2021年泰安市粮油食品中黄曲霉毒素B1污染状况及膳食暴露风险评估

为降低泰安市居民黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的膳食摄入风险，指导消费者购买安全食品提供依据，随机采集2021年泰安市各县市区内小麦粉、大米、谷物加工品、玉米粉、玉米油、花生油、坚果炒货等粮油食品共计553份，采用高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法对其AFB1含量进行检测，并采用暴露限值（MOE）法和数学模型法对不同种类、不同来源、不同地区、不同人群粮油食品AFB1膳食暴露水平进行评估。结果表明：泰安市粮油食品中AFB1总检出率分别为2.53%，平均含量为0.73 μg/kg，总不合格率为0.72%；高新区、新泰市、宁阳县3个县市区小作坊、小食杂店，餐饮店，小型超市购进的花生油与玉米粉中AFB1检出率较高；泰安市粮油食品AFB1暴露量为3.90 ng/（kg·d），MOE为103，AFB1致肝癌发病风险为0.084 2 例/（10万人·年）；玉米粉、小麦粉、花生油中AFB1膳食暴露风险较高，高新区、新泰市、宁阳县3个县市区小作坊、小食杂店，餐饮店粮油食品中AFB1膳食暴露风险较高；不同人群粮油食品中AFB1膳食暴露风险差别不大。综上，泰安市粮油食品中AFB1膳食暴露风险较高，仍需持续关注，有关部门应加强监管力度。     

2015年山东部分地区食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1和玉米赤霉烯酮污染状况调查

摘 要：目的 了解山东省部分地区食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1和玉米赤霉烯酮的污染状况,为食品安全监督管理提供科学依据。方法 在山东省部分市/县采集食用植物油,256份8类植物油,散装油206份,定型包装油59份,其中包括花生油105份、大豆油78份、玉米胚芽油9份、香油46份、调和油10份以及其他食用油17份,酶联免疫吸附法检测AFB1和ZEN的含量,并根据食品安全国家标准食品中真菌毒素限量分析植物油中的AFB1和ZEN污染状况。结果 256份样品中,AFB1和ZEN检出率分别为44.5%、72.1%,超标率分别为7.2%、6.0%,中位数分别为0.0、4.9 μg/kg。定型包装和散装油中,AFB1超标率分别为0.0%、9.2%,差异有统计学意义（?2=4.55,P＜0.05）,中位数分别为0.6 μg/kg、0.0 μg/kg;ZEN超标率分别为10.2%、4.9%,中位数分别为5.1 μg/kg、4.8 μg/kg。各城市间AFB1总体来说差异有统计学意义（?2=32.31,P＜0.05）;ZEN在不同地区间差异无统计学意义（?2=16.06,P＞0.05）。花生油和大豆油中AFB1超标率分别为16.2%、2.6%,差异有统计学意义（?2=8.93,P＜0.05）,其他种类植物油中未发现超标;花生油、大豆油、玉米胚芽油、香油、调和油ZEN的超标率分别为1%、1.3%、100.0%、8.7%、20.0%,各类食用油中ZEN超标率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 山东部分地区食用植物油中AFB1和ZEN污染严重,其中以散装油污染最为严重。花生油中AFB1、玉米油中ZEN污染严重,建议相关部门加强市场散装油的监管。     

我国部分地区燕麦及其制品中柄曲霉素污染调查

目的 建立燕麦及其制品中柄曲霉素(sterigmatocystin, STC)检测方法, 并了解我国部分地区燕麦及其制品中STC的污染情况。方法 在内蒙古农户家中采集新产燕麦136份, 同时采集内蒙古超市中散装燕麦粉5份以及我国大陆地区市售燕麦片96份。采用QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe)前处理结合高效液相色谱串联质谱(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)方法检测STC的含量。结果 在燕麦和燕麦片中分别添加低、中、高浓度的STC, 其平均回收率范围为83.6%~119.4%, RSD为2.3%~15.4%, 方法定量限为0.5 μg/kg, 在燕麦和燕麦片中的检出限分别为0.02 μg/kg和0.05 μg/kg, 表明该方法可用于燕麦和燕麦片中STC含量的检测。分析检测结果可知燕麦、燕麦粉和燕麦片3种样品中均检出较低浓度的STC, 检出率分别为0.7%、60%和13.5%, 平均含量分别为0.1、0.2和 0.11 μg/kg。结论 内蒙古地区燕麦、燕麦粉和我国大陆地区市售燕麦片中柄曲霉素污染水平整体较低, 但在监管中仍不容忽视, 该研究同时也为以后开展居民膳食中STC风险评估提供基础数据。     

山东临沂部分县区花生收获前后黄曲霉毒素B1污染情况研究﹡

目的了解花生从收获前到收获、储存期间黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)污染的环节,为预防花生AFB1的污染提供科学依据。方法 2014年,在山东临沂市选择花生种植范围较广的5个县,分别于收获前1~2周、收获时、收获晾干后1个月和储存3个月采集花生样本共260份,酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测花生AFB1的污染情况,并对结果进行分析。结果 260份花生样品中,收获前、收获时样品中AFB1均小于2μg/kg,收获晾干后1个月和储存3个月各有1份样品AFB1含量严重超标,分别是81.07μg/kg和为254.27μg/kg,阳性率均为1.27%;总阳性率为0.77%。结论 2014年临沂部分地区花生中AFB1阳性率较低,污染主要发生在收获后的晾晒和储存期,提示科学晾晒和储存是预防花生AFB1污染的重要措施之一。     

无衍生-高效液相色谱法测定玉米中AFB1含量

目的 建立AFB1无衍生的HPLC检测方法。方法 本试验对谷物中AFB1的提取方法、净化方法、色谱条件进行摸索,最终建立一套完整的无衍生的HPLC方法。结果 该方法在AFB1的浓度为0.5~80 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性回归方程为Y=1095223X 857392,相关系数R2=0.99884,检测限为0.60 ng/mL,回收率在86.4%~99.6%之间。在43份送检玉米样品中,AFB1的总检出率和超标率分别为39.53%和11.63%。结论 无衍生的HPLC方法也可以用于检测玉米中的AFB1的含量,比衍生化的方法更简单、可操作性更强、更有应用价值。     

2015~2017年江苏省食品中多环芳烃污染状况的调查分析

目的 调查江苏省辖区内的食物中多环芳烃的污染水平现况。方法 收集2015~2017年江苏省13市区流通和餐饮环节的油炸食品、速食面、食用油类等样品, 采用高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定15种多环芳烃的含量。结果 采集5类食物共277份, 15种多环芳烃的检出率为18.8%, 各类食品中目标化合物检出含量范围: 油炸面类食品0.3~197.7 μg/kg; 速食面0.3~72.0 μg/kg; 食用油0.3~27.4 μg/kg; 果蔬类 0.1~2.56 μg/kg; 谷物0.1~6.92 μg/kg。苯并(a)芘(BaP)均未超标。结论 江苏省内食品中存在多环芳烃的污染状况, 15种多环芳烃的总含量的均值以油炸面类食品和食用油最高, 速食面次之, 谷物与果蔬类处于较低水平。     

广东省常见发酵茶中黄曲霉毒素B1污染现状及暴露评估

目的了解广东省市售包括黑茶、红茶、乌龙茶等发酵茶中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的污染含量水平,并评估其饮用健康风险。方法按照简单随机抽样方法确定样品量,在广东省4个片区选取9个地市的超市商店、批发市场、茶叶行等市售环节以及网店,分别采集黑茶、红茶、乌龙茶等发酵茶类样品共260份,按GB 5009.22—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中黄曲霉毒素B族和G族的测定》第一法同位素稀释-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定其中的AFB1含量。运用暴露限值(MOE)法和数学模型法,结合2012年广东省居民营养与健康状况调查数据、AFB_1浸出率数据,评估人群从饮用茶叶摄入AFB1的膳食暴露量情况。结果 260份发酵茶类样品中AFB1的总体检出率为1.15%(3/260),检出值范围为0.26~0.56μg/kg。3份检出AFB_1的样品均为普洱茶熟茶样品。3种发酵茶类别间的检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。代入发酵茶中AFB_1的含量平均值计算,广东省总人群、广东省茶叶消费人群经茶叶摄入AFB_1的平均膳食暴露量分别为0.000 352、0.000 981 ng/kg BW;代入AFB1含量最大值计算的膳食暴露量为0.005 73、0.016 0 ng/kg BW。MOE值均10 000,按欧洲食品安全局推荐的MOE结果判定依据,表明广东省居民经茶叶摄入的AFB1对健康造成危害的风险低。以广东省人群乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率为11.1%计算,广东省人群由于茶叶AFB1的膳食暴露引发肝癌的风险为0.000 010 9~0.000 674例/10万人,表明目前茶叶中的AFB_1对广东省居民产生的健康风险低。结论广东省市售发酵茶中AFB_1的检出率低、检出值低,对广东省总人群和茶叶消费人群的平均膳食暴露风险低,具有较高的饮用安全性。     

2018年中国4省脱粒小麦中9种真菌毒素污染情况调查

目的 调查2018年湖北、安徽、江苏和河北4省脱粒小麦中5种镰刀菌毒素和4种黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxins,AFs）的污染情况。方法 从4省采集2018年5~6月收获的脱粒小麦371份,经乙腈-水（84:16,V:V）提取、Mycosep 226多功能净化柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱同时测定样品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol,DON）、3-乙酰基-DON（3-acetyl-DON,3-Ac-DON）、15-乙酰基-DON（15-acetyl-DON,15-Ac-DON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（nivalenol,NIV）、玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）和4种AF, 共9种毒素的含量。 结果 4省脱粒小麦受多种镰刀菌毒素, 尤其是DON的污染较为严重,而AF污染相对较轻。DON的检出率最高,为90.3%,阳性样品中DON平均污染水平为2706.3 μg/kg,45.3%样品DON的含量超过国家限量标准1000 μg/kg;4种AF的检出率和平均污染水平均较低,其中AFB1和AFB2的检出率最高,均为3.2%,2份样品AFB1含量超过国家限量标准5 μg/kg,仅1份样品检出AFG2,所有样品均未检出AFG1。从地区来看,湖北省脱粒小麦中各毒素污染最严重,尤其是DON、其检出率和平均污染水平分别为100%和6314.9 μg/kg;江苏省样品中ZEN的平均污染水平为1971.2 μg/kg,远高于其它省份。Spearman相关性分析表明,5种镰刀菌毒素的污染具有显著相关性,DON与已检出的3种AF及3种AF间的污染相关性均较弱或无显著相关性。 结论 4省脱粒小麦受5种镰刀菌毒素的污染较为严重且具有显著相关性。污染程度为湖北>安徽>江苏>河北。因此,有必要对4省脱粒小麦中多种毒素的协同污染情况进行持续监测。     

储存条件对玉米胚及其毛油中黄曲霉毒素B_1含量和品质的影响

将不同初始水分(5%、9%、12%、18%)的玉米胚在25℃、45%相对湿度的条件下进行储存,取不同储存时间的玉米胚样品检测其粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量及黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)含量,并提取玉米毛油检测其酸值、过氧化值、色泽及AFB1含量,研究储存条件对玉米胚及其毛油中AFB1含量和品质的影响。结果表明,在30 d的储存时间内,初始水分为5%和9%的玉米胚及其毛油的主要质量指标和AFB1含量均无明显变化,但毛油酸值(KOH)分别增加了1.31 mg/g和3.60 mg/g;初始水分为12%和18%的玉米胚,粗脂肪含量分别下降了5.05个百分点和6.09个百分点,毛油酸值(KOH)分别增加了25.89 mg/g和61.69 mg/g,色泽明显加深,玉米胚及其毛油中AFB1含量随储存时间的延长逐渐增加,至30 d时,玉米胚中AFB1含量分别达到3.192μg/kg和7.528μg/kg,对应的毛油中AFB1含量分别达到1.134μg/kg和2.128μg/kg。但所有玉米胚样品及其毛油样品中AFB1含量均未超过国家限量标准(20μg/kg)。     

山东省玉米真菌毒素污染状况调查及分析

为掌握山东省玉米的真菌毒素污染状况,评估污染带来的安全风险,为加强真菌毒素污染防控提供依据,采集了山东省玉米主产县2013年~2014年收获和储藏的玉米样品共520批次,采用液相色谱—飞行时间质谱联用仪(UPLC-Q-TOF)方法检测了玉米中黄曲霉毒素(AFB_1、AFB_2、AFG_1、AFG_2)、伏马毒素(FB_1、FB_2、FB_3)、呕吐毒素(DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的污染水平。结果表明,AFB1、AFB2、AFG1在玉米中检出率分别为18.08%、7.88%、0.77%,平均含量分别为7.62、0.60、0.05μg/kg;FB1、FB2、FB3检出率分别为92.50%、88.08%、83.85%,平均含量分别为1 798.69、531.83、197.71μg/kg;DON检出率为26.35%,平均含量为240.44μg/kg;ZEN检出率为14.62%,平均含量为74.90μg/kg;AFG2未检出。调查结果还表明,伏马毒素在所测样品中污染最为严重,超标率达33.46%;单一样品受多种毒素混合污染的情况较严重。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.