DP590钢连续冷却过程中的相变规律

通过热膨胀试验、显微组织观察等研究了DP590钢的静态CCT曲线以及加热温度对连续冷却相变规律的影响。结果表明:随着加热温度的升高,奥氏体转变量呈多速增加的趋势;其静态CCT曲线可分为三个区域,冷速在0.5～15℃·s-1范围内获得铁素体和珠光体组织,冷速超过15℃·s-1时出现贝氏体组织,冷速较高时(约30℃·s-1)出现马氏体组织;当加热温度降低时,珠光体区右移,贝氏体转变孕育期延长,马氏体开始转变温度降低,马氏体与贝氏体相变区域分离,马氏体开始转变温度随着冷速的增加而升高;随着冷速增加,铁素体、珠光体的析出被抑制,马氏体析出动力得以增加;随着加热温度升高,相同冷却速率下的铁素体含量增多,马氏体板条变细。     

含钛高强度钢变形奥氏体的连续冷却相变

用Gleeble-1500型热力模拟试验机研究了含钛高强度钢变形奥氏体在连续冷却过程中的相变规律，用膨胀法结合金相法建立了该钢变形和未变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变曲线（CCT），并探讨了该钢的热轧可行性。结果表明：高温变形促进该钢铁素体和珠光体相变，同时抑制了贝氏体相变，扩大了铁素体转变区；试验钢变形奥氏体的CCT曲线具有较宽的铁素体转变区，贝氏体的开始转变温度较低，可把此温度之上作为卷取区。这为热轧生产含钛高强度钢提供了基本条件。     

高强耐候钢相变组织变化规律研究

进行了400MPa级高强耐候钢的成分设计和试验室冶炼，通过热模拟试验，分析了不同工艺条件下奥氏体晶粒的变化规律；并进一步测定了试制钢的动态、静态CCT曲线，对其相变规律进行了初步研究。结果表明：动态连续冷却转变温度略高于静态转变，动态连续转变γ＋α两相区的温度区间在100℃以上，静态连续冷却转变两相区的温度区间在70～90℃之间；冷却转变的显微组织为大量铁素体和部分珠光体。     

20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢的连续冷却转变行为

采用热膨胀仪测定20Cr1MolVTiB钢在不同淬火温度(9501100℃)下的贝氏体转变点和较佳淬火温度下的连续冷却相变点,结合组织观察和硬度测试绘制连续冷却转变曲线;利用经验公式建立相变点和相转变量与冷却速率的关系,并计算相变激活能。结果表明:随着淬火温度升高,试验钢中贝氏体转变温度降低,较佳淬火温度为1050℃;冷却速率不高于0.5℃·s-1时,过冷奥氏体转变产物为先共析铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体,冷却速率超过0.5℃·s^-1时则为单一贝氏体;相变点-冷却速率和相转变量-冷却速率拟合曲线与试验结果吻合较好,先共析铁素体和贝氏体相变激活能分别为744.8,274.9 kJ·mol^-1。     

440MPa级高强IF钢的连续冷却相变规律

利用膨胀仪和热模拟试验机测定了440MPa级高强度IF钢的静态和动态CCT曲线,并对其相变规律进行了分析。结果表明:在静态和动态转变的开始阶段均出现了铁素体组织,随冷速的提高出现了贝氏体铁素体组织,使转变产物晶粒细化;与静态转变相比,动态转变提高了奥氏体向铁素体转变的开始温度,促进了铁素体相变,使转变产物晶粒细化。     

LGB38MnV钢连续冷却转变曲线及组织研究

利用膨胀法在Gleeble-3500热模拟机上测定了LGB38Mn V钢的相变点,并绘制了连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,确定了各转变组织的转变温度和临界冷却速度。结果表明,LGB38MnV钢在高温区和小的冷却速度下形成铁素体+珠光体,在中温和相对较大一些的冷却速度下形成贝氏体,在低温和快速冷却时形成马氏体,珠光体和马氏体的临界冷却速度分别为1°C·s~(-1)和3°C·s~(-1).     

钼含量对3Cr2MnNiMoV钢奥氏体连续冷却转变行为的影响

采用FORMASTOR-FII型相变仪测不同钼含量3Cr2MnNiMoV钢的临界相变点和热膨胀曲线,结合显微组织和硬度结果,绘制奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,研究了钼含量对该钢奥氏体连续冷却转变行为的影响。结果表明:在0.03~16.2℃·s~(-1)冷却速率范围内,试验钢的CCT曲线都可以划分为中温转变区和低温转变区,相变产物分别为贝氏体和马氏体,均未发现珠光体;随着钼含量的增加,试验钢马氏体转变的临界冷却速率降低,CCT曲线右移,淬透性提高;随着冷却速率的增加,试验钢的显微硬度先快速增加后缓慢增加,当冷却速率大于0.14℃·s~(-1)时,在相同的冷却速率下,含有较多钼元素的试验钢具有更高的硬度。     

奥氏体区压缩变形对低碳贝氏体钢贝氏体相变的影响

通过热膨胀相变仪得到热膨胀曲线,结合显微组织和硬度测试结果,绘制Si-Mn-MoCr-V低碳贝氏体钢的静态过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线;利用热模拟试验机在奥氏体区对试验钢进行不同变形量的压缩变形,随后冷却到不同温度保温150s再空冷至室温,研究了奥氏体区压缩变形对贝氏体相变和显微组织的影响。结果表明:未经奥氏体区压缩变形、奥氏体区单道次压缩变形40%、奥氏体区两道次压缩变形58%条件下,试验钢贝氏体相变起始温度分别约为400,385,300℃;奥氏体区压缩变形后试验钢在冷却过程中的贝氏体相变延迟,相变起始温度降低,且变形量越大,贝氏体相变的起始温度越低;与未奥氏体区压缩变形试验钢相比,奥氏体区变形后试验钢在冷却过程中形成的贝氏体组织明显细化,晶粒取向增多,且硬度明显升高。     

BM510L汽车大梁钢的连续冷却转变曲线

采用膨胀法在Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机上测定了BM510L钢在不同冷速下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线及连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线);利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计研究了BM510L钢连续冷却过程中奥氏体转变后的组织和显微硬度。结果表明:随着冷速的提高,铁素体转变开始温度降低,珠光体转变终了温度也逐渐降低,当冷速大于1℃·s-1时,组织中开始发生贝氏体转变,当冷速为15℃·s-1时,组织已完全转变为贝氏体组织;随着冷速的提高,其显微硬度逐渐增大。     

高钒高速钢连续冷却转变曲线的测定与分析

利用Gleeble1500D型热模拟试验机测定了新型高钒高速钢在1 000 ℃奥氏体化后以不同冷却速率冷却时的相变膨胀曲线,并用Origin软件绘制了该钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线.结果表明:高钒高速钢在连续冷却过程中存在珠光体、贝氏体和马氏体转变;当冷却速率在0.25 ℃/s时,能获得珠光体、贝氏体、马氏体与奥氏体的混合组织;马氏体开始转变的临界冷却速率约为0.5 ℃/s,其开始转变点Ms低于200 ℃,且随着冷却速率的增大而降低.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

基于多目标非支配解提取法的电力系统无功优化

针对传统的电力系统多目标粒子群优化算法采用权重系数法将多目标转化为单目标,从而忽视了各目标函数间的竞争关系这一问题,提出将非支配解提取法运用到电力系统多目标无功优化中,并设定了一套提取规则,以电力系统中的有功网损、电压偏差和电压稳定裕度为目标,使目标在充分竞争的情况下得出Pareto最优解,利用IEEE-14节点系统对多目标非支配解提取法的电力系统无功优化进行了仿真测试。研究结果表明,该算法一次运行可以得出多组非支配解,既有偏向单个目标的解也有兼顾所有目标的解,克服了权重系数法的盲目性和单一性,可使电力决策者根据实际问题选择最优解,具有较好的灵活性与多样性。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.