黑莓籽总多酚、总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性

采用清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基及铁离子还原能力法评价黑莓籽体外抗氧化活性,Folin-Ciocalteau法测其总多酚含量,Na NO2-Al Cl3比色法测定其总黄酮含量,相关系数法分析其总多酚、总黄酮与抗氧化活性间的相关性。结果显示,乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位具有强的DPPH自由基[IC50=(41.93±4.05)、(64.75±5.89)μg/m L]和ABTS自由基[IC50=(2.91±0.46)、(3.18±1.01)μg/m L]清除活性,较强的铁离子还原能力[Trolox当量=(2348.73±2.78)、(1262.55±31.58)μmol/g],石油醚部位具有ABTS自由基[IC50=(21.85±0.61)μg/m L]清除活性和较弱的铁离子还原能力[Trolox当量=(123.59±10.01)μmol/g]。3个部位总多酚、总黄酮含量与清除ABTS自由基能力之间存在一定的相关性(R2分别为0.6832、0.2596);总多酚含量与还原铁离子能力(Trolox当量)之间存在一定的相关性(R2=0.990)。可见,黑莓籽具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

木瓜抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法三种测定法对木瓜叶和木瓜果实体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。结果表明:木瓜6个提取物中,木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+(IC50=6.66μg/mL,TEAC=1293.25μmol/g)最强,其中,清除ABTS自由基活性和阳性对照BHT(IC50=6.56μg/mL)相当,还原Fe3+能力低于BHT(TEAC=2503.17μmol/g);木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基(IC50=48.99μg/mL)能力最强,弱于阳性对照BHT(IC50=24.49μg/mL)。木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关,木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基的能力可能也与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关。     

槟榔提取物不同部位的抗氧化性比较及成分研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法3种测定法对槟榔提取物体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。研究结果发现,槟榔提取物乙酸乙酸部位和正丁醇部位均有一定的抗氧化活性。其中乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=14.60、2.04μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=4762.99μmol/g)均强于阳性对照BHT(DPPH方法:IC50=24.49μg/m L;ABTS方法:IC50=6.56μg/m L;FRAP方法:TEAC=2503.17μmol/g),正丁醇部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=44.32、7.62μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=1587.42μmol/g)均弱于阳性对照BHT,且乙酸乙酯部位总多酚和总黄酮含量均大于正丁醇部位。可见,乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其总多酚、总黄酮含量高有关。     

超声波纤维素酶法提取紫苏叶活性物质及其抗氧化活性

对比了超声波法、纤维素酶法、先超声波后纤维素酶法、先纤维素酶后超声波法以及超声波纤维素酶同步法5 种提取方式对紫苏叶黄酮、多酚、迷迭香酸提取效果的影响并评价了其提取液的抗氧化能力。结果表明,超声波纤维素酶同步法提取紫苏叶可获得最大含量的黄酮、多酚及迷迭香酸,分别为32.74、20.91、2.42 mg/g,其提取液的DPPH自由基清除能力及铁还原能力最强,分别为614.24、3 277.72 μmol Trolox/L。其抗氧化能力与多酚的含量呈显著正相关,多酚含量与铁还原能力及DPPH自由基清除能力相关系数分别为0.878、0.804,均为极显著（P＜0.01）。     

6种食用花卉有效成分及其抗氧化活性研究

利用超声波法对6种常见食用花卉的活性成分进行提取,并对其活性成分和抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,6种食用花卉中多酚、黄酮、花色苷和类胡萝卜素活性成分含量范围分别为6.20～63.17 mg GAE/g·DW,12.52～180.47mg CE/g·DW,4.17～40.91 mg CyA/g·DW,0.33～0.68mg/g·DW。DPPH自由基清除能力为45.13～1 092.49μmol Trolox(TE)/g·DW,亚铁离子还原能力(FRAP)为100.20～2 621.25μmol TE/g·DW,以及ABTS自由基清除能力为100.12～1 708.03μmol TE/g·DW。3种抗氧化活性中,DPPH自由基清除力最强的为橙色万寿菊,亚铁离子还原能力和ABTS自由基清除能力最强的均为黄色万寿菊。高效液相色谱测定6种花卉样品中主要的多酚和黄酮类化合物为阿魏酸、没食子酸和槲皮素,其中以橙色万寿菊和黄色万寿菊的活性成分含量最丰富。     

茴香中总多酚和总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性研究

测定茴香体外抗氧化活性,并分析茴香中总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。结果表明,茴香乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位具有体外抗氧化活性。其中,乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50分别为(37.67±0.21)、(24.88±0.07)μg/mL)比正丁醇部位的清除能力(IC50分别为(47.48±0.18)、(34.19±0.19)μg/mL)强,且具有显著性差异(p<0.05),而正丁醇部位对铁离子的还原能力(TEAC值为(569.9±0.69)μmol/g)比乙酸乙酯部位的还原能力(TEAC值为(281.23±4.73)μmol/g)强,且具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力强可能与其总黄酮含量高有关,正丁醇部位还原铁离子的能力好与其总多酚含量高有关。     

菠萝蜜果皮不同萃取部位抗氧化活性的研究

为了深入研究菠萝蜜果皮石油醚、乙酸乙酯、水三个萃取部位的抗氧化活性,通过DPPH、ABTS、FRAP三种方法对其抗氧化活性进行评价,并考察了各个部位中多酚、黄酮含量。结果表明,菠萝蜜果皮乙酸乙酯部多酚和黄酮的含量最高,分别为1.346、1.102mg/g,而水部含量最低,分别为0.593、0.029mg/g。不同部位中抗氧化活性大小顺序为乙酸乙酯部(EA)石油醚部(PE)水部(W),其中乙酸乙酯部对DPPH自由基抑制率最高可达到94%,对ABTS+自由基抑制率可达99.1%,总抗氧化能力FRAP值可达952.6μmol/L。     

石榴皮总黄酮超临界萃取及萃余物黄色素提取

利用超临界CO2方法萃取石榴皮中总黄酮、三萜类,然后超声波辅助提取萃余物中黄色素。采用正交试验探究萃取时间、压力、温度、夹带剂浓度对总黄酮、三萜类及对超临界残渣黄色素提取率的影响,得到最优工艺条件。超临界萃取总黄酮最优条件为萃取时间70 min,压力30 MPa,温度85℃,夹带剂浓度90%,总黄酮提取率为12.482%,此时萃余物黄色素提取率为5.870%,同时检测到使用超声波辅助提取萃余物黄色素,其提取率极显著高于微波辅助法(P<0.01)。黄色素抗氧化活性检测DPPH自由基清除能力及ABTS+自由基清除能力分别为(27335.16±8.5501)μmol FERA/g和(4164.10±4.6576)μmol Trolox/g。     

枇杷叶黄酮提取物的抗氧化作用研究

分别研究枇杷叶不同部位提取物中黄酮含量及黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性。采用超声法分别提取枇杷叶不同部位的黄酮类物质,用比色法测定含量。采用Schaal烘箱法,以过氧化值为指标研究了黄酮提取物对猪油的抗氧化效应,并采用DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除体系评价总黄酮的抗氧化能力。结果表明:枇杷叶尖部位的黄酮含量最高为(5.79±0.03)mg/g。在所研究的浓度范围内,枇杷叶黄酮对猪油具有一定的抗氧化作用,且随着其剂量的增加而增强;枇杷叶黄酮对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基都具有较强的清除能力,在一定浓度范围内,清除自由基能力与浓度存在量效关系。     

三种食药用菌多酚含量测定及抗氧化活性比较

为探讨两种提取方法对猴头菇、杏鲍菇、松茸多酚提取效果的影响,并对比三种食药用菌提取物抗氧化活性的差异。本文采取浸提和热回流方式分别提取了猴头菇、杏鲍菇和松茸子实体多酚。通过改进的Folin-酚法测定了各提取物多酚含量,分别采用了DPPH和ABTS法测试了三种食用菌在不同提取条件下提取物清除自由基的能力,最后以MTT法对提取物在UVB所致的HaCaT细胞光损伤的防护作用进行评价。结果表明,各提取物总多酚的含量与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,热回流法对多酚的提取效果较高,该法提取猴头菇、杏鲍菇和松茸的多酚含量分别为(2.684±0.02)、(4.781±0.06)、(5.028±0.05)mg/g;热回流法的松茸提取物对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力非常强,其IC₅₀分别为(0.534±0.03)和(0.271±0.01)mg/mL;当三种食药用菌提取物剂量达100 μg/mL均可显著(P<0.05)提高细胞存活率。综上所述,三种食药用菌中热回流法的松茸提取物多酚含量最高和清除自由基的能力最强,其多酚含量与体外清除自由基的能力呈正相关,而对细胞的抗氧化能力没有相关性。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status