酿酒废弃物资源化利用研究进展

酿酒废弃物(俗称丢糟)是白酒生产后产生的一般固体废弃物,是白酒行业产量最大的副产品。我国目前丢糟产量巨大,实现丢糟资源化利用对白酒行业有着重要的发展意义。本文综述了丢糟资源化利用途径的现状和进展,包括丢糟能源化利用技术、丢糟生产饲料技术、生产有机肥、食品工业生产技术和提取有效成分等途径。对现有各项常用丢糟处理技术的优缺点进行简要概述,并对丢糟处理技术未来发展方向进行了展望,为实现丢糟的资源化利用提供参考。     

利用固态白酒丢糟生产饲料和有机肥的研究

丢糟是白酒行业的主要废弃物之一,存在较大的污染隐患。对丢糟进行合理的资源化利用,不仅可以减少污染,还可以为企业和社会带来一定的经济效益。通过查阅文献,对目前固态白酒生产所产生的丢糟的资源化利用的部分研究,进行了分析和总结,为国井集团白酒酿造产业的循环经济之路提供一定的技术参考。     

中国传统白酒酿造丢糟资源循环利用研究进展

中国传统白酒酿造产业主要副产物为蒸馏提取残留物丢糟,丢糟资源化再利用不仅可以解决环境污染压力,也能充分利用丢糟价值,实现企业生态、循环、可持续发展。综述近年来丢糟资源利用最新研究报告,为践行低碳循环经济,拓展白酒产业链副产物资源化利用途径提供参考。     

白酒丢糟制备有机肥的研究进展

丢糟是白酒生产过程中的副产物,营养丰富但却难以储存和高效利用。如何合理的处理丢糟已经成为了白酒行业亟需解决的棘手问题,关系到整个行业的可持续发展。在处理白酒丢糟的方式中,利用好氧堆肥技术将丢糟发酵为有机肥具有安全环保、操作简单的优势,目前已经成为了新的研究热点。该文综述了近年来白酒丢糟生产有机肥的堆肥工艺研究进展和丢糟有机肥的应用前景,并将丢糟和常见堆肥原料进行了比较,总结了白酒丢糟生产有机肥的优缺点,并对其堆肥工艺的改进提出建议,最后展望了利用白酒丢糟生产有机肥的进一步研究方向。     

酿造丢糟综合利用的研究进展

醋糟与白酒丢糟是酿造行业的大宗副废物,因其数量大、缺乏合理有效的利用而随意丢弃,容易造成环境污染。如何高值化利用酿造行业的发酵副产物,做到酿造丢糟的零排放,实现变废为宝,已日益受到国内外科学研究者重视,特别是实现发酵产业形成合理的生态产业链及副产物资源化高效利用模式。在利用生物工程、发酵工程等技术的基础上,转化利用酿造丢糟生产饲料、食醋、白酒、食用菌、粗酶液等方面,对利用酿造丢糟技术的研究进展进行阐述。多方位利用酿造丢糟已成为食品综合开发领域的一个亮点,正在朝着多元化、深层次的方向发展。     

专利介绍（8则）

专利名称：利用小曲固态白酒丢糟生产的酸味调味酒 专利申请号：CN201010136400.7 公开号：CN101805680A 申请日：2010.03.30公开日：2010.08.18 申请人：重庆市江津酒厂（集团）有限公司 本发明涉及一种利用小曲固态白酒丢糟生产的酸味调味酒,是将小曲白酒丢糟经糖化发酵和蒸馏后制得。利用小曲固态白酒丢糟生产酸味调味酒用于小曲白酒勾兑中的调酸,不但节约了粮食,降低了小曲白酒的生产成本,而且使白酒的质量得以提高。     

固态酿造废弃物规模化利用研究

丢糟和酿造废水是白酒行业最主要废弃物,存在较大的污染隐患。对这些废弃物进行合理的资源化利用不仅减少环境污染,又可以为社会和企业带来经济效益。本文对目前白酒行业中丢糟和酿造废水规模化的资源利用措施进行了分析和总结,为拓宽白酒行业的循环经济之路提供一定的参考。     

一株生产固态白酒丢糟菌体饲料的酵母菌筛选

从贵州某白酒企业生产过程中分离得到1株丢糟中繁殖能力强的菌株IS516.将该菌株接种到未灭菌的固态白酒丢糟中培养,结果表明,该菌株能充分利用固态白酒丢糟,5d便可繁殖至×1012cfu/mL,将固态白酒丢糟转化为高蛋白饲料和酵母菌剂,实现清洁生产和资源的循环利用.经26S rDNA分子克隆测定,该菌株为酿酒酵母属(Saccharomyces cerevisiae).     

耐高温酵母的筛选及在丢糟酒中的应用

中国白酒行业每年产生大量的丢糟,利用丢糟生产丢糟酒具有一定经济价值.本研究为了筛选优良酵母生产丢糟酒,利用五种不同培养基从酱香酒醅和大曲中共分离82株酵母.通过高温筛选、TTC法和发酵试验,选出一株耐47℃高温产香强的P2应用于生产丢糟酒.经形态学和26S rDNA鉴定,P2为异常威克汉姆酵母(Wickerhamomy...     

应用TH－AADY和大曲酒丢糟生产一楂清大曲白酒的研究

应用ＴＨ－ＡＡＤＹ和大曲酒丢糟生产一楂清大曲白酒的研究张严洪安徽省长丰县酒厂（２３１１００）关键词白酒，大曲酒丢糟，ＴＨ－ＡＡＤＹ，糖化酶我厂白酒生产，一直利用优质大曲酒丢糟配醅，以提高白酒的产量和档次。夏季气温高，由于优曲丢糟中的酸度较大，配醅时造...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.