海南蒲桃果实原花青素的体外抗氧化活性

以半制备HPLC纯化的海南蒲桃原花青素为供试样品,研究其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:海南蒲桃原花青素对DPPH自由基的半抑制剂量IC50为4.448μg/mL,超氧阴离子自由基(O-2.)的半抑制剂量IC50为5.718μg/mL,羟自由基(.OH)的半抑制剂量IC50为60.490μg/mL;海南蒲桃原花青素对亚油酸脂质过氧化半抑制剂量IC5 0为117.091μg/mL,总抗氧化、还原力明显高于VC;金属离子螯合力高于EDTA。提示海南蒲桃原花青素具有较强的清除自由基与抗氧化活性等体外活性。     

雪莲果中菊淀粉型低聚果糖的神经保护作用

从体外抗氧化活性和细胞保护方面探讨雪莲果中菊淀粉型低聚果糖(YOs)的神经保护作用。采用DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力(FRAP)3种方法评价其体外抗氧化活性;采用H2O2所致SH-SY5Y细胞损伤模型,评价YOs的细胞保护作用。YOs对DPPH自由基的IC50为(0.272±0.078) mg/mL,相当于(141.01±15.67)Troloxμmol/g YOs;对ABTS自由基的IC50为(2.67±0.89) mg/mL,相当于(195.81±8.13)Troloxμmol/g YOs。FRAP值为(10.12±0.35)mmol/g,相当于(82.40±1.59)Troloxμmol/g YOs。此外,YOs(0.5和1 mg/mL)可显著逆转H2O2(200μmol/L)所致SH-SY5Y细胞的损伤。综上,YOs具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,对类神经细胞的氧化应激损伤具有明显的保护作用,可作为防治脑老化的功能因子进行研究和开发。     

珍珠贝肉抗氧化肽制备工艺优化及其对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性

以马氏珠母贝肉为研究对象,采用ABTS自由基清除率为评价指标,通过单因素试验和响应面法优化制备抗氧化肽酶解物的工艺,并对酶解物冻干粉的抗氧化能力和酪氨酸抑制能力进行研究。结果表明,珍珠贝抗氧化肽的最优酶解工艺为温度50 ℃,pH 7.25,时间3 h,料液比1:1,酶底比0.4%,所得酶解液的ABTS自由基清除率为98.48%。在此条件下得到的珍珠贝抗氧化肽显示出优异的ABTS自由基清除效果（IC50 0.57 mg/mL）、Fe2+螯合活性（IC50 6.89 mg/mL）和良好的ORAC值（601.38 μmol TE/g冻干粉）。同时,珍珠贝肉抗氧化肽对酪氨酸单酚酶（IC50 0.37 mg/mL）和酪氨酸二酚酶（IC50 20.27 mg/mL）抑制效果明显,显示其在美白护肤应用领域也具有良好的应用潜力。该研究结果将为珍珠贝在抗氧化、抗衰老、美白护肤等功能食品、化妆品领域的应用提供参考和基础数据。     

雪莲果体外抗氧化和自由基清除能力

抗氧化能力是衡量果蔬营养及保健价值的重要指标之一。雪莲果是一种药食两用植物,对多种慢性疾病有缓解作用。分别采用5 种方法(DPPH、ABTS、FRAP、SASR 和MCC)对雪莲果块根甲醇提取液的自由基清除能力及抗氧化活性进行体外评价。结果表明：DPPH 法测定的Trolox 当量抗氧化能力(TEAC)为410.263mg Trolox/g md,抗坏血酸当量抗氧化能力(AEAC)为230.485mg VC/g md,IC50 值为1.464mg/mL;ABTS 法测定的TEAC 为267.584mg Trolox/g md,AEAC为41.597mg VC/g md,IC50 值为1.269mg/mL;SRSA 法测定的TEAC 为652.816mg Trolox/g md,AEAC 为101.451mg VC/g md,IC50 值为7.720mg/mL。说明雪莲果块根提取物对DPPH 自由基、ABTS+·和O2·三种不同的自由基均有一定的清除活性。此外,雪莲果块根提取物还具有较高的总抗氧化(FRAP 值为131.723 mgFeSO4/g md)和较强的金属螯合能力(73.193%)。     

巫山茶多酚提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

摘要：目的 本实验对巫山茶多酚提取物的体外抗氧化活性进行了初步评价。方法 通过使用70%乙醇提取巫山茶得到巫山茶粗提物,再依次使用不同极性溶剂萃取巫山茶粗提物得到石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相4个萃取相,分别测定各萃取相的总酚含量和体外抗氧化活性,选取总酚含量最高且体外抗氧化活性最强的萃取相通过HP-20大孔树脂进行富集,测定富集后的巫山茶多酚提取物总酚含量和体外抗氧化活性。结果 乙酸乙酯相的总酚含量最高,为378.1mg/g;巫山茶粗提物及其不同萃取相均具有一定的抗氧化活性,以乙酸乙酯相的体外抗氧化活性最强,DPPH?、ABTS+?、? OH的IC50值分别为0.63mg/mL、0.46mg/mL和2.35mg/mL;将乙酸乙酯相通过HP-20大孔树脂富集后得到的巫山茶多酚提取物总酚含量为637.5mg/g,总酚含量显著提高（p <0.05）,DPPH?、ABTS+?、?OH的IC50值分别为0.26mg/mL、0.16mg/mL和1.05mg/mL,体外抗氧化活性显著增强（p <0.05）。相关性分析结果显示,巫山茶粗提物及各萃取相、富集后的总酚含量与其体外抗氧化活性呈正相关。结论 巫山茶多酚提取物具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,可考虑对其进行多酚成分分析和抗氧化功能研究。     

瑶山梭罗果实不同提取部位的抗氧化活性研究

以乙醇为溶剂提取瑶山梭罗果实,经减压浓缩后,依次用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行萃取。用DPPH自由基的清除能力来评价2个部位的抗氧化活性。结果表明,乙酸乙酯部位浓度为280.80μg/mL时自由基清除率大于56%,IC50=210.21μg/mL,正丁醇部位浓度为368.00μg/mL时自由基清除率大于68%,IC50=291.03μg/mL。乙酸乙酯部位的抗氧化活性是正丁醇部位的1.4倍。     

花生壳提取物的三种体外抗氧化方法的综合比较

采用DPPH、TBA和Xan-XOD 3种体外评价方法评价花生壳提取物的抗氧化活性,结果表明,在这3种抗氧化评价体系中,花生壳提取物均显示了良好的抗氧化性能,DPPH中IC50为7 μg/mL,大豆油中IC50为0.017%,亚麻油中为0.027%,花生油中为1.19%,Xan-XOD中IC50为0.2mg/mL.     

高良姜水提物的体外抗氧化和胰脂肪酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制功能研究

以新鲜高良姜为原料,经冻干脱脂处理制备水提物,测定高良姜水提物中多酚和黄酮含量,使用ABTS法、DPPH法和FRAP法评价水提物的抗氧化能力,同时测定其对α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶的抑制功能。结果显示:高良姜水提物中多酚和总黄酮分别为45.73mg GAE/g DW和0.41mg QE/g DW。水提物对ABTS和DPPH自由基离子的半抑制浓度IC50分别为2.55,8.78 mg/mL。FRAP值为382.14μmol Fe2+/g DW。高良姜水提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶抑制活性的IC50值分别为14.45,543.51mg/mL。表明高良姜水提物中含有丰富的多酚类化合物,具有较强的体外抗氧化能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶抑制功能。     

香蕉花提取物中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性组分研究

利用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂阻止碳水化合物在体内的消化吸收,是治疗糖尿病的1种有效方式。采用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型,以阿卡波糖为阳性对照,对香蕉花中不同极性组分进行活性评价。结果表明:各组分对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有一定抑制活性,其中石油醚部分对-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用最强,IC50达788.36 g/mL,低于对照阿卡波糖(IC50=999.31μg/mL),乙酸乙酯(IC50=1 877.77μg/mL)和正丁醇部分(IC50=2 117.78μg/mL)活性次之。该提取物最高活性部分对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型为竞争性抑制,根据Lineweaver-Burk方程求得Ki值为250.70μg/mL;对石油醚部分进行GC-MS分析,鉴定出29种化合物,主要化学成分为有机酸类(71.58%)、酯类(13.01%)、胺类(5.88%)、醛类(1.52%)、酮类(0.42%)化合物。     

木瓜抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法三种测定法对木瓜叶和木瓜果实体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。结果表明:木瓜6个提取物中,木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+(IC50=6.66μg/mL,TEAC=1293.25μmol/g)最强,其中,清除ABTS自由基活性和阳性对照BHT(IC50=6.56μg/mL)相当,还原Fe3+能力低于BHT(TEAC=2503.17μmol/g);木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基(IC50=48.99μg/mL)能力最强,弱于阳性对照BHT(IC50=24.49μg/mL)。木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关,木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基的能力可能也与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.