扩散等离子体法增强聚丙烯非织造布亲水性研究

运用扩散空气和氩气等离子体对聚丙烯非织造布进行表面改性实验。用朗缪尔双探针诊断等离子体的电子温度和电子密度随气压和等离子体放电功率的变化关系;改性结果用聚丙烯非织造布表面蒸馏水的接触角变化和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征,分析了改性后样品表面亲水性的时效性;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对聚丙烯非织造布表面形貌进行了观察。结果表明,等离子体处理后的样品表面由于引入了C O,O C O等含氧基团,使聚丙烯非织造布表面的亲水性明显提高;空气等离子体处理样品的亲水性优于氩气等离子体处理的样品。     

复合等离子体处理对聚丙烯纤维膜润湿改性的研究

为拓展聚丙烯纤维材料的应用领域,针对等离子体处理对聚丙烯纤维材料润湿改性的影响进行了研究。将聚丙烯(PP)纤维膜经等离子体处理后,再利用多巴胺(PDA)对其进行了化学接枝改性,并对所制备材料的形貌、化学性能、接枝程度和相对润湿性进行了系统性的表征。结果表明:经等离子体处理后,多巴胺处理对聚丙烯纤维膜的表面润湿性能明显提升,接触角可从80°降低至0°。在等离子体处理过程中,当氧气与氩气的比值设定为3/7时,润湿改性后纤维膜的接触角由120°转变为0°,最大接枝度可达1.06%,为控制润湿改性疏水性纤维膜提供了一个全新可靠的方法,在纺织服装、能源化工以及生物医学等领域具有广泛的应用空间。     

等离子体诱导丙烯酸接枝改性聚丙烯熔喷非织造材料

为提高聚丙烯（PP）熔喷非织造材料表面的亲水性,针对PP表面化学惰性较大的缺点,通过氩气等离子体处理材料表面,然后进行丙烯酸接枝改性,获得了亲水性良好的PP熔喷材料。研究了不同气氛、处理电压和时间对等离子体处理的影响。同时,研究了接枝温度、时间和单体质量分数对丙烯酸接枝处理的影响。采用接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪分别测试了等离子体和接枝处理前后材料亲水性变化、表面形貌及基团的变化。结果表明：在氩气等离子体处理电压为150 V、处理时间为180 s的条件下处理后,当接枝时间为90 min、接枝温度60 ℃、丙烯酸单体质量分数为60%时,样品接触角从140°下降至32°,材料表面亲水性最好。     

等离子体处理对聚丙烯熔喷非织造布的亲水改性

采用低温等离子体对聚丙烯熔喷非织造布进行表面改性。以水接触角为指标,研究了纤维挤出量、等离子体处理时间及真空度3个参数对试样表面亲水性的影响。在此基础上,通过正交设计试验优化了改性工艺,提高了非织造布亲水性能,并比较了改性前后聚丙烯熔喷非织造布的力学性能及表面形态。结果表明,在等离子体处理时间为120 s,真空度为0.9 Pa,挤出量为4 g/h·min的工艺条件下,聚丙烯熔喷非织造布的水接触角由原来的120.5°降至36.5°,试样力学性能稍有下降,处理后纤维表面的刻蚀现象明显。     

PP医用复合非织造布的亲水改性与抗菌性能

采用预处理和后整理结合的方式对PP医用复合非织造布进行抗菌功能整理。首先使用低温等离子体对PP医用复合非织造布进行亲水改性,讨论等离子体处理时间、功率和真空度对PP医用复合非织造布亲水性能的影响。当氧低温等离子体处理时间为45 s、功率为40 W、真空度为30 Pa时,PP医用复合非织造布的静态接触角从140°下降到84.7°,亲水处理使得织物表面由平整光滑变得凹凸不平,利于后续抗菌剂的附着,织物表面氧元素含量增加且润湿性能与透气性能增加。使用壳聚糖有机酸盐类抗菌剂SA-50DS对经亲水处理的非织造布进行抗菌整理并表征。当整理质量分数为2%、浸渍温度为60℃,焙烘温度为100℃时,整理后的非织造布对大肠埃希菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别达98%与99%。PP医用复合非织造布的横向与纵向断裂强力略有下降,透气率略低于仅经等离子体亲水处理的织物,但明显优于未处理织物。     

低温等离子体引发聚丙烯薄膜气相接枝丙烯酸

利用等离子体处理聚丙烯(PP)薄膜后在气相环境中引发丙烯酸在其表面接枝聚合.实验结果表明,接枝处理15 min即可使PP薄膜的接触角从97°降至32°,说明亲水性大幅提高.红外光谱和扫描电镜分析表明,丙烯酸已接枝在PP薄膜表面,生成了众多l～2 μm的凸起物.经l0 min沸水处理后,接枝PP薄膜的水接触角无明显增加,...     

聚丙烯非织造布的亲金属离子功能化改性

为得到具有亲金属离子性聚丙烯（PP）非织造布,利用低温等离子体联合技术对PP非织造布进行改性。首先采用氧气低温等离子体预处理PP非织造布,使其表面引入反应活性官能团。然后通过架桥三羟甲基丙烷三[3-(2-甲基氮丙啶基)丙酸酯]（TTMAP）使螯合剂在预处理PP非织造布表面发生交联固定反应,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法与X射线电子能谱分析证实了功能化前后PP非织造布表面的化学成分变化。结果表明：经功能化处理的PP纤维具备了良好的亲金属离子性,同时其吸湿及染色性能也得以改善。     

PE/PP非织造布的次辉光放电接枝改性

采用常压次辉光等离子体对PE/PP非织造布进行预处理,然后与甲基丙烯酸接枝聚合改性.分析了等离子体处理时间,接枝反应时单体浓度、时间、温度、还原剂浓度等对接枝率的影响.结果表明,接枝后非织造布的润湿性能、染色性能和抗静电性能较未处理和仅用等离子体改性处理的织物有明显改善.     

丙烯酸接枝改性聚丙烯非织造布及其对染料过滤吸附与解吸作用的研究

采用紫外照射方法对聚丙烯(PP)非织造布进行改性。将丙烯酸(AA)接枝聚合到PP非织造布表面,制得PP-g-AA改性非织造布。研究了交联剂浓度对接枝率的影响,并研究了接枝前后非织造布的形态和微观结构的变化,以及接枝非织造布对染液的吸附与解吸行为及其透水性。结果表明:AA可有效接枝到PP非织造布上;接枝非织造布对阳离子红X-GRL的最大吸附量为146.4 mg/g,显示出优异的吸附性能;等温吸附符合Freundlich模型,吸附动力学模型符合Lagegren准二级动力学方程;接枝非织造布的水通量表现出强烈的酸碱性和电解质依赖性;接枝PP非织造布对阳离子染料的吸附能再生循环利用。采用吸附过滤方式使用PP-g-AA非织造布可对印染废水进行深度处理。     

等离子体预处理对丙纶基材溅射银薄膜的影响

采用磁控溅射技术,在丙纶(PP)非织造布基材表面沉积厚度为0.5～2 nm的银薄膜,研究氩等离子体预处理对PP基材沉积银薄膜后表面形貌和抗菌性能的影响.原子力显微镜(AFM)分析表明,经氩等离子体处理后的纤维表面有明显的刻蚀痕迹,沉积的银粒子分布均匀、不易团聚;X射线能潜仪(EDX)分析表明.经氩等离子体预处理后,PP非织造布表面沉积的银粒子总量增加,表面沉积1nm厚的银薄膜,对大肠肝菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别达到99.96%和100%.     

等离子体处理对丙纶纤维表面接触角的影响

论述了等离子体处理后丙纶纤维表面形态以及接触角的变化。利用基于Wilhelmy原理的接触角测量仪测量了纤维的动态接触角,为表征纤维的润湿性能提供了一种很好的途径。通过比较分析得出了等离子体处理后丙纶纤维的表面形态和表面接触角的关系。     

Hydrophobic recovery of atmospheric pressure plasma treated surfaces of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC)

In this study, the behavior of atmospheric pressure plasma treated surfaces of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC) was investigated as a function of time and environmental conditions. The surfaces of injection molded WPC based on polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were treated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and subsequently aged under various conditions. The wettability as an indicator for change of the composite surface was assessed using water contact angle. In addition, a calculation for half-time of the contact angles was developed to predict the time span which is needed for recovery of hydrophobicity. The results showed a major influence of temperature and time, whereas the humidity only at storing conditions of 60?°C and 75% relative humidity showed a distinct effect on the activated surface. The effect of DBD treatment was stable for more than one week in the climates 20?°C and 0% RH and 20?°C and 65% RH.     

CuO/聚丙烯/乙烯-辛烯共聚物复合熔喷非织造材料的制备及其吸油性能

为高效经济地处理油品泄漏引起的污染问题,利用聚丙烯(PP)与乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)共混后制备复合熔喷非织造材料,然后在其表面负载纳米氧化铜(CuO)进行疏水改性。对改性前后非织造材料的形貌、结构、水接触角、吸油和力学性能等进行测试。结果表明:负载纳米CuO后,CuO/PP/POE复合熔喷非织造材料的结晶度下降,熔融和结晶温度无明显变化,水接触角下降约1°,亲水性略有上升;相对于纯PP非织造材料,负载纳米CuO后复合熔喷非织造材料的吸油率得到提高,添加POE质量分数为15%的熔喷非织造材料对机油的吸油率最高达9.22 g/g,对硅油的吸油率最高达9.4 g/g,且其断裂强力增加,但断裂伸长率降低。     

低温等离子体亲水改性聚丙烯熔喷非织造布

利用常压介质阻挡放电（APDBD）和低压辉光放电（LPGD）等离子体分别对聚丙烯（PP）非织造布进行亲水改性。分析了气体种类、压强、放电频率、电压、处理时间以及非织造布物理结构等因素对亲水改性的影响规律。采用傅里叶变换－表面衰减全反射红外光谱（FTIR-ATR）表征材料表层化学结构的变化,选用吸水率和吸水速率评价样品的亲水性。结果表明：氧气等离子体能够比氩气等离子体更有效地提高非织造布的吸水率和吸水速率;增大放电频率和电压以及适当延长处理时间,均可显著提高材料的亲水改性效果;样品的比表面积越大, 体积密度越小,材料的吸水能力越高。     

Hydrophobicity of fluorocarbon-finished electrospun poly (acrylonitrile) nanofibrous webs

This article reports the hydrophobicity of fluorocarbon-finished nanofibrous webs composed of electrospun poly (acrylonitrile) nanofibers with fiber diameter in the range of about 100–3000 nm. The results obtained from sliding angle and contact angle measurements tests are reported. It was found that the contact angle of unfinished samples with average fiber diameters of about 700, 980 , and 3050 nm lies between 132° and 134°, indicating a rather high and at the same time not much different hydrophobicity for the webs. However, after finishing the electrospun nano- and microfibrous webs, the contact angle increased by a considerable amount to 138°–157° for the webs with average fiber diameter in the range of about 100–3050 nm, respectively. Sliding angle test of the finished nanofibrous webs showed a minimum angle of about 3° for the web with average fiber diameter of 3055 nm. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the rolling angle of 3° is the smallest rolling angle ever reported in the literature. The result of this work showed also that sliding angle test may be more sensitive than contact angle test. It was also ascertained that none of the Wenzel model and Cassie–Baxter model can represent the superhydrophobicity of the fluorocarbon-finished nano- and microfibrous webs.     

Investigation of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of needle punched nonwoven fabrics with staple polypropylene and carbon fibres

Conductive needle punched nonwoven fabrics are developed from staple polypropylene (PP) and varying weight fractions (10, 20 and 30 wt.%) of staple carbon fibres. A fibrous webs of staple PP and carbon fibres were formed at a wool-type carding machine, and these webs subsequently bonded on needle punching machine with 132 punches/cm² and 13.5 mm needle penetration depth. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE), absorption and reflection characteristics of as-produced needle punched nonwoven fabrics were determined using a network analyser as specified in ASTM D4935-10 in the frequency range 15–3000 MHz. The surface resistivity measurements were carried out in accordance with ASTM D 257-07 standard. These results indicate that the EMSE values increase incrementally with frequency in the 15–3000 MHz range. The nonwoven sample with 30 wt.% carbon fibre showed the lowest surface resistivity of 3.348 kΩ and corresponding highest EMSE of ~42.1 dB in the 3000 MHz frequency range. In comparison, the highest EMSE values from 10 to 20 wt.% staple carbon fibre were found to be 15.6 and 32.2 dB in the 3000 MHz frequency, respectively. It was observed that the absorbance and reflectance curves of each nonwoven fabric move at opposite directions to each other. It was found that as the amount of carbon fibre in the nonwoven fabric increases, absorbance values decrease, but reflectance values increase. The resultant nonwoven fabric samples are expected to be used as garment interlining after thermal bonding and wall interlayer in the future.     

三维超疏水超细纤维绒面革的仿生构建

为解决超细纤维绒面革二维超疏水表面耐久性差的问题,提出了一种三维超疏水超细纤维绒面革的构建方法。将含氟水基聚氨酯和纳米前驱体正硅酸乙酯的混合液均匀含浸至超细纤维非织造布中,在弱酸性条件下诱发纳米前驱体在超细纤维绒面革内部原位生成纳米SiO₂颗粒,形成了整体具有自相似性的类荷叶微纳粗糙结构,仿生构建了三维超疏水超细纤维绒面革,并对其接触角、形貌特征、元素组成、摩擦耐久性和化学稳定性进行了测试与表征。结果表明:所制备的超细纤维绒面革表面水接触角高达153.5°;即使经受2 100次摩擦,浸泡在乙醇、对二甲苯、四氢呋喃、正己烷、pH值为1和14的水溶液中24 h,皂洗10次,紫外光照24 h,热处理后其水接触角均可保持在150°左右,显示出优异的超疏水稳定性。     

Preparation of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic polypropylene fibers with application in oil/water separation

A novel type of fiber material for the separation of oil/water mixed liquids has been prepared by the chemical vapor deposition of hydrophobic silanes on commercially available polypropylene (PP) fiber. To achieve this, the PP fiber materials were first etched by concentrated H₂SO₄. Then, the as-prepared PP fiber materials were immersed in highly concentrated suspension of graphene oxide modified by amine-functionalized SiO₂ nanoparticles (SiO₂–GO). Finally, the as-prepared PP fiber materials were treated by the chemical vapor deposition of hydrophobic silane (octyltrichlorosilane) to form a superhydrophobic surface with a water contact angle more than 156^o. The hydrophobic lightweight PP fiber materials are almost instantly filled with the oil phase when selectively absorbing oil from water. The oil can also be drained from the absorbed PP fiber materials. Moreover, the PP fiber material shows the good performance for repeated use.     

公路护坡生态毯的研制

以废棉纤维、聚丙烯(PP)纤维和麻纤维为原料,采用非织造技术加工成不同结构性能的针刺非织造材料,用作公路护坡生态毯。以纤维配比、层叠结构和针刺密度为因素,以非织造生态毯纵/横向断裂强力、纵/横向断裂伸长率、透水水流量和表面摩擦因数为考核指标,通过正交试验设计方案优选加工工艺,得出最佳工艺组合是A2B3C1。试验结果表明:最佳配比为m(棉)∶m(麻)∶m(PP)=2∶3∶5;最佳结构为棉、PP和黄麻纤维分别单独成网,按黄麻在第一层,PP纤维在中间,棉为基层叠加的三层结构;最佳针刺密度为325刺/cm2。在上述条件下制得的生态毯性能最好,能够满足生态护坡的要求。