一种新型的保健饮料——姜汁凝乳的工艺研究

生姜中的某些成分可以使牛乳凝固,以生姜、牛乳为主要原料,利用生姜中的某些成分促使牛乳凝固,制得姜汁凝乳。探讨了姜汁凝乳的机理,通过实验确定了产品的工艺及配方。     

一种新型的保健饮料——姜汁凝乳

生姜中的某些成分可以使牛乳凝固,以生姜、牛乳为主要原料,利用生姜中的某些成分促使牛乳凝固,制得姜汁凝乳。探讨姜汁凝乳的机制,通过实验确定产品的工艺及配方。     

姜汁凝乳的研究和展望

以牛乳和生姜为主要原料,利用姜汁中的某些成分促使牛乳凝固,便制得姜汁凝乳.就牛乳中酪蛋白的成分和结构进行阐述,并探讨了姜汁凝乳的机理.通过实验研究可知,生姜汁具有使牛乳凝固作用,这就为生姜的综合利用和皱胃酶替代物的研发提供了重要的依据.     

姜汁中凝乳成分研究

以生姜和鲜牛乳为原料,将经杀菌迭一定温度的鲜牛乳冲入到适量比例的姜汁中,便制得姜汁凝乳。为了探讨姜汁凝乳的机理,研究了温度对姜汁凝乳的影响,制备了生姜蛋白酶粗提物、姜油树脂和姜精油,并分别进行了凝乳实验。实验结果表明,最佳冲浆温度为70℃,生姜蛋白酶粗提物具有凝乳作用,而后两者均无此作用。     

姜汁凝乳影响因素的研究

生姜经清洗、打浆榨汁后可制得姜汁,将姜汁以2%的比例添加到经杀菌和冷却处理的鲜乳中可制成具有凝乳状态的姜汁牛乳。为了探讨姜汁凝乳的影响因素,文中研究了温度、pH值、牛乳蛋白质和盐类等对姜汁凝乳的影响。结果表明,温度和pH值是影响姜汁凝乳的关键外部因素。牛乳蛋白质、CaCl2、NaCl是凝乳促进物。     

姜汁凝乳制作工艺与配方的研究

以牛乳和生姜为主要原料,利用姜汁中的某些成分促使牛乳凝固,制得姜汁凝乳.对冲浆温度进行单因素试验,对制作工艺与配方分别进行了正交试验.试验结果表明,冲浆温度为75℃时凝乳效果最佳,当牛奶杀菌条件为85℃15s、酸度为28°T、冲浆温度为75℃、姜汁量为3.5%、白糖量为8%、氯化钙量为0.1%、CMC-Na量为0.1%时,成品的凝乳效果最好.     

姜汁凝乳的实验研究

探索姜汁凝乳的最佳工艺和配方.以生姜和新鲜牛乳为原料,经杀菌后的牛奶在适当的温度下冲入到适量比例的姜汁中,制得姜汁凝乳.研究了姜汁凝乳的几个主要影响因素,得到姜汁凝乳的最佳工艺和配方为牛奶经85℃,15 s杀菌、鲜榨姜汁经65℃,5 min热处理、冲浆温度60 ℃～65℃、姜汁添加量为5％、适量添加白砂糖(5％～8％),于60℃～65℃下保温凝乳.通过实验,确定了姜汁凝乳的最佳配方和工艺条件,为姜汁凝乳的工业化生产和商业化开发提供了重要的参考.     

姜汁乳的工艺研究

以生姜、牛乳为主要原料,对姜汁乳的工艺进行了研究,并确定了其工艺参数.具体的工艺参数为:生姜3%、柠檬酸0.1%、CaCl2 0.05%、凝乳温度35 ℃.     

姜汁凝固型牛奶配方与工艺优化研究

以牛奶和生姜为主要原料,通过单因素及正交实验确定了姜汁凝固型牛奶配方与优化加工工艺。结果表明:姜汁凝固型牛奶的优化配方和工艺为奶粉用量18.5%,姜汁用量4.0%,蔗糖用量8%,pH 6.5,凝乳温度60℃。制得的产品凝乳完全,表面光滑,无乳清析出,具有姜汁凝固型牛奶固有的姜汁和牛奶的香味,口感滑嫩细腻。     

降血脂营养保健乳的研制

生姜、铬、乳酸菌均有降低胆固醇的作用,而且生姜与铬协同作用,还具有预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化的作用。本实验利用牛乳、姜、铬、乳酸菌,制成具有保健功能的乳制品;利用多因素多水平正交实验确定姜汁凝乳的最佳条件,并确定了该制品的基本配方。经实验制得的产品,组织状态细腻,酸甜适口,营养价值极高。     

凝乳剂对乳饼质量的影响

以牛乳为原料,筛选了乳饼生产中3种凝乳剂的最佳添加量、凝乳温度、时间以及乳饼成型压力和时间。结果表明,3种乳饼的色泽、风味、组织结构等感官指标评分较高,且各具特色,其中植物凝乳剂(PC)乳饼的香气、口感较好。不同凝乳剂对乳饼的蛋白质质量分数影响不大。与传统酸凝剂和新型凝乳剂不同,植物凝乳剂对乳饼氨基酸和脂肪酸影响较大、质量分数较高。凝乳剂对乳饼蛋白质降解有促进作用,但组间蛋白质变化差异不明显。     

即食甜凝乳的研制

采用结晶法将凝乳剂粉剂化,活力达102SU/g,酶活力稳定性好。在牛奶或复员乳中加入少量粉剂,在几十分钟即可凝乳,冷藏后风味更加宜人。开发的即食甜凝乳是一种方便型乳制品,可适应人们快节奏的生活。     

Simultaneous Curdling of Soy/Cow's Milk Blends with Rennet and Calcium or Magnesium Sulfate, Utilizing Soymilk Prepared from Soybeans or Full-Fat Soy Flour

Mixed soy/cow's milk curds were prepared by simultaneous curdling of soy/cow's milk blends, utilizing rennet as cow's milk coagulant and calcium or magnesium sulfate as soymilk coagulant. The method produced curds of similar characteristics (compactness and yield), whether soymilk prepared from soybeans or full-fat soy flour was used. The effect of a number of process variables on curd characteristics was studied, utilizing a fractional factorial design. Generally, large changes in process variables (23 – 230%) produced relatively small charges in curd characteristics (1 – 16%). Protein contents of raw materials and proximate chemical analyses of pure and mixed milk curds, prepared under conditions yielding maximum curd compactness were determined. Protein recoveries in curd preparation were calculated.     

The combined effects of fat content,calcium chloride,and coagulant concentration on the development of cheese curd structure

The effects of differing content levels of calcium chloride (approximately 200 and 400 μg Ca per 100 g milk protein) and of a microbial coagulant (3200 and 6400 μL per 100 L of milk; 950 IMCU (international milk coagulating units) mL⁻¹) on the coagulation of cows' milk with various fat levels (0.02–3.77%, w/w) was studied. Non-linear regression analysis was used to evaluate dynamic factors (lag time, t_lag; maximum coagulation rate, C_max; time for the maximum coagulation rate, t_max). Increasing fat content in the milk at constant calcium chloride and coagulant contents had no significant and clear effects on the t_lag, C_max, and t_max values. Increased levels of calcium chloride or microbial coagulant led to a significant decrease in t_lag and t_max, and conversely increased C_max. Therefore, milk fat content had no significant effect on gel development; however, levels of calcium chloride and coagulant significantly influenced gel structure.     

Ripening of Camembert-type cheese made from caprine milk using calf rennet or kid rennet as coagulant

Camembert-type cheese was made from caprine milk using either calf rennet or kid 'Grandine' rennet as coagulant. The pH of all cheeses increased throughout ripening and levels of pH 4.6-soluble nitrogen increased from 8.1 to 18.2% of total nitrogen (TN) and from 6.9 to 20% TN for the cheeses made using calf rennet and kid rennet, respectively. Degradation of β-casein, measured by urea–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and total and free amino acids were greater in the cheese made using kid rennet. Production of peptides, analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was slightly more extensive in the Camembert-type cheese made using calf rennet as coagulant. In general, a higher degree of proteolysis was found in Camembert-type cheese made from caprine milk using kid rennet than in cheese made using calf rennet as coagulant.     

Process Optimization for Soft Tofu

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum combinations of four factors, solids content of soy milk (10–14 °Brix), concentration of coagulant (0.25–0.41%, W/V), mixing temperature (75–91°C) and stirring time (5–25 sec) for producing soft tofu on a small pilot scale. Neither brittleness nor elasticity of the top part of tofu were influenced significantly by any factors. Yield was affected (p < 0.05) by soymilk solids content and coagulant concentration. Solids and protein content of tofu were affected (p < 0.05) by 3 factors except mixing temperature. Solids content of soy milk was the most important factor affecting texture. Optimum combinations were soymilk solids 11.8 to 12.3 °Brix, coagulant 0.27 to 0.32%, mixing temperatures 85 to 91°C, and stirring times 5 to 11.3 sec.