Scallops as a new source of food protein: high-intensity ultrasonication improved stability of oil-in-water emulsion stabilised by myofibrillar protein

In this study, the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) (200 and 400 W for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min respectively) on conformational changes, physicochemical, rheological and emulsifying properties of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) myofibrillar protein (SMP) was investigated. HIUS-treated SMP had lower α-helix content and higher β-sheet content compared with the native SMP. HIUS treatment induced the unfolding of SMP and increased the surface hydrophobicity. The particle size of SMP decreased and the absolute zeta-potential increased after ultrasonication, which in turn increased the solubility of SMP. The conformational changes and the improvement of physicochemical properties of SMP increased the ability for SMP to lower the interfacial tension at the oil–water interface and increased the percentage of adsorbed protein. As a result, the emulsifying properties, rheological properties of SMP and storage stability of emulsions were also improved. In conclusion, HIUS treatment has future potential for improving the emulsifying properties of SMP.     

Effects of plant-based content,flavor and texture information on consumer satisfaction with non-fried ramen

The purpose of this study was to screen flavor information for positioning of non-fried ramen products and to examine the applicability of plant-based ingredient content in flavor communication. Effects of information related to savoriness, spiciness, menu name, plant-based ingredient content (%), and texture of samples on informed satisfaction were examined using home–use tests and online surveys. In order to form a regression model that explained variations in the informed satisfaction of non-fried ramen samples, we created indices that integrated the importance of information and the congruence of information with flavor perception. We have confirmed that effects of congruence on increasing satisfaction were higher than those of importance of information. When congruence/importance was used as an independent variable, a quadratic regression equation has explained the variations on satisfaction levels with an R² value of 72.7% (p = 0.006). Considering the positive congruence effect that plant-based ingredient percentages and perceived flavors had on informed satisfaction levels, communication schemes are needed to promote foods that have high percentages of plant-based ingredients.     

负载染料木素纳米脂质体的制备 及其体外抗炎活性研究

为了提高染料木素（Gen）的生物利用率以及为脂溶性生物活性物质在新型功能食品中的开发提供参考,采用薄膜分散法,以大豆卵磷脂和胆固醇为原料,制备了负载Gen的纳米脂质体（Gen@Lip）,并对其基本指标、结构、储存稳定性、体外释放特性和抗炎活性进行分析。结果表明：制备的Gen@Lip的Gen负载量为36%,Gen@Lip的平均粒径为（242.73±2.03）nm,多分散指数为0.32,Zeta-电位为（-16.33±1.16）mV;结构表征结果证实Gen被有效包埋在Gen@Lip中;Gen@Lip具有良好的储存稳定性;Gen@Lip能够有效地通过胃进入到肠道实现缓释作用;相较于游离的Gen,Gen@Lip对Raw 264.7细胞有更强的抑炎效果,且在使用范围（＜100 μmol/L）内无毒副作用。综上,所制备的Gen@Lip可提高Gen的生物利用率,并具有明显的抗炎效果。     

大黄鱼卵分离蛋白的凝胶特性分析

本文以大黄鱼卵盐溶蛋白为原料,在85℃加热20 min后于室温下放置12 h制备大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶,并对其凝胶特性进行分析,同时探究了pH对大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶特性的影响.结果显示,大黄鱼卵分离蛋白成胶的最低浓度为100 mg/mL,且在pH8条件下的制备的大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶具有更好的流变特性.低场核磁和扫描电镜的...     

天然保鲜剂对预制南美白对虾贮藏品质的影响

为研究阿魏酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸三种天然保鲜剂对预制南美白对虾冷藏（4℃）期间品质变化影响,以菌落总数（Total Bacterial Count,TBC）、挥发性盐基氮（Total Volatile Base Nitrogen,TVB-N）、pH、硫代巴比妥酸值（Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS）、剪切力等为考察指标,结合表观性状综合评价作用效果。结果表明,与对照组样品相比,三种天然保鲜剂均可抑制预制南美白对虾冷藏期间TBC、TVB-N、TBARS值的升高,延缓质地软化,保持较好的感官品质,且作用效果与浓度正相关。pH与TBARS的变化趋势相似,且显著正相关（r=0.997,P<0.05）。在三种天然保鲜剂中,绿原酸处理对预制南美白对虾冷藏抑菌效果最佳,咖啡酸处理对其质地保护能力最佳,阿魏酸能明显抑制虾肉蛋白降解、质地变软,延缓虾体黑变。与对照组样品冷藏货架期5 d相比,使用1%阿魏酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸处理后,预制南美白对虾冷藏货架期分别延长至14、12、12 d。     

中华草龟内脏油的水酶法提取及其不同部位脂质组成分析

采用单因素实验对水酶法提取中华草龟内脏油工艺进行优化,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-四极杆时间质谱法（UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS）分析中华草龟内脏、脂肪块、卵、肌肉脂质的脂肪酸组成、脂质组成。结果表明,水酶法提取中华草龟内脏油最优工艺条件为使用碱性蛋白酶、酶解时间0.5 h、酶添加量（以内脏粉质量计）0.5%、酶解温度55 ℃、pH 7、料液比1∶ 4,在此条件下提油率为（66.56±1.25）%。中华草龟4个部位脂质中检出包括异构体在内的16种脂肪酸,检出139种脂质成分,主要为甘三酯,还有少量的磷脂、鞘磷脂和甘二酯。主成分分析表明,脂肪块和内脏中的脂质成分相似,而与卵、肌肉中脂质组成有较大差异。综上,中华草龟脂质具有作为食用油脂开发的潜力。     

鲤鱼肌肉蒸制过程中的品质变化

采用理化检验、光学显微镜和质构分析法(TPA)对新鲜鲤鱼肌肉组织在蒸制过程中理化性质、微观结构和质构特性进行了分析,并采用SDS-PAGE电泳法分析了流失液的蛋白形式,以期明确鲤鱼肌肉在蒸制过程中品质变化规律,提出鲤鱼肌肉组织蒸制的最佳工艺条件。研究表明:随加热时间延长,肌肉组织失重率、失水率和p H值呈上升趋势,肌原纤维蛋白提取率在2 min内迅速降低,而后缓慢降低。鱼肉蒸制后肌浆蛋白等水溶性蛋白流失,随时间延长蛋白质变性程度加深。加热过程中肌肉组织微观结构变化明显,纤维间隙逐渐增大直至纤维断裂。硬度、咀嚼性、回复性及剪切力均随加热时间延长而降低,在4 min后趋于平稳。综合分析,为保证营养价值和质构特性,规格为1.5 cm3的鲤鱼肌肉组织蒸制时间为4 min较好。     

南极磷虾蛋白营养与功能特性及食用安全性研究进展

南极磷虾富含优质蛋白,被认为是地球上最大、也是最后一个潜在动物性蛋白资源库。目前,南极磷虾蛋白产品以虾粉、冷冻南极磷虾肉等初级产品为主,缺乏高附加值产品。本文系统综述了南极磷虾蛋白的营养特性及其评价、功能特性及其改性、功能活性及其作用机制、食用安全性问题,以期为南极磷虾蛋白的精深加工及综合利用提供研究思路。