新型泡沫染整助剂

泡沫助剂是指在泡沫染整体系中维持合适的发泡比以及泡沫稳定性的助剂。分析了泡沫产生与泡沫稳定的原理,介绍了发泡剂与稳泡剂的种类以及两者在实际应用中的作用和效果,同时提出了待解决的问题。不同的泡沫助剂在不同体系中的效果不同,通过控制泡沫半衰期和发泡比,能够应用在不同的加工工艺中,并实现满意的处理效果。     

椰油基葡萄苷及在织物抗皱整理中的泡沫性能研究

以椰油基葡萄苷(APG0814)为抗皱整理用发泡剂,采用剪切法分析APG0814水溶液的泡沫(发泡及稳泡)性能,讨论抗皱整理助剂(抗皱剂TF-650、催化剂TF-651、醋酸)对APG0814水溶液泡沫性能的影响,研究海藻酸钠、阴离子表面活性剂对抗皱整理液(含APG0814、抗皱剂TF-650、催化剂TF-651、醋酸)的泡沫性能影响。结果表明:APG0814水溶液的发泡性及泡沫稳定性均随其浓度的增加而增加,并最终趋于稳定值;抗皱剂TF-650的加入降低了APG0814的稳泡性,但对发泡性影响不大;催化剂TF-651或醋酸加入后显著降低了APG0814水溶液的泡沫性能,但抗皱整理助剂浓度变化对APG0814水溶液的泡沫性能影响不大。海藻酸钠加入抗皱整理液后泡沫稳定性提高,但对发泡性提升不大,继续加入阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)后,抗皱整理液的发泡性及稳泡性均有提高。     

发泡用浆料的筛选及其性能研究

介绍了新型泡沫上浆技术的研究背景,探讨了发泡温度对泡沫性能的影响。以泡沫高度、发泡倍率、泡沫半衰期、泡沫黏度为浆料起泡能力和稳泡能力的评价指标,对氧化淀粉、酸解淀粉、PVA217和XP-C(固体丙烯)发泡后的泡沫性能进行试验分析。研究结果表明:最适合的发泡温度为75℃,氧化淀粉与XP-C可作为泡沫上浆用发泡浆料,且当二者比例为9∶1时泡沫性能最佳。     

羊绒有机硅改性水性聚氨酯抗起球泡沫整理

文中研究了有机硅改性阳离子水性聚氨酯(CPSU)的发泡体系(树脂浓度、发泡剂及稳泡剂的种类与浓度)对泡沫稳定性的影响,将所得泡沫以泡沫微涂层的形式处理在羊绒针织物表面,并测试了整理后羊绒针织物的抗起球性能、手感及表面形貌。结果表明,采用7 g/L月桂基甜菜碱为发泡剂、7 g/L阳离子改性瓜尔胶为稳泡剂,对自制的CPSU(60 g/L)进行发泡,泡沫消泡比为50.00%时的泡沫寿命为17min;采用此泡沫对羊绒进行微涂层,当增重率为2.00%左右时,其抗起球等级可提升2级以上。     

双组分水性聚氨酯织物涂层胶的合成及性能测试

制备3种硬段含量及亲水基团含量的水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液,并与可水分散多异氰酸酯按4种不同的质量配比混合,制得双组分WPU织物涂层胶。研究硬段含量和亲水基团含量,以及WPU乳液与可水分散多异氰酸酯的质量配比,对双组分WPU织物涂层胶性能的影响。结果表明,双组分WPU织物涂层胶具有良好的防水透气性能;WPU乳液中硬段含量和亲水基团含量都会影响双组分WPU织物涂层胶的防水透气性能;在可水分散多异氰酸酯用量较少时,适当增加用量有利于提高涂层织物的耐静水压,但用量不宜太高。     

泡沫整理发泡原液的组成及性能研究

发泡原液的组成及其性能是泡沫整理技术的重要组成部分.对泡沫整理发泡原液的组成及性能进行了系统研究,分析了发泡剂和泡沫稳定剂及其质量浓度、阴离子,非离子型表面活性剂的复配、环境温度、无机盐等因素对体系起泡性能和泡沫稳定性的影响.结果表明:(1)当发泡剂NaLS质量浓度为3 g/L,稳泡剂PVA质量浓度为1.0 g/L(或HEC质量浓度为0.3 g/L)时,体系可获得最佳起泡性能和泡沫稳定性;(2)发泡剂NaLS和JU复配具有良好的协同作用.控制合适的复配比例[如m(NaLS):m(JU)=1:1时],可显著提高体系的起泡性能;(3)低温条件有利于泡沫稳定温度越高,泡沫稳定性越差.     

水性聚氨酯发泡倍率对合成革涂层性能影响

以聚醚二元醇、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二醇,2,2-二羟甲基丙酸为原料合成高固含发泡水性聚氨酯,再加入稳泡剂、流平剂、填料等通过机械发泡获得合成革用发泡浆料,研究了不同发泡倍率对发泡浆料的黏度、合成革发泡涂层的柔软度、表面微观结构、表面粗糙度、表面光泽、透湿性、剥离强度等因素的影响。结果表明:随着发泡倍率的增加,发泡浆料的黏度逐渐增加,涂层表面泡孔数目逐渐增多且密集,而表面粗糙度先下降后增加,透水汽性逐渐增加,剥离性能却逐渐下降;当发泡倍率为1.9倍时,黏度为9 720Pa·s,具有良好的涂刮性,此时涂层的柔软度、回弹性、剥离强度、透湿性以及表面平整度等综合性能优良。     

米糠蛋白的起泡特性及其泡沫微观形态

考察pH值和NaCl浓度对米糠蛋白起泡特性及泡沫微观形态的影响,并对二者之间的内在关系进行阐述。结果表明,当米糠蛋白溶液中不添加NaCl、pH?4时起泡能力较差,但泡沫稳定性可达最大值（88.3±7.3）%,而当溶液的pH值偏离4时起泡能力增加,在pH10和12条件下起泡能力分别可达（73.3±0）%和（168.9±10.2）%,泡沫稳定性分别为（74.7±2.5）%和（68.5±2.1）%;另外在米糠蛋白溶液pH值为4和7条件下分别添加1%的NaCl后,可显著提高起泡能力至（77.8±3.8）%和（90.0±5.8）%。米糠蛋白泡沫的微观形态随时间变化规律说明,不同pH值条件下起始阶段气泡的直径大小分布与泡沫稳定性相关,而当添加NaCl后米糠蛋白起泡能力和泡沫稳定性的改变则与气泡数量和平均面积二者的综合效应有关。     

无脂人造奶油的制作

具有表面活性．一定分子量和亲水亲脂结构的食品物料,在高速搅拌时能形成泡沫。鸡蛋清蛋白、干酪素和大豆分离蛋白属于高起泡力的食品物料,可以取代食用油脂制作口溶性好、有一定可塑性和涂抹性的无脂人造奶油。加入稳泡剂是工艺的关键。     

鹌鹑蛋功能特性及其影响因素

测定了鹌鹑蛋乳化性、起泡性、持水性等功能特性,并探讨了蔗糖、温度、pH值、氯化钠等因素对蛋白起泡性及其稳定性和蛋黄乳化性的影响。结果表明,鹌鹑蛋白的起泡性为7.33%,泡沫稳定性为63.49%,乳化性为41.51%,持水性约17.14%;鹌鹑蛋黄的起泡性为10%,泡沫稳定性为59.73%,乳化性为46.82%;鹌鹑全蛋液的起泡性为11%,泡沫稳定性为63.95%,乳化性为43.99%,持水性约18.28%。蔗糖能在一定范围内提高泡沫稳定性,适当加热可改善蛋白起泡性,蛋白起泡性随NaCl增加而有较大幅度提高。鹌鹑蛋黄乳化性随蔗糖浓度增大而提高,10～60℃内随温度升高而提高,加入氯化钠能明显提高蛋黄乳化性。pH值对蛋白起泡性和泡沫稳定性、蛋黄乳化性的影响均呈动态变化。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status