丢糟中木聚糖的提取工艺优化

对丢糟中木聚糖的提取工艺及其质量进行了研究。在白酒丢糟中通过清洗、烘干、粉粹、高温高压处理、碱处理、中和沉淀、纯化等过程,提取其中的木聚糖,并采用单因素及正交试验对条件进行优化,同时并改良检测方法,使检测结果更精确。结果表明,制备的木聚糖细腻光洁、稳定性好、纯度达到95%。提取木聚糖提取的最佳工艺条件为碱提温度90 ℃,碱提质量分数15%,碱提固液比1∶20（g∶mL）,碱提时间300 min,醇沉pH值为5,醇沉体积3倍,醇沉时间60 min。在此条件下木聚糖得率为29.9%。该提取工艺合理,对于丢糟高效高值利用,提供了一种可行的方法。     

木聚糖提取优化及对木聚糖酶活性的影响

以小米糠为试验原料,研究小米糠中木聚糖的提取工艺及对肠道木聚糖酶活力的影响。在单因素的基础上,采用正交试验优化小米糠木聚糖提取工艺,研究料液比、碱提温度、碱液浓度、碱提时间4个因素对提取木聚糖提取率的影响。并采用着色木聚糖标记法测定木聚糖酶活力,研究小米糠木聚糖对大鼠肠道粪便及消化道木聚糖酶活力的影响。结果表明,小米糠木聚糖的最佳提取工艺:料液比为1∶25(g/mL),碱处理温度为100℃,碱液浓度为10%,碱处理时间为2 h,在此条件下木聚糖提取率为21.71%。     

超声波辅助碱法制备玉米芯木聚糖

以玉米芯为原料,经高温预处理后,采用超声波辅助碱法提取玉米芯木聚糖,在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验对玉米芯木聚糖提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:木聚糖的最佳制备工艺为氢氧化钠浓度7%,料液比1∶25,超声功率250 W,超声时间40 min,超声温度60℃。在此条件下,提取液中以玉米芯计还原糖的含量为64.10 mg/g,可溶性总糖含量为100.14 mg/g,木聚糖得率为9.01%。     

响应面优化超声辅助碱法提取花生壳木聚糖的工艺研究

以花生壳为原料,通过超声辅助碱法提取木聚糖,单因素实验选取因素和水平,根据Box-Benhnken实脸设计原理,用Design-Expert软件进行响应面分析,得出最佳提取工艺条件为:碱浓度7%、处理时间80min、固液比1:16、温度78.1℃、超声功率120W,经验证实际测定木聚糖提取率为56.43%,与预测值57.13%基本相符。     

玉米芯中木聚糖的碱法提取研究

木聚糖是存在于植物细胞壁中的重要聚合糖,玉米芯是木聚糖含量较高的农业纤维废弃物。采用不同的碱性物质对玉米芯中木聚糖进行提取,结果发现Na OH更适合木聚糖的提取。Na OH碱液提取木糖醇的最适提取条件为:Na OH浓度2.5 mol/L,料液比1 g∶10 m L,115℃提取60 min。在此条件下,木聚糖的提取率达到23.5%,该方法具有较高的应用价值。     

玉米芯水不溶性木聚糖的碱法提取及酶解分析

为研究碱法提取玉米芯中水不溶性木聚糖的优化条件及产物组成,用单因素试验评价预处理温度、NaOH浓度、料液比、提取温度与时间对提取率的影响之后,通过正交试验L16(45)确定最佳提取条件是:40℃预煮,15%NaOH溶液,固液比1∶15,100℃提取4 h,过滤,调节滤液pH值至7.0,静置过夜后离心得沉淀,洗涤沉淀,烘干后即得水不溶性木聚糖。在上述条件下玉米芯水不溶性木聚糖提取率为20.86%。对碱法提取的玉米芯水不溶性木聚糖进行木聚糖酶水解及产物分析,结果几种木聚糖酶均能使水不溶性木聚糖产生木二糖、木三糖及木四糖含量较高的低聚糖。     

小麦麸皮水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖提取及其酶解产物分析

以小麦麸皮为原料,采用碱提法对小麦麸皮中的水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖进行提取。以水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖得率为响应值,采用单因素试验和响应面分析法对其提取工艺进行优化,并利用不同木聚糖酶对其进行酶解,采用薄层色谱（TLC）法对酶解产物进行分析。结果表明,水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶193（g∶mL）、提取温度61 ℃、提取时间5 h。在此最优提取工艺条件下,水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖的得率为51.61%,较优化前提高20.71%。用不同种类木聚糖酶对提取的水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖进行酶解,TLC分析结果表明,链霉菌10904来源的木聚糖酶A对水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖有较好的底物特异性,酶解产物丰富且以木二糖为主,为阿拉伯低聚木糖的制备提供理论依据。     

改善玉米秸秆酶水解糖化得率的碱性亚硫酸盐法预处理工艺的优化

对碱性亚硫酸钠法预处理玉米秸秆的工艺进行了优化,确定了最佳的预处理条件为用碱量12%,液固比为6∶1,最高温度140℃,保温时间20min。在该预处理条件下的葡聚糖的酶水解效率为85.38%,木聚糖的酶水解效率为70.36%,总糖得率为74.73%,相比相同总碱量氢氧化钠预处理秸秆酶水解总糖得率67.67%,提高10.43%。此外,在此最佳预处理条件下处理的玉米秸秆,使用PFI继续打浆1500转后,葡聚糖的酶水解效率为89.74%,木聚糖的酶水解效率为74.06%,总糖得率为78.58%,相比相同总碱量氢氧化钠预处理秸秆后再PFI处理1500转的总糖得率68.90%,提高14.05%。     

从笋壳中提取木聚糖研究

竹笋壳是竹笋加工当中的大宗废弃物,是一种极具开发潜力的资源.木聚糖是许多植物细胞壁中半纤维素的主要组分,是由β-1,4木糖苷键连接的以D-木糖残基为主链的复杂分子多聚糖.通过降解木聚糖可以得到功能性食品低聚木糖.本研究以竹笋壳为原料,采用了制备综纤维再碱抽提方法,分析了碱溶液质量分数、固液比、提取温度和提取时间对提取木聚糖得率的影响.碱提取竹笋壳中木聚糖的方法为:碱质量分数为5％,固液比为(g∶mL) 1∶10,提取时间为3h,提取温度为120℃.木聚糖提取率达到原料质量的24.77％.实验结果表明,笋壳中含半纤维素为35.08％,与目前生产低聚木糖的主要原料玉米芯中半纤维素的含量相当,是提取木聚糖的较好资源.本研究为笋壳制备低聚木糖奠定了坚实的基础,也为笋壳资源的综合利用提供了基础数据.     

微波辅助提取玉米芯中木聚糖条件优化

应用微波辅助法提取玉米芯木聚糖,通过正交试验设计,得出微波辅助法提取玉米芯木聚糖的最佳条件为:粒度80目的玉米芯,以体积分数为2.0%的硫酸溶液为提取溶剂,微波功率为539 W,微波时间为5 min,固液比为1∶10(g/mL)。在此条件下,通过试验得出,玉米芯木聚糖提取率达30.21%。与高温蒸煮提取方法相比,微波辅助法时间缩短了92%。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status