超微粉碎对苦荞多酚及抗氧化活性的影响研究

为评价超微粉碎对苦荞多酚及抗氧化活性的影响,分别采用Na NO2-Al(NO3)3法、Folin-Ciocalteu法与高效液相色谱法测定不同粒径苦荞微粉中黄酮、酚与芦丁的含量,DPPH自由基清除法、ABTS+·清除法、总抗氧化能力检测试剂盒评价其抗氧化能力,并分析了酚、黄酮、芦丁含量与抗氧化能力之间的相关性。结果表明:随着微粉化程度的增加,黄酮、酚、芦丁含量及抗氧化能力均呈现先减弱后增强的趋势,但减弱幅度较小,且微粉化程度较高时能较好的保留与提高多酚含量及增加抗氧化活性,对结合态芦丁含量影响不显著;苦荞粉中酚、黄酮、芦丁含量与抗氧化能力之间具有显著的相关性(P0.01)。超微粉碎是一种有效提升苦荞加工食用品质,释放苦荞多酚类植物活性成分的较好加工方式。     

高静压处理对苦荞多酚及抗氧化活性的影响

采用NaNO_2-Al(NO_3)_3法、Folin-Ciocalteu法与高效液相色谱法测定不同压力处理后苦荞中多酚、黄酮与芦丁的含量,用DPPH自由基法、ABTS+·法、总抗氧化能力检测试剂盒评价其抗氧化能力,并分析酚、黄酮、芦丁含量与抗氧化能力之间的相关性。结果表明:高静压处理能显著提高苦荞游离态和总多酚、黄酮、芦丁含量以及DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS+·清除能力,降低总抗氧化能力(P0.01)。随处理压力的增强,酚含量及抗氧化活性均呈下降趋势;苦荞中多酚、黄酮、芦丁含量变化与DPPH自由基清除能力,ABTS+·清除能力之间具有良好的相关性(P0.01或0.05),与总抗氧化能力的相关性较差。高静压技术是释放苦荞多酚类植物活性成分的一种有效加工方式。     

20种市售凉茶类植物饮料抗氧化性的比较研究

利用DPPH自由基清除实验、ORAC法和Fe3+还原能力实验,考察20种市售凉茶类植物饮料的抗氧化性。结果表明：20种凉茶在不同的抗氧化评价体系中均表现出不同程度的抗氧化能力。运用模糊评价理论建立的抗氧化综合评价模型表明,抗氧化综合评价值最高的5种凉茶类植物饮料皆为传统凉茶铺出售的凉茶。各凉茶试样的抗氧化综合评价值与总酚含量有一定的相关性,但线性关系不显著。     

番茄乙醇提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究两种番茄乙醇提取物在不同处理方式下的抗氧化能力.方法:本研究采用DPPH法对未加热和已加热的大番茄、樱桃番茄的抗氧化能力进行了测定比较,同时采用FRAP法对它们的总的抗氧化能力进行了测定比较.实验结果表明:(1)两种番茄乙醇提取物均具有较强的抗氧化能力;(2)樱桃番茄乙醇提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力以及总的抗氧化活性明显比大番茄强;(3)热处理使两种番茄乙醇提取物清除DPPH自由基能力和总抗氧化能力均增强.     

龙眼果皮及果核中植物多酚含量的测定及抗氧化能力研究

采用Folin-酚法对龙眼鲜果及干果的果皮、果核中植物多酚的含量进行测定;通过DPPH法、ABTS自由基清除法、Fe2+螯合法和Fe3+还原法等4种方法评价其提取物的抗氧化能力,分析其总酚类物质的含量和抗氧化能力的关系。结果表明:果皮总酚的含量鲜果(4.73%)远远大于干果(2.11%),果核中鲜果与干果的含量差别不大,分别为4.61%和3.41%。4种提取物均表现出良好的抗氧化能力,其中鲜果果核最强。为全面掌握龙眼果皮、果核中的多酚含量变化及抗氧化能力提供了科学依据。     

植物乳杆菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种菌体外抗氧化活性的对比研究

探讨了植物乳杆菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种完整细胞、无细胞提取物及灭活菌体的抗氧化活性.测定了两种乳酸DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)清除能力、羟自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子清除能力、抗脂质过氧化能力、还原能力和对金属离子的螯合能力,对比其抗氧化活性的差别.结果表明,植物乳杆茵的抗氧化活性优于保加利亚乳杆菌,这为综合利用植物乳杆菌提供了有利依据.     

3种不同产地灵芝子实体粗多糖体外抗氧化活性比较研究

采用2,2'-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除法、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除法、羟基自由基清除法和铁氰化钾法4种方法,分别对3种不同产地(安徽金寨、吉林通化、吉林蛟河)灵芝子实体粗多糖的体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,3种灵芝子实体粗多糖均具有抗氧化能力。安徽金寨灵芝子实体粗多糖对ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,其对应EC50值分别为1.50 mg/m L和2.09 mg/m L,同时也具有最强的总还原力;吉林通化灵芝子实体粗多糖对羟基自由基的清除能力最强,其EC50值是2.13 mg/m L;吉林蛟河灵芝子实体粗多糖的体外抗氧化活性均最低。因此,不同产地灵芝子实体粗多糖的抗氧化活性不同。     

不同干燥方式对刺梨多糖多糖含量及抗氧化活性的影响

目的比较3种不同的干燥方式对刺梨多糖的多糖含量及抗氧化活性的影响。方法采用3种不同干燥方包括热风干燥、冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥法干燥刺梨多糖,通过多糖含量、蛋白质含量、红外光谱分析对刺梨多糖的理化性质进行评价,并研究了其清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、羟基自由基和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS]自由基的能力。结果热风干燥多糖,冷冻干燥多糖和喷雾干燥多糖具有不同多糖含量和抗氧化活性。与热风干燥和冷冻干燥相比,喷雾干燥多糖具有更强的抗氧化能力。结论考虑到多糖的理化性质和抗氧化活性,喷雾干燥法是制备刺梨多糖的一种较好的方法,建议在食品工业中应用。     

燕麦提取物清除自由基及抑制低密度脂蛋白氧化能力研究

本研究用邻二氮菲法、NBT法和Cu2 诱导低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化法分别对燕麦β-葡聚糖和酚类提取物的·OH清除能力、O2-清除能力、LDL氧化抑制能力进行评价.结果显示,燕麦β-葡聚糖没有抗氧化能力,而燕麦酚类成分却具有较强的抗氧化能力和潜在的抗动脉粥样硬化能力.     

山杏果肉可溶性膳食纤维的抗氧化活性与红外光谱分析

对2种不同制备方法制得的山杏果肉可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的抗氧化活性进行了比较。文中通过对DPPH自由基清除能力,总还原能力,在邻二氮菲-Fe2+体系中清除羟基自由基能力,邻苯三酚自氧化法中清除超氧阴离子能力等的测定,评价了二者的抗氧化活性,并对其进行了红外光谱对比分析。结果表明:2种不同方法制备的山杏果肉可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)均具有一定的抗氧化活性,且复合酶酶解法制备的SDF较微生物法发酵液酶解法制备的抗氧化效果更好,由于水解程度不同导致二者在红外光谱吸收方面略有差别,吸收强度差别明显。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.