拉丝蛋白在鸡肉产品中的应用

以鸡胸肉为主要材料,制作一款成型产品柠檬鸡块。采用完全随机区组实验设计,研究了3种拉丝蛋白以不同比例替代鸡肉对产品感官品质、出成率和经济效益的影响。结果表明∶拉丝蛋白对鸡肉产品整体感官品质有一定的影响,且明显提高了产品出成率,对经济效益的提升具有很好的促进作用;拉丝蛋白在鸡肉产品中的应用最佳选择应为2#拉丝蛋白,50%替代量。     

鸡胸肉西式工艺加工探讨

鸡胸肉制品是以新鲜鸡大胸肉为原料,添加适量的调味料和辅料,经西式工艺的注射、滚揉、烟熏,蒸煮,烘烤成型、包装或散装形式在低温条件下保存、进入市场销售,直接食用或热处理的鸡肉产品。该产品是一种营养、方便、快捷的新型畜禽食品,可大批量生产,为未来鸡肉产品的深加工开辟了一条新路。     

2008年欧洲软包装市场销售额超过117亿欧元

英国PCI薄膜咨询公司公布的{2008年欧洲软包装市场报告》指出,2008年欧洲软包装市场的销售额超过117亿欧元,占全球软包装市场销售额的30％左右。其中．加工成型的软包装产品的销售额为103亿欧元,软包装材料的销售额超过14亿欧元。2008年,欧洲市场加工成型的软包装产品的出口额为9.09亿欧元（排除欧元升值因素,实际上出口额比2007年有所下降）,约占该类产品产值的88％;进口额达到2亿欧元,但仍不足欧洲市场加工成型的软包装产品销售额的2％。     

俄罗斯市场鸡肉当道，进口肉将受限

俄罗斯农业市场研究中心的统计数字，2004年，俄罗斯各种肉类产品的消费量下降了3％，为710万吨。而人均肉产品消费量为48-50千克。同时俄罗斯人的食肉结构也发生了变化，鸡肉由于价格低廉占据了消费榜首位。专家预测，这种趋势今年仍得以保留。另外，分析人士预计，在2010年之前该国肉类产品消费版块上鸡肉所占份额将达到45％，而进口产品则越来越少。     

香菇鸡肉灌肠的研制

以香菇、鸡肉和猪肉为主要原料,以大豆蛋白和淀粉等为辅料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对香菇鸡肉灌肠最佳配方进行研究。结果表明:产品的最佳配比是鸡肉添加量20%、大豆蛋白添加量4%、香菇添加量20%、淀粉添加量10%。     

骨糜重组鸡肉脯的研制

以卤制全鸡和新鲜鸡肉等为原料，经粉碎、斩拌混合、抹片、烘烤等工艺制成重组鸡肉脯。结果表明，主要成分最佳配比为：卤鸡肉58％，新鲜鸡肉29％，卤鸡骨糜8％，大豆分离蛋白2％，胡萝卜12％，调味品适量；最佳烘烤条件为：55～60℃，3～4h；130～150℃，5～10min二次烘烤。     

市售鸡肉产品的食源性致病微生物检测的研究

本文主要对莱阳市场上销售的各种鸡肉产品中病原性微生物的种类、污染程度、质量进行分析研究。通过对莱阳市四个鸡肉销售市场的五类鸡肉产品共20件样品的检测分析研究,市场上销售的五类鸡肉产品的细菌总数均小于106cfu/g,均未超出标准。检出沙门氏菌2株,检出亚利桑那菌2株,检出率分别为10%。检测的鸡肉产品中大肠杆菌污染较严重,20件检样中检出17件,检出率为85%。结果表明,超市销售的鸡肉产品的质量好于农贸市场。包装鸡肉产品的质量好于散装零售的。五类鸡肉产品中鸡翅的质量最好,鸡爪污染最严重。     

品种和部位对鸡肉原料特性及其加工性能影响的研究进展

鸡肉的营养价值和性价比较高,深受消费者青睐,在我国的消费量不断上升。但我国鸡肉消费主要以白条鸡和分割鸡肉产品为主,加工产品较少,深加工程度较低,相对于消费者对高品质鸡肉产品的需求处于滞后状态。本文综述了鸡肉的品种和部位对鸡肉的肌纤维特性、蛋白质与脂质组成、质地、色泽与水分等原料肉特性及保水性与凝胶特性等加工性能的影响,为合理选择鸡肉品种和部位,加工生产优质鸡肉产品提供理论依据。     

甜玉米保健灌肠工艺的研究

在灌肠过程中加入甜玉米能够改善灌肠风味,提高肠类的营养价值和保健功能.以猪肉、鸡肉、甜玉米为主要的原辅料,用葡萄糖代替白糖,通过正交试验得到甜玉米灌肠的最佳配方组合,猪肉:鸡肉=5:5;葡萄糖添加量0.4％,玉米淀粉为10％,甜玉米添加量12％.     

魔芋仿生鸡肉的研制

以魔芋多糖和大豆分离蛋白为主要原料,加入一定量的辅料和食品添加剂进行魔芋仿生鸡肉的研制。利用正交实验优选出了产品的最佳配方:魔芋多糖和大豆分离蛋白比例为3∶2,添加Na2CO32%、鸡肉抽提物10%,并配以适量的糯米粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、香料、色素,生产出风味、口感俱佳,营养丰富的魔芋仿生鸡肉。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.