油菜花粉面包的研制

介绍了油菜花粉面包的制作方法，确定了油菜花粉破壁的最佳方法为机械温差组合破壁法及最佳工艺参数：酵母接种量2％，糖添加量12％，总发酵时间5h，油菜花粉添加量3％。     

油菜花粉发酵破壁最佳条件的确定

采用“628”最优回归设计和数学模型探讨了高糖酵母最佳破壁条件。运用向后逐步回归分析法,获得花粉破壁率与水分,pH值、渗透压、时间、温度、营养物质用量的最优回归方程,且分析了各因子的主效应和互作效应。在计算机三次样条多维插值所得组合中,通过搜索可确定花粉破壁率达最大值92.35%时的最佳组合条件。把此模型推广到油菜花粉乳酸菌饮料制作工艺的研究中,最终确定各因子最佳组合是：蒸糖添加量为13.40%,破壁花粉浓度为28.90%,接种量为2.50%,发酵乳用量为55.00%,稳定剂用量为0.20%。该方法不仅是确定最佳发酵条件的优化途径,也是食品加工工艺研究中的有效手段。     

荔枝蜜酒发酵工艺的研究

以荔枝蜜为原料,安琪葡萄酒高活性干酵母BV818为发酵菌种,通过单因素和正交实验设计,得出荔枝蜜酒的最佳发酵工艺条件为:起始糖度为26%(w/v)、油菜花粉破壁上清液添加量为0.05%(v/v)、菌种接种量为0.325%(w/v)、发酵温度为30℃。发酵8 d后,其酒精度可达8.2%vol。当壳聚糖季铵盐添加量为0.3 g/L、作用时间为36 h时,透光率可达98.61%。按上述酿造工艺制备的蜂蜜酒,酒色纯正,蜜香浓郁,风味好。     

酶法制备米糠分离蛋白的研究

选用细胞破壁酶类和蛋白酶类来提取米糠蛋白,从两类酶中分别选出最佳用酶及酶用量。实验表明,纤维素酶是最佳的细胞破壁酶,其最佳添加量为:[E]/[S]=2%。复合蛋白酶为最佳蛋白酶用酶,其最佳添加量为:[E]/[S]=5%。     

松花粉饮料的加工工艺研究

对松花粉饮料的调配与加工工艺进行研究,通过单因素实验及正交试验,确定松花粉在破壁50min时破壁率为96.2%,添加0.03%的β—环糊精时,包埋效果最好。根据正交试验得出其他原料的最佳添加量为:白砂糖添加量为3%,葡萄糖添加量为2.5%,柠檬酸添加量为0.21%,抗坏血酸添加量为1.5%,蜂蜜添加量为3%;当CMC添加量为0.18%,瓜尔豆胶为0.11%,黄原胶为0.13%时所研制的松花粉饮料最稳定,此时沉淀率为1.15%。制得的破壁松花粉饮料中含有黄酮404.932mg/100g。该饮料具有松花粉特殊的清香味,营养丰富,一种具有抗氧化、防衰老的新型保健饮料。     

混合发酵法生产花粉面包的工艺优化

玉米花粉营养丰富。制作面包时,在面团中加入破壁的玉米花粉。将酵母菌与乳酸菌以一定的比例混合,作为发酵剂。经过发酵和焙烤,研制出具有花粉清香的保健型花粉面包。混合发酵法生产花粉面包的最佳工艺条件是:玉米花粉添加量为5%,糖添加量为10%,酵母菌与乳酸菌配比为2.5∶1,发酵时间为5h。     

玉米花粉复合酶解破壁工艺条件研究

玉米花粉含有丰富的营养物质和生物活性成分。在单因素试验的基础上,利用四因素三水平正交试验设计,研究了玉米花粉复合酶解破壁的工艺条件。结果表明,玉米花粉复合酶解破壁的最佳工艺条件为：酶添加量为7．5％（纤维素酶：果胶酶=1：1）、酶解温度50℃、pH5．0、酶解时间9h,在此工艺条件下,玉米花粉破壁率为41．78％。     

大豆肽固体饮料的制备

本试验研究制备了一种芒果风味的大豆肽固体饮料。结果表明最佳配方为:芒果粉添加量为25%、白砂糖添加量为40%、柠檬酸添加量为1%、大豆肽粉添加量为10%、麦芽糊精添加量为24%,根据最佳配方配制的大豆肽固体饮料的感官评价得分是93分。     

酶解结合物理法对雨生红球藻破壁处理的工艺研究

采用酶解结合物理法对雨生红球藻的破壁工艺进行了研究,以破壁孢子率为评价指标,通过正交试验筛选酶解条件,对比试验进行验证。试验结果表明,雨生红球藻的最佳破壁工艺为:选用复合纤维素酶对雨生红球藻进行酶解处理,酶添加量0.5%,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间5 h,酶解后结合高压均质法进行破壁,均质压力40 MPa,均质2次。在此工艺条件下,雨生红球藻的破壁孢子率较原工艺提高18.07%。酶解结合高压均质法用于雨生红球藻粉破壁具有效率高、成本低的优点,适用于工业化生产。     

玉米花粉保健饮料的工艺优化

玉米花粉经过筛选并配成10%浓度的花粉溶液.利用混合法对花粉进行破壁处理.选取花粉、白砂糖、柠檬酸、稳定剂4个因素,采用L9(34)正交设计进行工艺优化.玉米花粉保健饮料的最佳配方为:花粉添加量为4%,白砂糖10%,柠檬酸0.1%,稳定剂添加量为0.15%.对饮料成品在常温和冷藏条件下的菌落总数进行测定.结果表明,花粉饮料具有一定的抑菌作用,可延长饮料的保质期.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.