QuEChERS-气相色谱质谱法测定苹果中45种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS-气相色谱质谱法同时测定苹果中45种农药残留检测方法,样品以1%乙酸乙腈提取,经25 mg PSA、25 mg C₁₈和7.5 mg GCB净化,GC-MS选择离子监测(SIM)模式下检测,基质匹配外标法定量。检测结果表明,45种农药在10~200 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,各农药的线性相关系数均大于0.995;在30、50和100 μg/kg添加水平下,45种农药的回收率在69.3%~116%之间,相对标准偏差在0.7%~7.9%之间;方法的检出限在1.5~15.0 μg/kg之间,定量限在5.0~50.0 μg/kg之间。该方法准确度高、精密度好、步骤简单、操作快捷、成本低廉,适用于苹果中农药残留的检测。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化系统与气相色谱-串联质谱法检测5种食品中14种有机磷和7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立GPC与GC-MS/MS测定5种食品中14种有机磷和7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法,初步分析GPC净化技术及MS/MS分析技术在食品农药多残留分析的优势。方法 用GPC作为样品前处理方法,处理韭菜、大白菜、辣椒、猪肉、鱼肉五种食品,用 GC-MS/MS检测并进行定性、定量分析。结果 GPC与GC-MS-MS检测食品中14种有机磷和7种拟除虫菊酯类农药方法的线性相关系数r＞0.995,定量限为0.002～0.034 mg/kg,对韭菜、猪肉样品按0.05、0.10、0.20 mg/kg三组水平加标测试,方法精密度RSD%为2.9～10.2%,回收率为78.6～108.3%。结论 本方法检测样品范围广、灵敏度高、定性可靠、定量准确,适合多种类食品中农药多残留分析。     

三重四极杆气相色谱质谱联用法测定茶叶中31种农药残留

目的 建立一种简便、快速、安全、价格低廉的三重四级杆气相色谱质谱联用仪法(QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS)测定茶叶中的31种农药残留的分析方法。方法 以0.5%的乙酸-乙腈(v/v)溶液作为溶剂,以加入无水硫酸镁、醋酸钠进行浸提,浸提后用硅酸镁、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷化硅胶(PSA)、C18和石墨化炭黑(GCB)净化试剂净化,净化液用氮吹仪浓缩至干,用0.5%的乙酸-乙腈定容至,采用内标法定量,气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS/MS)同时测定31种农药残留。结果 31中农药的线性相关系数达到0.999以上,检测限(LOD)为0.01~0.05mg/kg。同时采用红茶和绿茶作为基质本底, 用加标回收评价了该方法的精密度和重现性,31种农药的平均回收率为85%-105%,相对标准偏差为0%-10%。结论 该方法操作简便快捷、检测成本低,方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度符合茶叶中农药残留测定的技术要求。 关键词: QuEChERS; 三重四级杆气相色谱质谱联用仪; 农药残留; 茶叶     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茉莉花茶中86种农药残留

以QuEChERS（Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,Safe）法为前处理技术,优化净化吸附剂组合和用量,改进净化方式,并以气相色谱-串联质谱（gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS）法为检测手段,建立茉莉花茶中86 种农药残留筛查检测方法。样品用乙腈提取,提取液经饱和的氯化钠溶液萃取,取有机相,转移至装有混合吸附剂和有机滤膜的针筒中完成净化与过滤,GC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。86 种农药线性范围在5～400 μg/kg之间线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）在0.98以上,方法定量限为0.1～8.0 μg/kg。当添加水平为80 μg/kg时,91.8%的农药平均加标回收率在70.1%～116.0%之间,相对标准偏差为1.9%～11.4%。     

气相色谱-质谱法检测干辣椒中常用有机磷和 拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留

建立了气相色谱质谱法同时测定干辣椒中常用有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类农药的测定方法,样品采用乙腈-水提取,经凝胶色谱仪净化去除大分子色素及杂质,再经过石墨化炭黑-氨基SPE柱净化,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪(EI源)检测,内标法定量。在添加水平为0.05~0.5mg/kg下的平均回收率为71.6%~116.4%,相对标准偏差在2.3%~10.8%之间,样品最低检出限为0.01~0.05mg/kg。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定茶叶中21种农药残留

该实验建立了茶叶中21种农药残留的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）多反应监测模式（MRM）定性、定量分析检测方法,探讨不同 提取方法、提取溶剂、浓缩方式等试验因素对茶叶农药多残留测定结果的影响。 结果表明,以正己烷-丙酮（1∶1,V/V）混合溶剂超声提 取、氮吹浓缩,用气相色谱-质谱法对茶叶样品中21种农药进行定性定量检测,21种农药在0.05～1.00 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性 关系,相关系数（R2）为0.998 0～0.999 9。 在茶叶样品中分别添加质量浓度0.05 mg/kg、0.20 mg/kg、0.40 mg/kg的农药组分,平均回收率 为83.46%～92.13%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为4.88%～8.51%,检出限为0.002 7～0.021 9 mg/kg,该方法具有前处理简便快捷、灵敏度 高、成本低等优点,在实际茶叶农药残留检测中得到了广泛应用,能满足日常的茶叶农药残留检测。     

茶叶中10种农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱法和气相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了茶叶中啶虫脒、乐果、吡虫啉、灭多威、甲基嘧啶磷、腐霉利共6种农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法和溴氰菊酯、乐果、高效氯氟氰菊酯、p,p'-滴滴伊、甲基嘧啶磷、腐霉利、哒螨灵共7种农药残留的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定方法。其中,乐果、甲基嘧啶磷和腐霉利三种农药均能通过两种方法测定。LC-MS/MS法测定的6种农药,在5~200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.995),在10、50、100 μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为70.0%~105.0%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~18.7%。GC-MS/MS法测定的7种农药,在10~500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.996),在10、50、300 μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为82.0%~110.0%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~12.0%。该方法完善了茶叶中10种农药残留检测方法针对实际样品的检测,灵敏度满足国外限量标准要求,适合出口茶叶中农药残留的测定。     

脂质去除分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱测定鸡蛋中62 种农药残留

采用脂质去除分散固相萃取进行前处理建立鸡蛋中62 种农药残留筛查的气相色谱-串联质谱（gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS）检测方法。经过条件优化后,样品用10 mL 1%乙酸-乙腈和5 mL水提取,提取液经氯化钠盐析后取有机相,最后将有机相转移至增强型脂质去除（EMR-Lipid）分散固相萃取净化管中净化并高速离心,GC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。62 种农药在5～400 μg/L范围之间线性关系良好,相关系数（R）在0.95以上,其中59 种农药的检出限为0.5～5.0 μg/kg,定量限为1.0～20.0 μg/kg。鸡蛋中62 种农药使用EMR-Lipid分散固相萃取净化管去除脂质后的回收率和重复性结果都优于直接经过固相萃取净化管的结果,添加量为100 μg/kg时,98.4%的农药平均加标回收率为70.7%～117.2%,相对标准偏差为0.3%～10.9%。基质效应研究表明,62 种农药中仅20 种农药为弱基质效应,检测结果均需要通过基质标准溶液进行校正。该方法成功应用于实际样品分析。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱-质谱法测定土豆中109种农药残留

建立土豆中109种农药残留的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。方法 土豆样品以乙腈提取后,经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)分散固相萃取净化(d-SPE),采用电子轰击电离源(EI)和负化学电离源(NCI)两种电离模式进行GC-MS测定。结果 各农药的定量限在0.001～0.010 mg/kg之间,对空白土豆样品的平均加标回收率为72.7%～118.7%,RSD在1.1%～17.3%之间。在EI模式下,土豆基质对绝大多数农药具有明显的基质效应,因此采用基质匹配标准曲线进行定量分析。应用此方法对欧盟农药残留参比实验室组织的国际比对考核的土豆样品进行定性筛查和定量测定,共检测出13种农药残留,含量范围在0.002～1.669 mg/kg之间,所提交的测定结果的Z评分值在-1.00～1.00之间。结论 本方法简便快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于农产品中农药多残留的分析。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查胡椒粉中多种农药残留

建立高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱快速筛查胡椒粉中169 种农药残留的分析方法。样品采用0.1%乙酸溶液浸泡,乙腈溶液提取,C18和Florisil吸附剂净化,净化液采用C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm）分离,以5 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下检测,基质匹配外标法定量,同时建立169 种农药的一级精确质量数据库和二级碎片质谱库,实现胡椒粉样品中多目标农残的快速定性定量分析。方法验证结果表明,在5～100 ng/mL质量浓度范围内,136 种化合物线性关系良好（R2＞0.95）,可进行定量分析,另外33 种化合物可进行定性分析;在3 个加标水平下胡椒粉样品的回收率为26%～140%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～36.0%。该方法操作简便、耗时短,适用于胡椒粉样品中高通量农药残留的快速筛查与定量分析,具有实际应用价值。     

气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法同时测定农药中32种隐性添加成分

目的 建立气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法(gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)对农药制剂中32种隐性添加农药成分的分析方法。方法 样品采用丙酮直接提取, 正己烷定容, 内标法定量, 气相色谱-串联质谱仪检测。结果 32种农药的平均添加回收率为71.51%~100.88%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为1.36%~7.43%, 检出限为0.03%~0.17%, 定量限为0.1%~0.5%。采用建立的方法对抽检的农药产品进行检测, 结果表明部分农药中检出隐性成分, 在0.5%的苦参碱水剂中检出1.6%的氰戊菊酯, 在5%的高效氯氟氰菊酯中检出3.5%的氟虫腈。结论 该方法高效、准确, 可用于同时测定农药中的32种隐性添加农药成分。     

Multi-residue method for the determination of 450 pesticide residues in honey, fruit juice and wine by double-cartridge solid-phase extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A multi-residue method was developed for the determination of 450 pesticide residues in honey, fruit juice and wine using double-cartridge solid-phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The method development was based on an appraisal of the characteristics of GC-MS and LC-MS-MS for 654 pesticides as well as the efficiency of extraction and purification from honey, fruit juice and wine. Samples were first diluted with water plus acetone, then extracted with portions of dichloromethane. The extracts were concentrated and cleaned up with graphitized carbon black and aminopropyl cartridges stacked in tandem. Pesticides were eluted with acetonitrile + toluene, and the eluates were concentrated. For 383 pesticides, the eluate was extracted with hexane twice and internal standard solution was added prior to GC-MS determination. For 67 pesticides, extraction was with methanol prior to LC-MS-MS determination. The limit of detection for the method was between 1.0 and 300 ng g^-1 depending on each pesticide analyte. At the three fortification levels of 2.0-3000 ng g^-1, the average recovery rates were between 59 and 123%, among which 413 pesticides (92% of the 450) had recovery rates of 70-120% and 35 pesticides (8% of the 450) had recovery rates of 59-70%. There were 437 pesticides (97% of the 450) with a relative standard deviation below 25%; there were 13 varieties (3% of the 450) between 25.0 and 30.4%.     

晒青毛茶中37种除草剂农药残留气相色谱-串联质谱测定

目的采用气相色谱-串联质谱建立晒青毛茶中37种除草剂残留量的检测方法。方法茶叶样品经乙腈过夜浸泡、常温常压振摇提取后,采用商品化固相萃取柱(solid phase extraction column, SPE)小柱净化、浓缩,以环氧七氯为内标、正己烷定容,气相色谱-串联质谱(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)在多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式下对37种除草剂进行定性、定量分析。通过检出限、定量限、加标回收率、线性范围验证方法的可行性。结果 37种农药在0.025～0.8 mg/L范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r~2均大于0.995;方法的检出限和定量限范围分别为0.0007～0.05mg/kg和0.002～0.09 mg/kg;在0.025、0.05、0.1 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,其加标回收率为72.4%～109.8%,相对标准偏差均小于8%。结论该方法检出限、定量性、精密度、准确性和回收率均满足茶叶中除草剂农药残留测定的要求。     

液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法测定苹果中 腈苯唑农药残留

目的 为加强我国苹果中腈苯唑农药残留的监控,保护我国苹果在国际贸易中的合理地位,建立了苹果中腈苯唑的液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。方法 样品经乙腈提取,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱下进行测定。结果 目标物在0.005~0.50 mg/L范围内成线性,相关系数r>0.99,空白样品中分析物在添加浓度为0.01、0.02、0.05 mg/kg时,平均回收率为89.6%~93.0%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~7.9%,定量限为0.01 mg/kg。结论 本方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确度好,能满足农残检测分析的要求。     

Pesticide residues in grapes from vineyards included in integrated pest management in Slovenia

Although the list of pesticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) in grape growing and their annual application rates are limited, we are still confronted with the problem of pesticide residues in grapes. This paper presents the results of pesticide monitoring of 47 samples of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) from the 2006 vintage from vineyards included in IPM. The grape samples were analysed for the presence of 67 pesticides. Among them 20 were allowed in IPM in 2006. Grapes were sampled at harvest. Two internal analytical methods were used for the determination of pesticides: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of dithiocarbamates and a multi-residue GC-MS method. One grape sample (2.1%) contained no residues or they were below the limit of detection, 28 samples (59.6%) contained residues lower or equal than maximum residue levels (MRLs), and 18 samples (38.3%) exceeded national MRLs for cyprodinil (the concentration range was 0.03-0.40 mg kg^-1 of cyprodinil) and fludioxonil (concentration was 0.03 mg kg^-1 of fludioxonil). Multiple residues were found in 41 samples (87.2%). The highest number of pesticides detected per sample was seven. No violation of pesticides allowed in IPM was observed. Folpet (97.9%), cyprodinil (51.1%), dithiocarbamates (44.7%), chlorothalonil (23.4%), chlorpyriphos (19.1%) and pyrimethanil (14.9%) were the most frequently found pesticides in grapes. Risk assessment showed that the exceeded concentrations of cyprodinil and fludioxonil did not represent any risk for consumer's health (the national estimate of short-term intake as a percentage of the acceptable daily intake was below 100%).     

Pesticide residues in grapes from vineyards included in integrated pest management in Slovenia

Although the list of pesticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) in grape growing and their annual application rates are limited, we are still confronted with the problem of pesticide residues in grapes. This paper presents the results of pesticide monitoring of 47 samples of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) from the 2006 vintage from vineyards included in IPM. The grape samples were analysed for the presence of 67 pesticides. Among them 20 were allowed in IPM in 2006. Grapes were sampled at harvest. Two internal analytical methods were used for the determination of pesticides: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of dithiocarbamates and a multi-residue GC-MS method. One grape sample (2.1%) contained no residues or they were below the limit of detection, 28 samples (59.6%) contained residues lower or equal than maximum residue levels (MRLs), and 18 samples (38.3%) exceeded national MRLs for cyprodinil (the concentration range was 0.03–0.40 mg kg^?1 of cyprodinil) and fludioxonil (concentration was 0.03 mg kg^?1 of fludioxonil). Multiple residues were found in 41 samples (87.2%). The highest number of pesticides detected per sample was seven. No violation of pesticides allowed in IPM was observed. Folpet (97.9%), cyprodinil (51.1%), dithiocarbamates (44.7%), chlorothalonil (23.4%), chlorpyriphos (19.1%) and pyrimethanil (14.9%) were the most frequently found pesticides in grapes. Risk assessment showed that the exceeded concentrations of cyprodinil and fludioxonil did not represent any risk for consumer's health (the national estimate of short-term intake as a percentage of the acceptable daily intake was below 100%).     

New clean-up method with dispersive solid-phase extraction for simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in livestock products by GC-MS/MS

A simple clean-up method was developed for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in livestock products by GC-MS/MS. The pesticide residues were extracted with acetonitrile-ethanol (1 : 1), and matrix components such as adipose were effectively eliminated by a combination of refrigerated centrifugation, dispersive solid-phase extraction, and multifunctional column chromatography. In this method, samples are treated quickly and easily without the need for gel-permeation chromatography. Among 131 pesticides tested, 115 showed recovery within the range from 70 to 120%, with relative standard deviations of less than 15%. The quantification limits for the 115 pesticides in livestock products were 0.001 to 0.01 μg/g.     

基于QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS法同时测定猕猴桃中15种有机磷农药残留

建立改良的QuEChERS方法结合气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）法同时检测猕猴桃中15种有机磷农药残留的分析方法。样品前处理采用改进的QuEChERS方法,乙腈-乙酸乙酯（1∶1,V/V）作为提取溶剂,经100 mg乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）、200 mg十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶（C18）、40 mg石墨化碳黑（GCB）、300 mg无水硫酸镁固相分散净化,用GC-MS/MS法在多反应监测（MRM）模式下分析检测,内标法定量。结果表明,15种有机磷农药在质量浓度0.05～1.00 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2均＞0.998,方法检出限为0.001 2～0.326 5 μg/kg,定量限为0.004～1.088 μg/kg;其平均加标回收率为76.95%～101.2%,精密度试验结果的相对标准偏差（RSD）（n=6）为0.21%～10.05%。该方法具有净化效果好、重复性强、灵敏度高等优势,适用于猕猴桃样品中多种农药残留的同时检测。     

MSPD-GPC净化GC-ECD法测定辣椒酱中8 种有机氯农药残留分析

建立辣椒酱样品中8 种有机氯农药多残留的基质固相分散法-凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱-电子捕获检测器 分析方法。辣椒酱样品首先经基质固相分散法除去大部分油脂和色素等大分子干扰基质后,再通过凝胶渗透色谱进 一步净化,应用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行检测。结果表明：测定辣椒酱中8 种有机氯农药的标准曲线相关系数 为0.999 1～0.999 6,加标回收率均在74.58%～102.86%之间,日内相对标准偏差均小于5.45%（n=5）,方法检出限 为0. 40～1.20 μg/kg。该方法具有检出限低、灵敏度高、快速、准确的特点,可适用于辣椒食品中多种有机氯农药 残留同时检测。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定粮谷中的51 种农药残留

为建立用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪检测进出口粮谷中51 种农药残留的方法,通过考察不同加速溶剂萃取温度和萃取试剂的实验效果,建立了最优加速溶剂萃取条件,分别以高粱和大麦为研究基质,比较了3 种净化方式的净化效果,通过气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪有效解决了粮谷中多农药残留检测的问题,在系统优化的基础上建立了高粱中多种农药残留检测方法,并用大麦和燕麦其他的粮谷基质考察检测方法的适应性,同时对3 个添加水平6 个高粱、大麦、燕麦平行样品分析,该方法的回收率为62.4%～119.7%,相对标准偏差为0.5%～17.3%,检出限为0.03～2.07 μg/kg,方法相关指标均满足检测要求,适用于粮谷中农药残留高通量检测需要。