复合保鲜剂对鲜切苹果贮藏品质的影响

以鲜切苹果为试材,研究不同浓度柠檬酸、壳聚糖及D-异抗坏血酸钠(D-sodium erythorbate,D-SE)复合保鲜剂处理5 min,4℃贮藏期间鲜切苹果贮藏品质特性的变化规律。结果表明:复合保鲜剂处理组可保持鲜切苹果感官品质、抑制鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶(PPO)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性,对鲜切苹果有较好的保鲜效果;1.0%柠檬酸+0.5%壳聚糖+1.0%D-异抗坏血酸钠溶液处理组优于其他处理组,能在4℃贮藏12 d内保持鲜切苹果外观品质与食用品质品质,有效抑制鲜切苹果果肉褐变,延缓硬度和TSS含量降低速率,降低与褐变有关的多酚氧化酶(PPO)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性。     

复合保鲜剂对鲜切苹果贮藏品质影响的研究

以鲜切红富士苹果为试材,通过感官评分及失重率进行正交实验研究,由柠檬酸、壳聚糖及D-异抗坏血酸钠(D-sodium erythorbate-S,DE)组成的复合保鲜剂对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果。结果表明:三种试剂组成的复合保鲜剂最佳配方为1.0%柠檬酸+0.5%壳聚糖+1.0%D-异抗坏血酸钠;4℃贮藏12d最佳复合保鲜剂处理组能有效保持鲜切苹果感官品质,延缓鲜切苹果果肉褐变程度,抑制鲜切苹果硬度降低和减缓TSS含量下降速率,降低与褐变有关的多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase(PPO))及过氧化物酶(peroxidase(POD))活性。     

壳聚糖涂膜对鲜切苹果贮藏品质的影响

为研究壳聚糖涂膜对鲜切苹果贮藏品质的影响,将鲜切寒富苹果分别用质量分数0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的壳聚糖浸泡3 min后沥干,用0.11 mm厚度的PE保鲜膜包装后置于4 ℃冷库中贮藏,每2 d测定与成熟衰老相关的生理生化指标。结果表明,适当质量分数的壳聚糖涂膜可保持苹果切块的感官品质、延缓营养物质下降、抑制微生物的繁殖,对鲜切苹果有较好的护色效果;壳聚糖涂膜也能较好地抑制多酚氧化酶活性,提高过氧化物酶活性。在研究的3 种质量分数中,1.0%壳聚糖处理对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果最好,能在4 ℃冷库12 d贮藏期中维持鲜切苹果的较好品质。     

复合保鲜剂对鲜切香蕉贮藏品质的影响

以市售八成熟香蕉为试材,研究柠檬酸、壳聚糖、D-异抗化血酸钠(D-sodium erythorbate,D-SE)复合保鲜剂处理5min后,4℃贮藏期间鲜切香蕉贮藏品质的变化规律。结果表明:与对照组相比,复合保鲜剂处理组能显著减缓鲜切香蕉失重率、褐变速率,同时还能抑制鲜切香蕉多酚氧化酶(PPO)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性,减缓鲜切香蕉亮度下降趋势,有利于保持鲜切香蕉外观品质和营养价值。综合鲜切香蕉在储藏期内的理化品质指标,复合保鲜剂处理组效果明显优于对照组,而1.0%柠檬酸+2.0%壳聚糖+2.0%D-SE组合处理效果显著比其他处理组效果好,2.0%柠檬酸+1.0%壳聚糖+2.0%D-SE组合次之,对照组保鲜鲜切香蕉的效果最差。     

护色剂对鲜切莴笋褐变的影响

运用正交试验方法确定最佳护色配方,研究其对鲜切莴笋贮藏期间品质变化的影响.结果表明,在鲜切莴笋贮藏过程中,用0.4%半胱氨酸、0.6%柠檬酸、0.7%抗坏血酸、1.5% 氯化钙的复合护色液浸泡8 min,能有效的抑制鲜切莴笋褐变,抑制PPO活性,提高鲜切莴笋的感官品质.     

鲜切奉化芋艿褐变控制的研究

鲜切奉化芋艿容易发生褐变而丢失原有营养成分.因此对鲜切奉化芋艿采用抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、壳聚糖、氯化钙褐变抑制剂护色处理,并贮藏于4 ℃下.贮藏期间定期测定鲜切芋艿褐变度(BD)、多酚氧化酶活性(PPO).试验结果表明,鲜切芋艿在冷藏期间BD值随时间延长有增加趋势.抑制剂处理与空白组相比较,能有效抑制褐变和降低PPO活力.且4种保鲜剂单一因素抑制褐变情况和降低PPO活力效果一致,效果顺序为壳聚糖>抗坏血酸>柠檬酸>氯化钙.且单一抑制剂处理最佳浓度为:壳聚糖为0.5%、抗坏血酸为2.0%、柠檬酸为2.5%、氯化钙为0.2%.     

蜂胶涂膜对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果

分别以浓度0.00%,0.25%,0.50%,0.75%的水溶性蜂胶与1.50%的壳聚糖、1.00%的氯化钙配制复合涂膜剂,对鲜切苹果进行涂膜处理,检测鲜切苹果在不同时期失重率、褐变度、可滴定酸含量、抗坏血酸含量和硬度等指标,以探究蜂胶对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果。结果表明:加入0.50%水溶性蜂胶的鲜切苹果处理组对硬度和可滴定酸有较好的保鲜效果,加入0.75%水溶性蜂胶的处理组对失重率、褐变度和抗坏血酸含量有较好的保鲜效果,而涂膜剂中加入水溶性蜂胶对鲜切苹果的菌落总数有一定负面影响。涂膜剂中加入适量的水溶性蜂胶对鲜切苹果短期内的贮藏品质保持有促进作用。     

柠檬酸处理对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果

为研究柠檬酸处理对鲜切苹果品质的影响,将鲜切‘寒富’苹果分别放入0.5%、1.0%、1.5%柠檬酸溶液中浸泡2 min后沥干,用0.11 mm厚度的聚乙烯保鲜膜包装后置于4 ℃冷库中贮藏,每2 d检测与成熟衰老相关生理生化指标。结果表明,适当质量分数的柠檬酸处理可保持苹果切块的感官品质,延缓营养物质的下降,抑制微生物的繁殖,对鲜切苹果有较好的护色效果;1.5%柠檬酸溶液浸泡处理能在8 d贮藏期内4 ℃冷藏条件下保持着鲜切苹果的良好品质,能有效延迟果肉褐化进程,降低褐变程度,抑制硬度和可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及抗坏血酸含量的下降,并能延缓相对电导率和丙二醛含量的上升,降低多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性。     

不同包装方式对鲜切秦冠苹果贮藏品质的影响

以市售秦冠苹果为试材,结合柠檬酸保鲜剂处理,研究4 ℃贮藏条件下,普通包装、真空包装、高氧包装及充氮包装对鲜切秦冠苹贮藏品质变化规律的影响,确定最佳包装方式。结果表明:在综合鲜切苹果贮藏期各项指标的前提下,真空包装对鲜切苹果保鲜效果最佳,使鲜切苹果外观品质得以保持,延缓鲜切苹果的褐变进程和可溶性固形物含量降低速率,同时抑制了鲜切苹果贮藏期间多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性,减缓丙二醛(malondiadehyde,MDA)含量的升高。     

复合护色液对鲜切苹果的防褐变研究

研究了不同褐变抑制剂及贮藏条件对鲜切苹果的褐变度和感官品质的影响.试验结果表明,单一的0.5%L-半胱氨酸、1.0%的抗坏血酸、0.3%草酸和0.5%氯化钠处理均能很好地抑制鲜切苹果褐变.采用L9(34)正交试验,利用各种护色剂的协同作用,最终得到一种替代亚硫酸盐的新型复合护色液:0.5%L-半胱氨酸+0.5%抗坏血酸+0.2%草酸+0.3%NaCl,浸泡处理鲜切果片10 min,结合保鲜膜密封和4℃贮藏,可使鲜切苹果的多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、褐变度、感官品质在16d内保持较优水平.     

Ascorbic Acid/Citric Acid Combinations in the Processing of Frozen Apple Slices

Sulfite replacement was investigated in a commercial apple freezing operation: Jonathan and Spy apple slices were vacuum-impregnated in 0.5% or 1% ascorbic acid (LAA) or D-araboascorbic acid (DAA). 0.25% or 0.5% citric acid (CA), 2h NaCl, and 0.25% CaCl₂ Treatments with DAA gave color and sensory properties equal to LAA treatments. Slice color was not significantly different between 0.5% and 1.0% ascorbic acid isomers and 0.25% or 0.5% CA. Shear measurements of Jonathan slices were significantly influenced by DAA and citric acid concentrations. Texture of Spy slices was not affected by treatment or storage. This study indicates that DAA may be substituted for more expensive LAA for treating Spy and Jonathan slices prior to freezing.     

INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENT ON QUALITY OF CUT APPLE (cv. JONAGORED)

The quality of a new variety of apple, ‘Jonagored’, after peeling and cutting was evaluated during ten days of storage in air at 4C. The objective was to evaluate the shelf-life of apple cubes by detecting the limiting parameter and to test the influence of different chemical dips on the cut apple quality with the aim of extending shelf-life. Color, i.e. browning at the cut surface, was found to be the critical quality parameter determining the shelf-life of the cut apple to less than three days. There were no significant differences between the dip treatments in measurements of CIE values. When apple cubes were treated with ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid plus calcium chloride or ascorbic acid plus calcium chloride and citric acid, the 0.75% ascorbic acid dip was found to be the most effective preservation treatment in terms of reducing color change of the cut surface. Both 0.75% ascorbic acid and 0.75% ascorbic acid plus 0.75% calcium chloride inhibited the loss of firmness of apple cubes. When citric acid was added to the dip treatment, there were color changes similar to those of the control.     

Effect of Natural Antibrowning Agents on Color and Related Enzymes in Fresh-Cut Fuji Apples as an Alternative to the Use of Ascorbic Acid

ABSTRACT:  Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were evaluated in fresh-cut Fuji apple slices and the effect of the individual or combined use of ascorbic acid, 4-hexylresorcinol, N-acetylcysteine, and glutathione on their respective activities was determined. Additionally, color changes during storage at 4 °C were measured throughout 14 d of storage. PPO activity increased with storage time and was inhibited by the individual use of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione. POD activity in the apple slices was effectively inhibited by the combined use of ascorbic acid with any of the other antibrowning agents. On the other hand, an individual treatment with 1% N-acetylcysteine helped in maintaining the color of fresh-cut apples during 14 d of storage, whereas the use of ascorbic acid was not enough to prevent color deterioration of the apple slices from the 1st day of storage. The results obtained corroborated the effectiveness of other natural antibrowning agents over the traditional use of ascorbic acid in the control of the enzymatic browning in the fresh-cut fruit industry.     

褐变抑制剂对干制香蕉片护色效果的影响

为了提高香蕉片干制后的颜色品质,获得最佳护色方法,以褐变度和L*值为考察指标,研究植酸、抗坏血酸、氯化钠、EDTA、柠檬酸5种褐变抑制剂对干制香蕉片颜色品质影响,并优选出提高干制香蕉片颜色品质的护色方法。结果表明:单一护色剂护色效果依次为植酸柠檬酸EDTA氯化钠抗坏血酸,将鲜切香蕉片放入植酸(质量分数为0.9%)和柠檬酸(质量分数为0.3%)组成的复合护色液中浸泡20 min,干制后的香蕉片L*值达65.93,褐变抑制率达84.4%。     

曲酸、抗坏血酸及柠檬酸对鲜切苹果褐变的影响

以鲜切苹果为试材,分别用曲酸、抗坏血酸和柠檬酸浸泡3 min,于4℃存放9 d,对鲜切苹果的硬度、色泽、总酚、可溶性醌、多酚氧化酶活性、维生素C等指标进行分析。结果表明,3种有机酸对鲜切苹果的硬度和多酚氧化酶的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),而对褐变、总酚和维生素C影响差异显著(P<0.05)。综合来看,3种有机酸均对鲜切苹果褐变都有抑制效果,而曲酸明显优于柠檬酸和抗坏血酸,说明曲酸是一种潜在的鲜切苹果保鲜和护色剂。     

POLYPHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVITY OF MINIMALLY PROCESSED 'JONAGORED' APPLES (MALUS DOMESTICA)

The influence of three chemical dips using ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA) and calcium chloride (CC) on the polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and on the total phenolic content of minimally processed (MP) apple (Malus domestica, cv. Jonagored) during cold storage was evaluated and a potential relationship with enzymatic browning was investigated. An ascorbic acid dip (42.6 mM) of 5 min duration was the most efficient chemical treatment in reducing the PPO activity of apple cubes. A 92% inhibition was achieved after 7 days of storage at 4C. All treatments were advantageous in comparison to the control in reducing color changes. Color changes, determined by absorbance at 420 nm (soluble pigments) and lightness (L) (insoluble pigments) of apple cubes treated with ascorbic acid were correlated with total phenolic content. No correlation was observed between PPO activity and tristimulus color parameters, browning index or total phenolic content of AA‐treated apple cubes.     

Inactivation of Salmonella during drying and storage of apple slices treated with acidic or sodium metabisulfite solutions

This study was undertaken to determine whether pretreating inoculated Gala apple slices with metabisulfite or acidic solutions enhanced the inactivation of Salmonella during dehydration and storage. Apple slices inoculated with a five-strain mixture of Salmonella (7.6 log CFU/g) were pretreated, dried for 6 h at 60 degrees C, and stored aerobically at 25 degrees C for 28 days. Predrying treatments included (i) no treatment, (ii) 10 min of immersion in sterile water, (iii) 10 min of immersion in a 4.18% sodium metabisulfite solution, (iv) 10 min of immersion in a 3.40% ascorbic acid solution, and (v) 10 min of immersion in a 0.21% citric acid solution. Samples were plated on tryptic soy agar with 0.1% pyruvate (TSAP), brilliant green sulfa (BGS) agar, and xylose lysine tergitol 4 (XLT4) agar for the enumeration of bacteria. Populations were not significantly (P > 0.05) reduced by immersion in water but were reduced by 0.7 to 1.1 log CFU/g by immersion in acidic solutions. Immersion in the sodium metabisulfite solution reduced populations by 0.4, 1.3, and 5.4 log CFU/g on TSAP, BGS agar, and XLT4 agar, respectively. After 6 h of dehydration at 60 degrees C, populations on untreated and water-treated slices were reduced by 2.7 to 2.8, 2.7 to 2.9, and 4.0 to 4.2 log CFU/g as determined with TSAP, BGS agar, and XLT4 agar, respectively. In contrast, populations on slices treated with sodium metabisulfite, ascorbic acid, and citric acid were reduced after 6 h of dehydration by 4.3, 5.2, and 3.8 log CFU/g, respectively, as determined with TSAP; by 4.7, 5.5, and 3.9 log CFU/g, respectively, as determined with BGS agar; and by 5.5, 5.7, and 5.6 log CFU/g, respectively, as determined with XLT4 agar. Bacteria were still detectable by direct plating after 28 days except on slices treated with ascorbic acid. Immersion in metabisulfite or acidic solutions prior to dehydration should enhance the inactivation of Salmonella during the dehydration and storage of Gala apple slices.     

Quality of Fresh-cut Apple Slices as Affected by Low-dose Ionizing Radiation and Calcium Ascorbate Treatment

ABSTRACT: Although ionizing radiation effectively inactivates food-borne bacterial pathogens in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, it may adversely affect product quality. In this study, the effects of calcium ascorbate (CaA) and ionizing radiation on quality of 'Gala' apple slices under modified atmosphere packaging were investigated. 'Gala' apple slices, treated with water or 7% CaA followed by either nonirradiation (0 kGy) or irradiation at 0.5 and 1.0 kGy, were stored at 10°C for up to 3 wk. The titratable acidity, pH, firmness, ascorbic acid content, color, and microflora population were measured weekly throughout storage. Irradiation did not affect titratable acidity and pH of sliced apples. Fruit slices softened during irradiation and storage, but this decrease in firmness during storage was reduced by the CaA treatment. Although the ascorbic acid content of apple slices treated with CaA decreased rapidly during storage, the ascorbic acid content was always higher in those treated samples than in the apple slices treated with water. Irradiation decreased both L * and hue values of apple slices. Hue values decreased during the entire storage period while L * increased during the 1st wk of storage, then decreased between 1 to 3 wk of storage. CaA increased L * and hue values of apple slices, suggesting CaA reduced browning, even in irradiated samples. The microflora population of apples slices was not affected by CaA, and CaA treatment did not alter the reduction in microflora by irradiation. The combination of CaA and irradiation enhanced microbial food safety while maintaining quality of fresh-cut apple slices.     

新型凉果褐变抑制剂的研制

为解决广式凉果中二氧化硫超标的问题,本研究以苹果切片和青梅作为模型,进行单一因素和复配试验,通过测定白度、吸光度并结合感官评价,研发出新型的抑制凉果褐变添加剂.结果表明:鲜切苹果片腌制1d的抑制褐变效果最为理想;1.25 mg/gL-半胱氨酸盐酸盐、2 mg/g异抗坏血酸、5 mg/g柠檬酸和0.625 mg/g亚硫酸氢钠对苹果片(腌制1d)褐变均有较好抑制效果;由感官评价可知,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐的抑制凉果褐变效果强于亚硫酸氢钠;用异抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐进行复配试验,得出最佳配方:1.25 mg/gL半胱氨酸盐酸盐、5mg/g柠檬酸、1mg/g异抗坏血酸.试验表明:L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐及其复配可用于抑制凉果褐变.