硅油在微圆管道内流动特性的实验研究

随着微机电系统的发展 ,微流动技术作为其重要的分支 ,其研究越来越显得重要。文章主要对硅油在不同的微管内径下的流动规律进行了实验研究 ,以探索微观领域和宏观领域的区别。本实验中采用的介质是高黏度的硅油 ,微管内径分别为 5 0 μm和 10 0 μm ,管长为 4 0mm ,测量了硅油在该微管道中流动的流量和压力特性。在本实验条件下 ,试验结果基本上与宏观流动特性相似 ,流量和液体的压降呈线性关系 ,N S方程在此实验条件下仍可以适用     

微管道中压力驱动液体流动特性的数值模拟研究

MEMS系统的飞速发展让人们对微尺度领域的研究产生了极大的兴趣.对压力驱动下蒸馏水流过直径20μm微管道的流量-压力、流速-压力特性进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明,在该仿真条件下,蒸馏水的流动规律基本符合宏观条件下的Navier-Stokes和Hagen-Poiseuille方程.在仿真研究中还考虑了重力对流动特性的影响,结果发现,在微米尺度下,重力对流动的流量与速度的影响很小,几乎可以忽略不计.     

细胞注射微针的流动特性研究

讨论了细胞微针内流体特性对细胞定量注射的影响，对不同尺寸的微玻璃针进行了临界喷射流动状态和流动特性的实验研究，取得了微玻璃针临界喷射状态的几何条件及能量条件等实验数据。实验结果表明，微玻璃针在临界喷射状态下实验数据符合流体静力学理论，在流动状态下实验数据与宏观尺度下流体动力学理论有偏离。     

微尺度流动研究的简要综述

显微机械加工技术和微机电系统研究的发展为微尺度流动研究开辟一个全新的领域。微观尺度下表现出来的大表面积体积比、表面效应、稀薄性和可压缩性等问题,表明微尺度流体流动所基于的物理因素与宏观尺度下是不同的。目前,微尺度流体流动应用技术的发展速度已经远远超过其本身机理的研究,文中对微尺度流体流动的有关研究进行阐述,为其本身机理的进一步深入研究提供参考。     

铜纳米流体的制备及微流动特性研究

采用混合法配制了铜纳米粒子质量分数分别为1%和2%的铜-水纳米流体,通过添加相同质量分数的十二烷基苯磺酸钠分散剂并施加超声振动,使纳米流体的粒子稳定悬浮时间达30~40h。实验研究了所配制的纳米流体在压力驱动下流经直径分别为25μm和50μm的不同长度微圆管道的流动特性,并与蒸馏水流动特性及理论估算值进行了对比,发现纳米流体流量-压力特性基本呈线性关系,与理论估算值存在一定偏差,这主要是由尺度效应等所致。     

显微粒子图像测速技术——微流场可视化测速技术及应用综述

目前,随着微流动器件的应用领域更加广泛,包括化学、生命科学、芯片实验室及微加工制造(Micro electro mechanicalsystems,MEMS)等相关领域,流体在微流动器件内部的流动行为成为重要的研究内容。微尺度、低雷诺数流动的表面力作用相对增强,微尺度流动行为与宏观尺度有显著不同,目前许多复杂的微尺度流动现象还无法给出合理的解释。显微粒子图像测速技术(Micro-scale particle image velocimetry,Micro-PIV)是一种整场、瞬态、定量的微流场可视化技术,目前已达到相当高的分辨率(0.1μm),成为一种重要的微流动研究手段,引起广泛的研究关注。综述Micro-PIV技术在基本理论、关键技术、三维测速等方面的最新研究进展,并重点介绍Micro-PIV技术在近壁面流动、电渗流、微混合、生物流体、微液滴与气泡等研究中的应用进展,最后对此项技术的发展做展望。     

非极性流体在微通道内的阻力特性分析

研究非极性流体在微通道内的流动特性。采用的微流动实验台通过测量不同极性液体流过矩形截面微通道中流量与压力,分析了不同极性流体的阻力特性。结果表明:对分子量较小的极性液体,微通道内流量-压差关系符合Hagen-Poiseuille定律,连续介质模型仍适用于微米尺度微通道;对分子量较大的非极性液体,常规理论在预测微通道内流量-压差、摩擦阻力系数-雷诺数关系时存在较大误差,须进行修正。     

微注塑成形中熔体充模流动分析及其数值模拟

借鉴宏观熔体的流变学理论和建模技术,针对微尺度流道中的聚合物熔体流动特性,采用模型修正方法,建立反映微小通道中熔体流动特性的理论模型.同时,应用数值模拟方法,研究微尺度粘度、壁面滑移和熔体与模具间的表面传热系数对微小熔体流动的影响关系,并与相关试验数据进行比较.结果表明,微流道中的熔体粘度明显小于传统理论下的粘度值,且与微流道的特征尺寸成正比.随微流道特征尺寸减小,滑移系数也明显减小,壁面滑移速度则增大.考虑局部表面传热系数时微流道中的熔体温度分布具有尺寸效应.微尺度流道中的熔体流动行为与宏观熔体有许多不同.     

微流体实验技术研究

微流体实验技术的研究是微流体器件发展的迫切需要，它不仅可以提供测量微流体器件性能必备的工具，而且对于探索微观尺度流体的传输机制具有极为重要的意义。文章对微流体实验技术的难点进行了概括，并对几种主要的微流体实验技术进行了讨论，指出流动显示技术由于对流动本身的干扰非常小，而且在一些研究人员的努力下精度得到不断提高，已经成为一种最有潜力的微流体实验技术。     

亲水性和疏水性微管道中流动滑移特性的实验研究

通过对微圆管道内表面进行界面性质处理，研究了不同界面性质对去离子水在内径50μm微管道中的流动滑移特性的影响。通过实验，在微圆管道内表面自组装一层疏水性单分子octadecyltrichlorosilane（OTS）膜来改变界面性质，并采用体积法测量压力驱动下微圆管道中去离子水的流量，观察去离子水在亲水性和疏水性表面微圆管道中的流动滑移情况。结果表明，去离子水在亲水性表面流动的压力一流量特性仍符合经典的Navier—Stokes方程，而去离子水在疏水性表面管道中流动时，其流量明显增大，说明去离子水在疏水性表面微圆管道中的流动出现了表面滑移。其原因是，疏水性表面使微管道表面的粗糙度降低，微管道表面产生微气泡或低密度液体而引起流动滑移。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.