聚丙烯纤维光接枝改性及其在漆酶固定化中的应用

为提高聚丙烯纤维的生物相容性,实现漆酶在纤维上的固定化,以二苯甲酮(BP)为光引发剂,甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为接枝单体,采用紫外光辐射对聚丙烯纤维进行表面改性。通过对比改性前后聚丙烯纤维的红外光谱,证实MMA可通过紫外光引发接枝到聚丙烯纤维上。考察了接枝反应中光引发剂用量、反应单体体积分数和紫外辐照时间对接枝率的影响,得到聚丙烯纤维改性的较优工艺条件：BP浓度为0.3mol/L,MMA体积分数40%,紫外辐照时间为60 min。改性纤维固定化的漆酶具备一定的脱色作用和操作稳定性,在证明接枝反应发生的同时,也通过漆酶的固定化实现了对聚丙烯纤维生物相容性的改善。     

转谷氨酰胺酶的膜固定化研究

以臭氧活化后的聚丙烯微孔膜为载体,并以丙烯酸为单体、戊二醛为交联剂固定转谷氨酰胺酶。研究了臭氧活化时间、接枝反应时间、温度、单体浓度、莫尔盐浓度对接枝率的影响,并对固定化条件进行研究。确定了最佳固定化条件为：己二胺浓度15%,胺烷基化温度50℃、时间120min,戊二醛浓度3%,交联温度30℃、45min,酶浓度10mg/mL,固定化时间20h。此条件下载酶量为30.23mg/g膜,酶活力可达16.9U/g膜。     

双孢菇漆酶的固定化及其对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯降解的研究

为提高漆酶的利用效率,进一步开发其在环境治理中的应用,以海藻酸钠为载体,采用单因素实验对双孢菇漆酶凝胶包埋固定化的工艺进行探讨,并利用固定化漆酶对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)进行降解实验。结果表明,采用直接包埋方式,固定化最佳单因素条件为:给酶量160 U/g载体,海藻酸钠浓度为3%,CaCl_2浓度为0.15 mol/L,固定化时间为2 h,可以获得较佳的固定化效果。利用固定化漆酶降解DMP时,降解率随DMP初始浓度的增加而下降,在pH3、4.5对DMP具有较好的降解效果,在25 mg/L的DMP溶液(pH4.5)中添加小分子介质ABTS浓度达到0.3 mmol/L,投加2 U/g固定化小球反应24 h,降解率最高达到56.9%。研究结果为处理含DMP污染提供了一种有效的方法和理论基础。     

醋酸纤维素-聚四氟乙烯复合膜固定化脂肪酶的研究

以醋酸纤维素(CA)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为材料制备醋酸纤维素-聚四氟乙烯复合膜,采用吸附-交联相结合的固定化方法,用该复合膜固定化脂肪酶。研究温度、吸附时间、酶液质量浓度、交联时间和交联剂体积分数对脂肪酶固定化效率和催化效果的影响,并对固定化酶膜的酶学性质进行研究。得到最佳的固定化条件为：温度25℃、吸附时间2h、酶液质量浓度0.02g/mL、交联时间3h、交联剂(戊二醛)体积分数0.2%,固定化酶最大酶活力为17.2U/cm2。固定化酶膜的酶学性质为：最适温度35℃,比游离酶降低了5℃;最适pH8.5,与游离酶相比pH值向碱性偏移1.0;经10次(10h /次)重复使用后,固定化酶相对酶活力为55.5%。SEM结果显示CA-PTFE复合膜能较好的固定化脂肪酶。     

聚丙烯膜固定化转谷氨酰胺酶的条件优化

研究了转谷氨酰胺酶在聚丙烯微孔膜上固定化的影响因素。采用响应面分析方法对紫外接枝反应条件进行优化,确定了最佳的膜固定化方法。结果表明,照射距离为10.1 cm,单体浓度为18.85%,二次照射时间为21.4 min时,接枝率可达34.62%。转谷氨酰胺酶固定化的条件为:己二胺质量分数为20%,胺烷基化时间90 min,胺烷基化温度50℃;戊二醛浓度2%,戊二醛作用时间40 min;酶晶体溶液质量浓度15 mg/mL,4℃条件下固定化时间为24 h。     

聚丙烯膜固定化转谷氨酰胺酶的条件优化

研究了转谷氨酰胺酶在聚丙烯微孔膜上固定化的影响因素。采用响应面分析方法对紫外接枝反应条件进行优化,确定了最佳的膜固定化方法。结果表明,照射距离为10.1 cm,单体浓度为18.85%,二次照射时间为21.4 min时,接枝率可达34.62%。转谷氨酰胺酶固定化的条件为:己二胺质量分数为20%,胺烷基化时间90 min,胺烷基化温度50℃;戊二醛浓度2%,戊二醛作用时间40 min;酶晶体溶液质量浓度15 mg/mL,4℃条件下固定化时间为24 h。     

固定化Bacillus thuringiensis ZJOU-010壳聚糖酶的研究

采用吸附交联技术,以DEAE-22 纤维素为载体、戊二醛为交联剂,固定Bacillus thuringiensis ZJOU-010壳聚糖酶,考察固定化酶的制备条件,并研究固定化酶的性质。结果表明B.thuringiensis ZJOU-010 壳聚糖酶的最佳固定化条件为：戊二醛体积分数3.0%、加酶量20mg、固定化时间10h;在此条件下制备的固定化壳聚糖酶的最适pH 值和温度分别为4.83 和50℃;与游离酶相比,该固定化酶的热稳定性较好,在40℃和50℃条件下的半衰期(t1/2)分别为36.3h 和6.2h,动力学常数Km 值为9.19g/L;该固定化酶重复使用10 批后活力仍可保持初始活力的88.32%。     

交联壳聚糖载体固定化柚苷酶工艺

以戊二醛为交联剂,壳聚糖为载体,采用交联-吸附偶联法固定柚苷酶,通过单因素和正交试验优化确定最佳固定化工艺。结果表明,柚苷酶的最佳固定化条件为：以质量浓度为3.5g/100mL的壳聚糖制备的凝胶微球为载体,凝结剂NaOH质量浓度1.0g/100mL、戊二醛体积分数7.0%、交联时间2.0h、pH 4.0、酶液质量浓度2.0mg/mL、25℃时吸附交联3.0h,得到固定化酶最高酶比活力为7.37U/g;与游离酶相比而言,固定化酶最适pH值与最适反应温度均无明显变化;固定化酶在不同温度(40、50、60℃)条件下重复使用7次,相对酶活力仍能保持在70%、60%和50%以上。     

醋酸纤维素/聚四氟乙烯复合膜固定化磷脂酶A1的研究

以醋酸纤维素/聚四氟乙烯复合膜为载体对磷脂酶进行吸附固定,以酶活力为指标,进行单因素实验,并采用响应面的方法进行分析,确定最佳的固定化条件为:酶液浓度0.06g/mL,吸附时间3h,温度60℃,搅拌速度200r/min,得到固定后的酶活力为4.0U/cm2。由SEM结果可知,CA/PTFE复合膜可较好的固定磷脂酶。     

转谷氨酰胺酶在聚丙烯膜上的固定化研究

采用紫外光两次照射接枝的方法在聚丙烯膜表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯,以提高膜表面的生物相容性和固定化酶的生物活性.探究了影响接枝率的光照时间、距离、单体浓度等重要影响因素后,接枝率最高可达38.38%.固定化的条件为己二胺活化温度50℃、浓度15%、120min,戊二醛交联浓度4%、30℃、40min,酶农度15mg/mL时,4℃下固定化24h,膜的酶蛋白承裁量最高为1009.26μg/g膜,固定化酶膜的活力可达到1.87U/g膜.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.