研制

以豆渣和面粉为原料,通过单因素试验及正交试验L9(34)设计,综合其营养价值及感官品质,得出高纤维高蛋白豆渣面包的主要配方为豆渣粉30 g、面粉100 g、酵母粉4 g、面包改良剂0.9 g。     

酶制剂在豆渣面包中的应用研究

通过烘焙实验,研究了添加豆渣粉、戊聚糖酶、脂肪酶、葡萄糖氧化酶对面包品质的影响。结果表明:酶制剂的加入,极大地改善了豆渣面包的品质,并使豆渣粉替代面粉的量由4%提高到8%以上;复合酶的效果好于单一酶,酶的复配比例与豆渣添加量有关。     

发酵麸皮混合物对面包品质的影响

为改善麸皮面包的品质,增加麸皮的利用率,本实验应用甜酒曲联合酵母发酵麸皮、黄豆和花生的混合物,得到发酵麸皮混合物。以面粉+发酵麸皮混合物总量为100 g(面粉90 g、发酵麸皮混合物10 g)计,制备发酵麸皮混合物面包(简称发酵麸皮面包),以普通面包、麸皮面包及添加黄豆、花生混合物的非麸皮添加物面包为对照,对这几种面包的品质、风味物质及抗氧化活性进行分析。结果表明:黄豆、花生的添加能够起到提升面包风味的作用;发酵麸皮混合物的添加可以改善麸皮面包的品质,其感官评分、弹性、硬度和色差L、b值极显著优于麸皮面包(P0.01),而与普通面包比较没有显著差异(P0.05);与3种对照面包样品比较,发酵麸皮面包的醇类、酯类和醛类等风味成分种类较多,且分布均匀,而且还检测出其特有的风味物质,分别为吡嗪类、呋喃类、乙基酯类;发酵麸皮面包的多酚、黄酮含量以及抗氧化活性指标也均最高。综上,发酵麸皮混合物能够改善麸皮面包的品质,并提高面包的抗氧化活性。     

香蕉皮膳食纤维在面包中的应用研究

将香蕉皮膳食纤维加入面粉中,研究并探讨了香蕉皮膳食纤维添加量和可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)占总膳食纤维(DF)的量对面粉糊化性质、面团特性和面包烘培品质的影响,结果表明:香蕉皮膳食纤维对面粉的糊化性质有一定的影响,使面团的吸水率增加,影响了面包内部的色泽,减小了面包的比容,增大了面包的硬度;以感官评定为指标,通过正交试验得出最优化工艺参数:香蕉皮膳食纤维添加量为3%(SDF占总DF的量为15%),面包改良剂和酵母添加量分别为2%、4%,此时面包的品质最为理想。     

山药面包的研制

通过在普通面包原料中加入山药的方法,研制出具有保健功能的山药面包。在不影响面包品质的情况下,山药加入量以占面粉重量的20%为宜,山药加入采用生山药直接打浆加入的方式。     

麦芽糖醇白茶面包的研制

以高筋面包粉、超微白茶粉、麦芽糖醇粉、烤焙油为主要原料,加入奶粉、干酵母、面包改良剂、鸡蛋、食用盐、面包乳化剂等配料,优化麦芽糖醇白茶面包的工艺配方。采用单因素试验及正交试验,以感官分析与质构分析为判断标准,优化麦芽糖醇白茶面包的工艺配方。结果表明,当白茶粉为2.5%、麦芽糖醇粉为15%、烤焙油为10%时,制得的麦芽糖醇白茶面包其营养及风味品质最优。     

一款啤酒花面包的配方优化研究

在普通软欧面包配方和工艺的基础上，添加啤酒花等原料，开发一款具有特殊风味（酒花风味）的面包。通过单因素试验、正交试验、感官评测，优化并确立酒花面包的配方与工艺。研究结果表明，烫种法和低温液种发酵法获取的酒花面包风味、口感等各项指标良好，其配方主要是由低温液种、烫种、主面团三部分组成，低温液种：高筋粉360 g、半干酵母3.6 g、水360 g；烫种：高筋粉40 g、水80 g；主面团：高筋面粉400 g、白糖96 g、盐8.8 g、半干酵母4 g、面包改良剂4 g、奶粉48 g、黄油80 g、鸡蛋80 g、水40 g及啤酒花4 g。     

大豆糖蜜对面包食品品质影响

该研究将大豆糖蜜以面粉为基数分别添加0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%作为部分甜味剂,以面包专用面粉为主料,添加酵母、改良剂等,采用直接发酵法生产面包。以感官评价为指标,并对产品经物性仪以及水分、比容、pH等方面的测定后,结果表明,大豆糖蜜不同添加量对面包的食品品质有影响,其中添加5%时制作的面包内部组织松软细腻,组织结构好,发酵香味浓郁,且有蜜香味,其食品品质优于普通面包。     

大鼓面包的研究

以不同面粉为主要原料制作大鼓面包。以感官评分和比体积为指标,选定制作大鼓面包的最佳面粉,再以感官评分为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验优化大鼓面包的配方工艺。结果表明：制作大鼓面包的最佳面粉为柔风绵柔吐司小麦粉;制作大鼓面包的最佳配方为以柔风绵柔吐司小麦粉质量为基准,酵母添加量1.5%、食盐添加量1.2%、鲜牛奶添加量44%、黄油添加量20%、蛋液添加量20%、白砂糖添加量12%、面包改良剂添加量0.4%,在此条件下制作的大鼓面包外形无塌陷,口感最佳。     

Characterisation of traditional Albanian breads derived from different cereals

The long isolation of Albania and the scarcity of raw materials has traditionally led to the production of bread from crops other than wheat, like maize, which is the basic ingredient for maize bread (bukë misri), rye, which is used to prepare rye bread (bukë thekre), and chick-pea, used in chick-pea bread (bukë me qiqre). Today, these traditional breads are accompanied by other types, such as brown bread from soft wheat (bukë zize). In the present work, the traditional Albanian breads were characterised in order to assess their quality. The results obtained indicated that the protein content reflected the characteristics of the raw material used, being higher in the chick-pea bread and in bread made from high extraction rate wheat flour, while both fat and yellow pigment levels were higher in maize bread. A high humidity value was found in many of the breads examined, especially in maize bread, with consequent risks of moulds and a shortened shelf-life.     

不同酶制剂对面包品质影响

研究葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)、转谷氨酰胺酶(TG)、脂肪酶和真菌淀粉酶对面包比容、出品率、硬度及水分迁移影响。结果表明,葡萄糖氧化酶能增大面包体积、降低出品率、提高面包芯硬度和有效延缓贮藏期水分散失;转谷氨酰胺酶能增大面包体积、降低出品率、降低面包芯硬度,对水分保持作用不明显;脂肪酶会减小面包体积、增加出品率、明显降低面包芯硬度和保持面包芯水分;真菌淀粉酶能有效增加面包体积、降低出品率、降低面包芯硬度,对水分保持无明显作用。     

卡拉胶对面包品质影响

研究卡拉胶对面包质构参数如硬度、弹性、咀嚼性及水分含量、水分活度影响。结果表明,增加卡拉胶添加量,面包比容减小、出品率增加;随贮藏时间延长,面包硬度增加、弹性下降、咀嚼性值不断增大,添加卡拉胶可有效降低面包硬度、咀嚼性值,且添加量越大,硬度、咀嚼性值降低越大;卡拉胶添加量增大有利于降低弹性下降,但整体上对面包弹性影响不大;且卡拉胶添加量增加可减缓面包水分含量、水分活度减小趋势。可见,添加卡拉胶有利于延缓面包老化,可改善保质期内面包品质。     

新型酶制剂对面包品质的改良研究

面包是一种经过发酵的烘焙食品。烤制的新鲜面包松软可口、品味宜人,深受大多数消费者的喜爱。然而,随着贮存时间的延长,面包的上述特征发生变化,即老化发生。如何改善或解决面包老化问题是众多食品行业从业者及研究人员关注的焦点。通过选用不同酶制剂,以面包的比容和有效贮藏期内其硬度的变化比较,获得不同酶制剂对面包品质的影响,最后通过正交试验,确定对面包品质改良有显著作用的复配酶制剂用量、组合及配比。     

Development and evaluation of products from cassava flour as new alternatives to wheaten breads

Egg white with margarine, and xanthan gum, have been used to produce alternative breads from cassava flour fortified with 200 g kg^?1 soya flour. All the additives increased the amount of air entrapped in the cassava batters at the mixing stage, as indicated by their lower batter densities. The lower the batter density the higher was the maximum gas retention volume attained in the 60 min fermentation stage. However, final loaf volume also depends on the stability of the batter; egg white primarily acts as a stabiliser. Margarine, and more significantly egg white, reduced the extent of starch gelatinisation and solubilisation in the bread. Breads made with locally available egg white and margarine are sensorily acceptable to Nigerian consumers and have very good keeping qualities.     

保鲜馒头加工工艺及品质特性研究

以活性干酵母和馒头专用粉为原料制作保鲜馒头,研究加工工艺和品质特性。结果表明:馒头保鲜最佳杀菌工艺为微波150℃灭菌70s,保鲜馒头在冷藏和常温贮存过程中硬度增加0.9%;弹性、凝聚性、粘性和回复值都有不同程度减小,变幅较小;咀嚼性变化较大,分别降低28.6%和10.7%。总体来看,冷藏时变幅较常温保存时变幅大。     

香蕉面包的研制

本文介绍在传统的面包加工工艺上加入芳香味美、有较高营养价值的水果——香蕉,经二次发酵,生产出优质香蕉面包。     

Factors affecting the quality of Arabic bread—additional ingredients

The effect of ascorbic acid and potassium bromate, reducing agents (L -cysteine and sodium metabisulphite), emulsifiers (sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) and sucrose fatty acid esters) and a combination of these additives on the quality of Arabic bread has been studied. Statistical analysis indicated that the internal quality parameters of Arabic bread significantly deteriorated with the addition of ascorbic acid and potassium bromate. The addition of reducing agents has the advantage of reducing mixing time and improving dough sheeting quality. SSL (3 g kg^?1) improved the quality of Arabic bread especially after overnight storage. Sucrose ester F-110 had an adverse effect on most aspects of Arabic bread quality.     

Qualitative and quantitative composition of fructooligosaccharides in bread

Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of DP 3–5 in various bread were determined by means of HPLC method with the use of water–alcohol extracts. Crisp bread produced without yeast contains kestose, nystose and fructosyl-nystose in the total amount varying from 0.3 to 0.81 g FOS/100 g. Contents of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of DP 3–5 in another kinds of bread examined–wheat, rye and wholemeal bread produced with the use of yeast–did not exceed 0.03 g/100 g DM.