Effect of chemical phosphorylation on solubility of buffalo milk proteins

Buffalo milk proteins (casein, co-precipitate or whey protein concentrate) were phosphorylated with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl₃) at three different pH values (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0). The solubilities of phosphorylated milk proteins were examined over the pH range 3.0–9.0 in water and ionic (0.1 m NaCl or 10–70 mm Ca²⁺) systems. The solubilities of buffalo milk proteins decreased at pH 3.0, while there was an increase in the solubilities of casein and co-precipitate near their isoelectric points upon phosphorylation. Solubilities of these phosphorylated milk proteins were pH dependent in 0.1 m NaCl but there was a decrease in their solubilities with increase in calcium ion concentration. This alteration could be due to the shifting of isoionic points of phosphorylated buffalo milk proteins towards acidic pH.     

Effect of laver powder on textual,rheological properties and water distribution of squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi gel

In order to ameliorate the gel quality of Dosidicus gigas surimi, the effects of laver powder on gel properties, rheological properties, and water-holding capacity (WHC) were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of laver powder could significantly increase the hardness, chewiness, and breaking force of surimi gels. However, the texture indexes and gel strength began to decline when additional amount exceeded 0.6%. Rheological results demonstrated that the addition of laver powder increased the storage modulus (G′) and viscosity of surimi, prolonged protein denaturation temperature in surimi gels. Moreover, the WHC of surimi gel was improved with the increase of laver powder. Further analyses in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that laver powder could shorten the transverse relaxation time, enhanced the combination with water, and altered the distribution of different water categories. The proportion of bound water and immobilized water reached its maximum and minimum at 0.6% of laver powder, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that WHC of surimi gel was negatively correlated well with the proportion of loose-bound water, but positively correlated with the strong-bound water and free water. In conclusion, the results supported that 0.6% was the optimal additional amount of laver powder for the squid-based surimi production based on the current ingredients of surimi products.     

邻苯二酚诱导的蓝莓花色苷偶合氧化降解

为了明确蓝莓花色苷在贮藏及加工过程中的降解途径,本文系统地研究了花色苷-多酚氧化酶（Polyphenol Oxidase,PPO）-邻苯二酚的偶合氧化反应机制,探讨了三者之间的量效反应关系。结果表明,邻苯二酚的酶促氧化生成醌类物质和花色苷与醌类物质的氧化反应是偶合氧化体系中主要的两类反应;花色苷的偶合氧化降解符合一级反应动力学模型;当体系中花色苷浓度为54 mg/L时,虽然花色苷的降解速率会随着邻苯二酚浓度的增加而增加,但当邻苯二酚浓度高于1.33 mmol/L时,邻苯二酚浓度的变化对花色苷降解速率影响逐渐变小;花色苷初始浓度越高,邻苯二酚氧化的速率越低,花色苷的降解速率也越低;而酶浓度的增加会导致花色苷的降解速率线性增加。本文结果可推断,在蓝莓贮藏及加工过程中,其组织中的PPO会与其酚类底物结合,产生相应的醌类物质,而这些物质再通过耦合氧化反应导致蓝莓花色苷降解,从而最终导致果实或者相关产品的褐变。且其褐变速率与组织中酶的活性、酚类底物以及花色苷含量都有密切的关系。     

Phase transition in potato starch–water system I. Starch gelatinization at high moisture level

Optical microscopy, micro-calorimetry (Calvet), FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study thermal phase transitions in potato starch–water systems at high moisture level (66–82%). Phase transition in potato starch–water systems depended on the moisture content of the system. At higher moisture contents (e.g. >66%), a first-order transition was observed at about 65 °C, which is associated with gelatinization of starch. The transition was cooperative, involving swelling of starch granules with loss of birefringence and crystallinity. Alteration in the secondary structure and conformation of starch is suggested by the changes around 1020 cm⁻¹ (mainly C–O–H bond vibration) in FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of cultivar, fertilization regime and genetic transformation and storage period on the phase transition behavior of potato starch–water system was also examined.     

浙江地区中温大曲贮存过程细菌群落多样性及功能预测分析

利用16S rRNA高通量测序和理化分析技术分别解析浙江地区中温大曲贮存过程中细菌群落多样性和理化特征演替,并结合生物信息学方法预测菌群功能。结果表明,大曲贮存90 d后,pH和含水量显著降低（P<0.05）,酸度显著升高（P<0.05）,且贮存前后细菌群落多样性和结构组成差异显著（P<0.05）。乳酸杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和魏斯式菌属（Weissella）是大曲贮存期间的绝对优势属,其相对丰度范围分别为47.56%～63.44%和25.16%～42.77%。魏斯式菌属相对丰度与含水量和pH呈正相关,而酸度与乳酸杆菌属、醋酸杆菌属（Acetobacter）和克罗彭斯特菌属（Kroppenstedtia）相对丰度呈正相关。此外,功能预测结果表明中温大曲贮存期间的基因功能主要与代谢、遗传信息处理和环境信息处理等功能相关。     

基于柠檬酸-铕纳米配位聚合物构建荧光探针快速检测汤煲中5’-肌苷酸含量

基于柠檬酸-铕金属有机纳米配体聚合物（citrate/europium lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles,Cit/Eu LCP NPs）构建快速检测肉品汤煲中5’-肌苷酸（inosine-5’-monophosphate,5’-IMP）的荧光探针。研究结果表明,5’-IMP对Cit/Eu?LCP?NPs有良好的荧光猝灭作用。在最佳条件下,该荧光探针在5’-IMP?2.5～200?μg/mL的质量浓度范围内呈现出良好的线性关系,检出限为0.17?μg/mL,且具备良好的抗干扰、稳定性和重复性。为了验证方法可行性,将该方法应用于实际鸡汤样品中的5’-IMP检测,测得加标回收率为97.85%～103.95%,可为快速检测肉品汤煲中5’-IMP提供新的思路和方法。     

Recent developments in novel freezing and thawing technologies applied to foods

This article reviews the recent developments in novel freezing and thawing technologies applied to foods. These novel technologies improve the quality of frozen and thawed foods and are energy efficient. The novel technologies applied to freezing include pulsed electric field pre-treatment, ultra-low temperature, ultra-rapid freezing, ultra-high pressure and ultrasound. The novel technologies applied to thawing include ultra-high pressure, ultrasound, high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF), and radio frequency. Ultra-low temperature and ultra-rapid freezing promote the formation and uniform distribution of small ice crystals throughout frozen foods. Ultra-high pressure and ultrasound assisted freezing are non-thermal methods and shorten the freezing time and improve product quality. Ultra-high pressure and HVEF thawing generate high heat transfer rates and accelerate the thawing process. Ultrasound and radio frequency thawing can facilitate thawing process by volumetrically generating heat within frozen foods. It is anticipated that these novel technologies will be increasingly used in food industries in the future.