万寿菊花中反式叶黄素提取皂化工艺的优化

以万寿菊干花颗粒为原料,对万寿菊花中反式叶黄素进行同时提取皂化工艺研究。考察不同有机溶剂和用量、KOH- 乙醇溶液质量浓度和用量、提取皂化温度和时间等因素对反式叶黄素提取皂化效果的影响。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应曲面法对影响万寿菊花中反式叶黄素提取皂化效果的3 个主要因素即石油醚用量、KOH-乙醇溶液质量浓度和提取皂化温度进行优化,建立并分析各因素与反式叶黄素得率关系的数学模型,同时对反式叶黄素粗品进一步分离纯化。结果表明：采用有机溶剂法进行同时提取皂化的最佳工艺条件为石油醚用量42.6mL/g、温度58.8℃、KOH- 乙醇溶液质量浓度0.099g/mL,在此条件下反式叶黄素得率为1.499%。对反式叶黄素粗品进一步纯化,最终获得纯度达90.42% 的反式叶黄素晶体。     

龙眼核多酚提取工艺研究

对龙眼核多酚提取工艺的最优条件进行探索.单因素试验及正交试验结果表明,影响测定结果的因素主次顺序为:提取温度＞提取剂浓度＞提取时间＞料液比;最优提取条件为:料液比1∶33、提取剂(乙醇)浓度60%、提取温度80℃、提取时间150min.     

龙眼核多酚提取工艺研究

对龙眼核多酚提取工艺的最优条件进行探索。单因素试验及正交试验结果表明,影响测定结果的因素主次顺序为:提取温度﹥提取剂浓度﹥提取时间﹥料液比;最优提取条件为:料液比1:33、提取剂(乙醇)浓度60%、提取温度80℃、提取时间150min。     

黄菊叶黄素酯的提取工艺研究

以石油醚和乙醇混合溶剂为提取剂,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了黄菊叶黄素酯的提取工艺.结果表明,其最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度30℃,料液比1∶20(g∶mL),提取次数3次,每次提取时间3h.在此提取工艺条件下,比较了黄菊、贡菊和杭白菊中的叶黄素酯提取得率,结果得率分别为0.25%、0.01%、0.04%.     

黑豆皮色素提取工艺的研究

以黑豆皮为原料,考察了提取剂种类、提取剂浓度、料液比、提取温度、pH值等因素对黑豆皮色素提取效果的影响.结果提取黑豆色素的最佳工艺条件为:提取剂为乙醇,提取剂体积分数60％,料液比1∶100,提取温度60℃,浸提时间45 min,pH1.5,浸提3次.在该条件下,黑豆皮色素的提取率可达18％.     

从芹菜叶中提取黄酮的工艺优化研究

采用有机溶剂回流提取法从价廉、高产的芹菜叶片中提取黄酮,对其提取工艺进行了探讨与优化。考察了提取溶剂的种类,提取剂的浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间等对黄酮提取效果的影响,并在此基础上利用正交试验确定了芹菜中总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明：在以80％乙醇为提取剂,料液比为1：30,提取温度为85℃,提取时间为60min时,芹菜叶片中黄酮的提取率可达2．43％左右。通过正交试验可知,提取剂浓度对黄酮提取率的影响较大。     

辅酶Q10几种提取工艺的优化研究

本实验分别对提取、分离辅酶Q10的几种常用方法进行了条件优化和比较。单因素和正交试验结果表明:乙醇浸提法最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度90%,料液比1:20,回流温度70℃,回流时间120min;丙酮研磨提取法中,料液比1:3、正己烷萃取的效果最佳;碱皂化法的最佳消解条件为:酸消解pH值为3,料液比为1:10,80℃,回流90min;最佳碱皂化处理条件为:pH为11,料液比1:15,回流温度100℃,皂化时间30min。丙酮研磨正己烷萃取法工艺相对简单,提取效率高,更适合辅酶Q10的提取分离。     

万寿菊提取物中游离叶黄素的制备及纯化

以万寿菊正己烷提取物为原料,系统地考察了由万寿菊提取物制备游离叶黄素的条件,并对粗产品进行纯化。在单因素试验的基础上,用L16(45)正交试验对游离叶黄素的制备工艺进行优化,以皂化液浓度、液料比、皂化温度以及皂化时间为因素,以游离叶黄素的含量为指标进行试验,得到最佳的制备条件;并对硅胶柱层析纯化的梯度洗脱条件进行摸索;采用薄层色谱扫描法进行测定。确定最佳皂化制备条件是:皂化液为35%的KOH-甲醇,液料比20:1(ml/g),皂化温度55℃,皂化时间4h;在此条件下,可使游离叶黄素的含量由原料中的0.25%上升到45.59%,通过硅胶柱层析纯化后,游离叶黄素的含量可提高到93.55%。     

杏花总黄酮提取条件的研究

研究以乙醇为溶剂提取杏花总黄酮的工艺条件.在单因素试验的基础上,用正交实验法对杏花总黄酮的提取工艺进行优选,考察了乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比对杏花总黄酮提取率的影响.杏花总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度60%,料液比1:30,提取温度为80℃,提取时间150 min,在此条件下杏花总黄酮提取率为97.40%.     

响应面试验优化万寿菊花中叶黄素酯皂化反应工艺

以叶黄素酯为原料,对万寿菊花中叶黄素酯皂化反应的工艺进行优化,考察反应溶剂种类及用量、皂化温度、皂化时间等因素对皂化反应的影响,采用薄层层析法计算皂化率,确定叶黄素酯皂化的适宜操作条件,对皂化反应工艺进行单因素试验和响应面分析研究。结果表明,叶黄素酯的皂化反应最佳工艺条件为叶黄素酯为2.0 g时,无水乙醇用量31.3 mL、皂化温度60 ℃、KOH用量2.1 g、皂化时间4 h,此条件下叶黄素酯的平均皂化率为78.4%。     

茄尼醇同步提取皂化-超高效液相色谱测定方法研究

为了建立高效、准确检测烟草总茄尼醇的方法,研究了超声辅助条件下,同步提取、皂化烟草茄尼醇的溶剂、温度、液料比、皂化剂用量、提取时间及超高效液相色谱测定的仪器条件。结果表明,烟草样品以正己烷为萃取剂,液料比为50:1,0.1 moL/L氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液为皂化剂,在超声频率45 kHz,恒温水浴40 ℃,提取时间30 min条件下,完成烟草茄尼醇的提取、皂化,且使茄尼醇的提取、皂化以及与皂化剂的分离在同一离心管中完成。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18为色谱柱,甲醇-乙腈(50:50)为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,柱温为35 ℃,在波长208 nm条件下,超高效液相色谱进行检测。方法的线性范围为0.67~84.1 mg/L,方法检出限为0.07 mg/L,定量限为0.012%,空白及样品加标回收率分别在97.9%~104.7%、93.4%~102.3%范围内,相对标准偏差为1.34%~2.43%。该方法简便、快速,且节约有机溶剂,精密度和准确度较高,可以实现烟草茄尼醇批量高效检测。     

辣椒红胶质色素处理工艺研究

以新疆辣椒红胶质色素为原材料,比较皂化处理、不同溶剂处理、水化处理等工艺处理效果,并通过正交试验对皂化处理工艺进行优化,确定最佳处理工艺为液碱用量25%,萃取溶剂丙酮,皂化温度60℃及皂化时间60min,胶质色素处理效果最好,其黏度降低至185mPa·s,沉淀物降低至0.9%,色价得率99%左右,到达并优于正常色素品质(黏度≤200mPa·s,沉淀物≤2%)。     

影响雨生红球藻中虾青素的提取条件的研究

冻干的雨生红球藻粉为原料,采用乙醇和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂进行虾青素酯的提取。L9(33)正交试验筛选获得虾青素酯的最佳条件为:温度25℃,提取时间为6h,乙酸乙酯和乙醇的配比为1:2,固液比为1:120(g/ml)。对提取的虾青素酯进行皂化,分别研究了4℃和40℃时碱的浓度及皂化时间对提取效果的影响。结果表明:0.06mol/LKOH甲醇溶液于4℃皂化12h效果最好,从100mg藻粉可以得到(575.86±5.68)μg虾青素单体。     

赣南脐橙皮番茄红素提取前皂化工艺

探讨赣南脐橙皮粉末的番茄红素提取前最佳皂化工艺。以赣南脐橙皮粉末为原料,0.5 mol/L碳酸钠溶液为皂化剂,采用分光光度法测定样品番茄红素含量,通过单因素试验探讨料液比、皂化时间、皂化温度对番茄红素提取的影响;然后通过正交试验得出最佳皂化工艺。结果表明,在皂化工艺中对番茄红素提取的影响程度大小依次是料液比、皂化时间、皂化温度;最佳皂化工艺为料液比1∶10(g/mL)、皂化时间40 min、皂化温度20℃。在最佳皂化条件下,番茄红素提取量为17.14 mg/100 g。因此,在最佳皂化条件下能从赣南脐橙皮粉末中提取更多的番茄红素。     

Optimization and development of a SPE-HPLC-UV method to determine astaxanthin in Saccharina japonica

Abstract: An effective and accurate method including extraction, saponification, and separation was developed to determine astaxanthin (AX) in Saccharina japonica. The optimal extraction conditions with different solvents were investigated. 29.30 μg/g of AX was extracted from dry Saccharina japonica powder by solvent. After subsequent saponification, the extracted amount of AX was increased to 37.26 μg/g. Furthermore, 3 different ionic liquid‐based silicas were prepared as sorbents for the solid phase extraction of AX from the extract. By comparing the adsorption isotherms of AX on different ionic liquid‐based silicas, suitable sorbent was successfully selected and applied for separation of AX from extract. Practical Application: Astaxanthin, in 3 main forms (free, monoesters, and diesters), can be obtained from marine plants and animals. By extraction with subsequent saponification, the astaxanthin was extracted from Saccharina japonica. And then, ionic liquid‐based silicas were used to separate the astaxanthin from the extract solution. This method can be widely applied for determination, or even industrial separation and purification of astaxanthin from many other algae.     

罗汉果茶色素提取方法比较及对棉织物染色研究

通过探讨提取时间、提取剂乙醇浓度、超声波功率、提取温度以及料液比对超声波法提取天然染料罗汉果茶色素的影响,得出在超声波提取条件下,提取时间为30 min、提取剂乙醇质量分数为40%、超声波功率为300 W、提取温度为60℃、料液比为1:15可以使罗汉果茶色素提取效果达到最佳。在此基础上,利用罗汉果茶染液对棉织物进行超声波染色,探讨染色温度、染色时间、浴比以及染色超声波功率对染色效果的影响,得出最佳染色工艺条件为:染色温度70℃、染色时间50 min、浴比1:60、超声波功率300 W。同时试验发现:使用硫酸铜作媒染剂进行预媒染,棉织物染色上染率有明显提高;使用罗汉果茶染液对棉织物进行染色,其耐水洗和耐摩擦色牢度均可达到国家服用标准。     

Improving Extraction of Lutein from Egg Yolk Using an Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent Method

ABSTRACT:  Extraction yields of lutein from egg yolk using both hexane solvent (SOL) and ultrasound-assisted solvent (UA-SOL) extraction methods at different levels of saponification were compared. The yields obtained with SOL and UA-SOL were significantly different. The broad range of extraction yield in the SOL method at different levels of saponification was from 6.3 to 63.8 μg/g. Compared to the SOL method, the extraction yield using UA-SOL was significantly higher at each corresponding saponification level. The yield of the UA-SOL method without alkaline solution was the highest (89.9 μg/g) of all. The yield of the UA-SOL decreased as the level of saponification increased. The results indicated that alkaline significantly affected stability of lutein in egg yolk and resulted in underestimation of its concentration. Compared with the traditional saponification solvent extraction method, the UA-SOL extraction method was more effective in extracting lutein from the sample matrix, and presumably by avoiding degradation reactions.     

预混合饲料中维生素A 3种提取方法的比较研究

目的比较预混合饲料中维生素A的3种提取方法。方法抽取10个预混合饲料样品,比较皂化提取法、直接提取法、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO)提取法实验过程和维生素A的检测结果。结果皂化提取法提取过程时间(t=130.4min)较长,步骤(21步)繁杂,较其他2种提取方法检测结果准确性较差,平行性较差。直接提取法与DMSO提取法提取过程时间较短,步骤较简便,检测结果准确性较好,平行性较好。结论直接提取法可以作为快速检测预混合饲料中维生素A含量的手段,但检测结果使用受到GB/T17817-2010《饲料中维生素A的测定高效液相色谱法》限制。皂化提取法可用于低含量复杂样品检测。DMSO法提取法,相较于皂化提取法,操作简便,测试快速,检测值准确性较好,平行性较好,能过有效弥补直接提取法与皂化提取法的缺点。     

Optimisation of pectin extraction from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas,Convolvulaceae) residues with disodium phosphate solution by response surface method

Disodium phosphate solution was used for extracting pectin from sweet potato residues, and response surface methodology was adopted to optimise the effects of extraction parameters on the pectin yield (%, w/w). The independent variables were liquid/solid ratio, extraction time (h), extraction temperature (°C) and solution pH. The optimal conditions were determined, and 3‐D response surface plot was plotted from the mathematical models. The results indicated that all four factors significantly affected the pectin yield in the following order: solution pH > extraction time > extraction temperature > liquid/solid ratio. The selected optimal extraction conditions were liquid/solid ratio 20:1, extraction time 3.3 h, extraction temperature 66 °C and solution pH 7.9. These conditions yielded about 10.24% of pectin vs. 10.27% for the predicted value. The degree of esterification and gel strength of extracted pectin with disodium phosphate solution in the optimised condition were 11.2% and 115.6 g, respectively.