无明矾薯类鲜湿粉条的加工工艺优化及其理化特性

为优化无明矾薯类鲜湿粉条的加工工艺,以混合薯类淀粉（马铃薯淀粉:木薯淀粉=1:1,m/m）为原料,以无明矾鲜湿粉条和0.30%明矾鲜湿粉条作为对照,探索了海藻酸钠添加量、成型时间、冷藏及冷冻时间等对无明矾薯类鲜湿粉条质构特性、水分含量及整体可接受性的影响规律;在此基础上,对比了不同老化方式对无明矾薯类鲜湿粉条断条时间、表观及微观结构（扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱、小角X射线散射）的影响。结果表明：添加1%海藻酸钠后,薯类鲜湿粉条的拉伸强度（2.86 g/mm2）、拉伸形变（63.88%）、剪切应力（39.89 g/mm2）、剪切形变（37.76%）、水分含量（60.40%）和整体可接受性与0.30%明矾粉条最为接近,说明1%海藻酸钠可作为明矾替代物来加工无明矾薯类鲜湿粉条;此外,无明矾薯类鲜湿粉条的加工工艺条件为成型时间1 min、4 ℃冷藏24 h,该条件下薯类鲜湿粉条的弹性和咀嚼性较好、断条时间显著延长、表观结构更为均匀。本研究结果可为无明矾薯类鲜湿粉条的产业化应用提供新的基础数据和理论依据。     

鲜湿马铃薯粉条中明矾替代物的筛选

为筛选鲜湿粉条生产中适宜的明矾替代物,以马铃薯淀粉为主要原料,采用挤压工艺加工鲜湿粉条,研究了8种添加剂对马铃薯淀粉凝胶特性、凝沉性和膨胀度的影响,并与明矾做对比,进而选择较优添加剂用以替代明矾,通过单因素与正交实验考察明矾替代物对粉条断条率和浑汤透光率的影响。结果表明:琼脂、卡拉胶和海藻酸钠可作为传统鲜湿马铃薯粉条加工中的明矾替代物,且当琼脂添加量为0.6%,卡拉胶添加量为0.4%,海藻酸钠添加量为0.8%时,生产所得粉条断条率为0%,浑汤透光率为93.20%,且感官评分与质构特性均接近于添加0.527%明矾的粉条。本研究结果为无明矾鲜湿马铃薯粉条的生产加工提供新的数据支撑。     

鲜湿马铃薯粉条中明矾替代物的筛选研究

为筛选鲜湿粉条生产中适宜的明矾替代物,本研究以马铃薯淀粉为主要原料,采用挤压工艺加工鲜湿粉条,研究了8种添加剂对马铃薯淀粉凝胶特性、凝沉性和膨胀度的影响,并与钾明矾做对比,进而选择较优添加剂用以替代明矾,通过单因素与正交实验考察明矾替代物对粉条断条率和浑汤透光率的影响。结果表明：琼脂、卡拉胶和海藻酸钠可作为传统鲜湿马铃薯粉条加工中的明矾替代物,且当琼脂添加量为0.6%,卡拉胶添加量为0.4%,海藻酸钠添加量为0.8%时,生产所得粉条断条率为0%,浑汤透光率为93.20%,且感官评分与质构特性均接近于添加0.527%钾明矾的粉条。本研究结果为无明矾鲜湿马铃薯粉条的生产加工提供新的数据支撑。     

葛根-山药复合功能性鲜湿薯类粉条工艺研究

目的 探究葛根、山药不同添加量对鲜湿薯类粉条品质的影响，加工一种功能性鲜湿薯类粉条。方法 使用白度测定仪、混合试验仪、数字粘度计等探究葛根粉、山药粉添加量对混合粉白度、吸水率、糊化老化特性、粘度等的影响；在此基础上，以感官评价和弹性为响应值，采用单因素和Box-Behnken响应面试验优化得出葛根-山药复合功能性鲜湿薯类粉条最佳加工工艺，并通过体外消化模型研究葛根-山药复合鲜湿薯类粉条的血糖生成指数。结果 随着葛根粉含量增加，混合粉水分含量、吸水率、白度值下降，糊化粘度增大，粉团糊化特性逐渐下降；鲜湿薯类粉条感官评价结果、硬度、粘性、弹性和回复性均先升高后降低。随着山药粉含量增加，混合粉水分含量和白度值下降，吸水率上升，糊化粘度减小，粉团糊化特性下降，延缓粉团淀粉回生；鲜湿薯类粉条感官评价结果先升高后降低，硬度增大，粘性、弹性和回复性均减小。水分添加量为53%时感官评分最高，粉条口感好，组织状态好。响应面试验得出鲜湿薯类粉条最佳工艺条件为葛根粉添加量13%，山药粉添加量4%，水添加量53%。该配方下制备的鲜湿薯类粉条感官评分为92.97±0.36，弹性为0.911±0.01，GI比空白样降低13.1。结论 在最佳工艺条件下制作的葛根-山药复合鲜湿薯类粉条，具有葛根和山药风味，感官品质好，口感爽滑，抗老化特性得到一定改善，血糖生成指数降低，为鲜湿薯类粉条企业生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

薯类粉条粉丝加工中明矾替代物的研究进展

寻求安全性高、成本低、使用效果明显的明矾替代物是薯类淀粉粉条、粉丝加工中亟待解决的主要问题。介绍了沙蒿胶、魔芋胶、海藻胶、变性淀粉等增稠剂以及食盐、苯甲酸钠等盐类及其复配使用作为明矾替代物对薯类淀粉粉条、粉丝质量的改善作用及其作用机理。     

薯类系列加工技术

薯类系列加工技术薯类淀粉、粉条加工技术该技术将鲜薯（甘薯、马铃薯、芭蕉芋等）加工成优质淀粉，其特点是淀粉提取率高达７０％以上，质量好。粉条生产采用新型外加温自熟式粉条机，可将薯类、豆类、玉米、大米等的干、鲜淀粉一次性加工成不同规格的圆、片粉条。配合新...     

机制粉条加工工艺与物料的运动分析

机制粉条加工工艺与物料的运动分析吕章全河北承德市农机化研究所我国是世界上马铃薯、红薯的主要产地。薯类淀粉粉条是我国人民喜爱的一种传统淀粉制品，也是农民获得经济收入的初级加工产品。随着人民生活水平的提高和粉条需求量的不断增加，粉条的生产方式由传统的小作...     

新型玉米淀粉粉条增筋剂

新型玉米淀粉粉条增筋剂吴立根王岸娜张子武（河南省农科院加工所，郑州４５０００２）１前言随着农村经济的发展，粉条加工逐渐在农村形成了一种产业。粉条加工的原料来源较广，有豆类淀粉、薯类淀粉、谷类淀粉，以豆类淀粉、薯类淀粉为原料相对来说成本稍高。故不少地方...     

纯玉米粉条加工用辅助剂

粉条,是我国人民所喜好的家常食品之一。粉条的加工历来以豆类、薯类淀粉为原料。过     

营养健康型薯类食品加工与副产物高值化利用研发进展

我国薯类(甘薯、马铃薯)资源丰富,营养价值全球公认。目前,甘薯和马铃薯主要用于加工淀粉、粉丝、粉条、全粉等,产品种类较少、营养价值单一,同其他发达国家相比还有较大差距。国内外研究学者围绕薯类精深加工开展了大量工作,也取得了一定的成绩。本文在分析我国薯类加工业存在问题的基础上,重点对薯类制品原料粉、营养健康型薯类制品及副产物高值化利用的研发进展进行概述,并展望了我国薯类加工业的发展趋势,以期为我国薯类加工产业的健康、可持续发展提供一定的理论依据。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status