龙眼果酒发酵工艺的优化及相关品质分析

目的 优化龙眼果酒的发酵工艺并对其相关品质进行分析。方法 通过单因素实验,考察发酵温度、糖度、酵母接种量及柠檬酸添加量对龙眼果酒的酒精度和感官品质的影响;采用正交实验对龙眼果酒的发酵工艺进行优化;通过食品分析方法与技术,测定最优发酵条件下的龙眼果酒的相关理化品质,评价其抗氧化活性,分析其挥发性风味成分。结果 龙眼果酒的最优发酵条件为：发酵温度26 ℃、糖度36 °Brix、酵母接种量0.04 g/g、柠檬酸添加量0.6 g/g;最优发酵条件下的龙眼果酒的酒精度为8.32%vol,pH值为3.32,总糖含量为16.68 g/L,还原糖含量为15.15 g/L,总酸含量为14.05 g/L,色泽为透亮的金黄色;最优发酵条件下的龙眼果酒具有良好的抗氧化活性,可有效清除ABTS和DPPH自由基并展现出较高的还原能力;最优发酵条件下的龙眼果酒中共检测到32种挥发性风味物质,其中醇类、酯类和酸类是主要成分,占总挥发性风味物质的99.39%。结论 最优发酵条件下的的龙眼果酒具有良好的感官性状、抗氧化活性及丰富的挥发性风味物质。研究为龙眼果酒的开发与生产提供实验基础与支撑。     

桑椹果酒主发酵过程中主要理化指标的变化

为揭示桑椹果酒主发酵过程中主要理化指标的变化情况,在糖度150 g/L、柠檬酸添加量1 g/L、温度26℃、酵母接种量2 g/L条件下,对不同发酵阶段桑椹果酒pH、总酸、挥发酸、酒精度、总糖、干浸出物、有机酸和感官形态进行了分析。结果表明,在主发酵过程中,pH先下降后上升,总酸先升高后降低,挥发酸、酒精度、干浸出物逐渐升高,总糖逐渐下降,发酵6 d时,理化指标趋于稳定。发酵结束后,理化指标分别为:pH4.22、总酸4.31 g/L、挥发酸0.72 g/L、酒精度7.22% vol、干浸出物20.15 g/L、总糖1.55 g/L;有机酸含量中,酒石酸、乳酸、柠檬酸含量较高,分别为2.184、2.303、1.115 g/L;通过感官评价,发酵6 d后,桑椹果酒感官达到最佳,主发酵结束。     

发酵条件对桑椹果酒中挥发酸的影响

本文主要研究发酵条件对桑椹果酒挥发酸的影响。分别考察了糖度、温度、pH、酵母接种量等单因素对桑椹果酒挥发酸的影响,并通过正交实验优化发酵工艺条件。结果表明最佳发酵工艺条件为:糖度180 g/L、温度28℃、pH4.25、酵母接种量4%,在此条件下,挥发酸含量为1.32 g/L,酒精度10.5%vol,综合评分为0.93。桑椹酒样经顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱鉴定,共检测到29种化合物,并以醇类、酯类为主。通过优化桑椹果酒发酵工艺条件,可有效降低果酒中挥发酸含量。     

荔枝酒发酵工艺研究

分析发酵条件对荔枝果酒品质的影响,确定荔枝果酒的发酵工艺.结果表明,荔枝酒较优发酵茵种为VL2,最适接种量0.5%,起始发酵液pH为4.0,总糖含量20 g/100mL,发酵时问4d,所得成品果酒酒精度12.23(体积比),残糖0.87g/100mL,总酸含量5.94g/L,多酚含量435mg/L,产品色泽淡黄、口感醇和、荔香明显,典型性突出.     

电渗析法用于杨梅果酒降酸的研究

杨梅清汁深层发酵生产的杨梅果酒有机酸含量高,以致酒体口感粗糙,口味不协调。利用一种改进的普通膜两隔室电渗析设备,对杨梅果酒进行了降酸。实验结果显示杨梅果酒可滴定酸的含量能够在短时间内,从12～14g/L降低到6～8g/L;同时,pH升高,挥发酸降低;降酸速度快,连续,大大提高了杨梅果酒的口感和品质。实验结果表明,本技术也有可能作为其它高酸度果酒、果汁的降酸手段。     

青梅果酒酿造酵母菌筛选研究

青梅是一种营养丰富、具有多重保健功能的水果,是优质的果酒酿造原料。青梅果酒酿造,除了优质的原料外,还需要优良的酵母菌种作为酿造基础。为了筛选适合青梅果酒酿造的酵母菌株,实验以收集到的11株酵母菌为出发菌株,在改良的YPD培养基中进行发酵,以酒精产量作为初筛的主要考虑因素,其次综合考虑发酵力、总酸、残糖指标状况。参试菌株中RC212、PRLWVER和DV10的酒精度分别为4.78%vol、6.03%vol和5.03%vol,发酵力分别为8.76 g/150 m L、12.78 g/150 m L和14.98 g/150 m L,总酸分别为3.93 g/L、3.54 g/L和4.69 g/L,残糖分别为5.69 g/L、1.65 g/L和3.09 g/L的综合性能优势进入复筛。初筛菌株经过青梅果醪的发酵复筛,PRLWVER菌株的总酯含量为5.64 g/L,干浸出物含量为23.91 g/L,酒精度为12.75%vol,以及较低的残糖(2.62 g/L)和总酸(7.14 g/L),显示出优于其他菌株酿造青梅果酒的特性,可以作为青梅果酒酿造的优良菌株。     

李子果酒主发酵过程中理化指标及挥发性成分变化分析

该研究对李子果酒主发酵过程中的理化指标进行测定,并采用顶空固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱（HS-SPME-GC-MS）联用技术对其挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明,在李子果酒主发酵过程中,随着发酵时间的延长,pH值、酒精度呈先升高后趋于稳定的趋势;总酸、总糖含量呈先下降后趋于稳定的趋势;挥发酸含量呈上升趋势。主发酵结束后,李子果酒的酒精度为11.10%vol、总酸含量为9.13 g/L、pH值为3.76、挥发酸含量为0.25 g/L、总糖含量为22.90 g/L。主要变化的挥发性物质为6种醇类（乙醇、1-己醇、异戊醇、异丁醇、顺式-3-己烯-1醇、苯基乙醇）和6种酯类（乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、辛酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、己酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯）。通过对李子果酒主发酵过程动态变化分析,为提高李子果酒品质提供理论依据。     

龙眼果酒发酵工艺优化、抗氧化活性研究及品质分析

以龙眼为主要原料酿造龙眼果酒,以酒精度、感官评分为评价指标,经单因素试验和正交试验确定龙眼果酒的最佳发酵工艺,并对龙眼果酒的品质及抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,龙眼果酒的最佳发酵工艺条件为初始糖度24%、酵母接种量0.25 g/L、初始pH值 6.6、发酵温度23 ℃。在此优化条件下,龙眼果酒酒体澄清透亮,无浑浊状,果香纯正,口感柔顺,酒精度为11.5%vol,感官评分89分,总糖、总酸、多酚及维生素C含量分别为3.6%、6.4%、114.52 mg/L、100.05 μg/L。发酵型龙眼果酒的超氧阴离子自由基清除率为64.97%、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率为93.75%、羟基自由基清除率为69.17%。发酵型龙眼果酒共检出27种挥发性香气物质,其中醇类6种、酯类7种、有机酸类5种、酮类2种,杂环类2种,烯烃类1种。     

生香酵母与酿酒酵母联合发酵桂圆果酒的研究

以总糖、总酸、总酯、酒精度、感官评分为评价指标,以桂圆果浆为原料,以质量比为1∶1的SY果酒活性干酵母和生香活性干酵母为发酵菌种,研究了初始糖度、初始酸度、发酵温度和发酵时间对桂圆果酒发酵的影响,并采用正交试验优化了发酵条件。结果显示,初始糖度、初始酸度、发酵温度和发酵时间均可影响桂圆果酒的发酵,其中初始糖度的影响最大,其次为发酵温度和初始酸度;复合酵母发酵桂圆果酒的优化条件为初始糖度23 °Bx、初始酸度6 g/L、发酵温度为20 ℃、发酵时间为6 d。在此优化条件下,获得的桂圆果酒酒精度12.6%vol、总糖2.3 g/L、总酸6.8 g/L、总酯312.07 mg/L,感官评分为81分。     

青梅果酒酵母的筛选与发酵工艺优化

选取11株耐受性较好的果酒酵母对青梅果酒进行发酵试验,以酒精度、总酸和感官指标为考察参数,筛选出1株发酵能力强,所酿造果酒品质好的为最优菌株。通过研究果实成熟度、酵母添加量、主发酵温度对青梅果酒品质的影响,确定青梅果酒的最佳酿造工艺参数。优化后的青梅果酒发酵工艺条件为:青梅果实成熟度为8~9成;酵母接种量为0.3 g/L;主发酵温度为20℃。在此条件下进行3.5 t发酵罐的生产试验,发酵过程稳定,所得的青梅果酒酒精度为13.9%vol±0.3%vol,残糖量为0.97 g/L±0.21 g/L,总酸含量为37.42 g/L±1.48 g/L,干浸出物含量为51.36 g/L±1.24 g/L。     

Antimicrobial Effects of Wine: Separating the Role of Polyphenols,pH, Ethanol,and Other Wine Components

Abstract: While the antimicrobial effectiveness of wine is well documented, relative contributions of the wine components to its antimicrobial activity is controversial. To separate the role of wine phenolics, ethanol, and pH from other wine constituents, the antimicrobial effects of intact wine were compared to that of phenols-stripped wine, dealcoholized wine, ethanol, and low pH applied separately and in combination, against 2 common foodborne pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli. All samples were biochemically characterized with respect to their total phenolics and resveratrol content, antioxidant capacity, ethanol content, and pH. Antioxidative activity of the samples corresponded to their total phenolics content. Except for respective controls, pH and ethanol content were similar in all samples. The order of antibacterial activity of the samples was: intact wine > phenols-stripped wine > dealcoholized wine > combination of ethanol and low pH > low pH > ethanol. Separate application of ethanol or low pH showed negligible antibacterial activity while their combination showed synergistic effect. Antibacterial activity of the samples could not be related to their total phenolics and resveratrol content, antioxidant capacity, ethanol content, or pH. Our study indicates that antimicrobial activity of complex solutions such as intact wine cannot be exclusively attributed to its phenolic or nonphenolic constituents, nor can the antimicrobial activity of wine be predicted on the basis of its particular components.     

浅谈衢州古酒文化

衢州酿酒历史久远，有丰富的酒文化及优质的水资源和糯米资源。在新石器时代遗址中已发掘出印纹陶酒器；在西周时期，衢州的酿酒业和制陶业已相当发达；在宋代，衢州酒业里设有专门管理酒务的官员，酒税一直是历代封建朝廷的主要财源之一。石室酒是衢州的历史名酒，该酒营养丰富，有益健康。     

红姑娘酒的研制

用红姑娘为主原料,经分选,破碎,接入人工培养果酒酵母进行发酵,调配而成的低度红姑娘酒,具有滋补保健功能.     

Moisture sorption isotherms of green chilli

The adsorption and desorption equilibrium moisture contents of green chilli were determined experimentally in relative humidity range of 11‐97% and at the temperatures of 20, 30, 40 and 50°C. The experimental procedure used was a dynamic method with periodically recording of sample mass. The effect of temperature on adsorption and desorption isotherms was found significant. Hystereses were observed for entire range of relative humidity and hysteresis loops decreased with the increase of temperature. Nine sorption isotherm models were fitted the experimental data at the temperatures of 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C. The modified Smith equation was the best fitted equation to the experimental data for relative humidity range of 11‐97% for the adsorption and desorption isotherms of green chilli.     

国内外酒类包装新材料新容器

好包装能提升酒的品位，还有保持及提高酒质量的重要功能。随着酒业的迅速发展，以及消费群体的扩大，国际上酒包装的新材料，新容器相继得到开发和应用，以各自的功能与优势取胜市场。     

史前文化时期的酿酒(二)--谷芽酒的酿造及演进

我国的先民在仰韶时期(公元前5000年～公元前3000年)，就利用小口尖底瓮保温发酵酿制谷芽酒，并在该容器内澄清、饮用。到了大汶口时期(公元前4300年～公元前2400年)，酿酒有了较大发展，饮酒之风很盛行，出土了数量较多的大件酿酒发酵窖器——大口尖底陶尊及多姿多彩的酒具，表明了酒已具有礼仪功能。这时期谷芽酒的饮用方法已进步到用饮酒器饮用清酒了。酿酒技术及酒文化已由黄河下游扩展到淮河流域。     

天然低度菠萝酒加工技术研究

以新鲜菠萝为原料,果肉破碎取汁后加入适量蜂蜜并主活性干酵母,经控温发酵等特殊工艺处理,可制各糖分含量高、酒精底低、风味独特的纯天然菠萝酒。     

Evaluation of the consistency of wine quality assessments from expert wine tasters

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of experienced wine tasters to consistently assign quality scores to both red and white wines. Methods and Results: Wine quality scores were collected over a 15‐year period from 571 experienced wine tasters. Consistency was measured by correlating the scores given to duplicate presentations of wines, calculating the pooled variation in repeat scores and assessing their ability to allocate duplicate presentations of the same wine to the same quality category. Although the majority of tasters showed statistically significant consistency, their individual abilities varied considerably and, in general, their ability to consistently score one wine type was a poor predictor of their consistency in scoring the other. Tasters were better able to allocate duplicate presentations of red wines to the same category than white wines, and red wine consistency was improved by combining the scores of three assessors as is done in the Australian wine show system. Conclusions: The ability of experienced wine tasters to consistently rate wines for overall quality varied greatly between individuals, but was generally better for red wines than for whites. Consistency was improved by combining the scores from a small team of tasters. Significance of the Study: The study demonstrates the need to conduct replicate tastings when assessing wines for quality as adequate taster repeatability cannot be guaranteed. Furthermore, using the combined score of a small team of tasters generally results in more consistent quality assessments.     

布依族酒文化概览

布依族主要聚居于贵州黔南、黔西南布依族苗族自治州及贵州、云南、四川省的部分地区.其中以贵州的布依族人口最多,占全国的97%.布依族人会酿酒、好饮酒.其酿制的酒有糯米酒、刺梨酒、白烧酒等.布依族的酒俗丰富,用拦路酒、鸡头酒习俗、交杯酒、转转酒、讨八字酒等酒俗民风来传递信息和感情;布依族酒文化表现形式丰富,如有迎客歌、敬酒歌、婚庆歌、节庆歌等.(孙悟)     

蓝莓干红酒酿制工艺的研究

根据蓝莓汁初始糖度,酿制12°干红蓝莓酒时将补糖量调整至21%,SO2添加量调整为40mg/L。同时,添加活性干酵母粉,其接种量为0.20%,在25℃条件下控温发酵6d,主发酵结束转入低温陈酿,能够酿制残糖较低、酸度适中、酒体协调、口感醇厚、果香适宜,色泽为深宝石红,具有蓝莓特有典型风格的蓝莓干红酒。