Poly(lactic acid) film incorporated with marigold flower extract (Tagetes erecta) intended for fatty-food application

Bilayer functional film made of poly(lactic acid), PLA incorporated with 2 wt.% marigold flower extract containing astaxanthin (PLA2M) was fabricated by using a blown-extrusion process. The release of astaxanthin, a keto-carotenoid antioxidant, from the PLA-based film towards 95% ethanol (ETOH) was investigated at 30 and 40 °C. PLA and PLA2M that had been in contact with 95% ETOH at 30 and 40 °C were also investigated for their optical, thermal, structural, molecular weight and barrier properties. PLA2M showed approximately 21% reduction in its water vapor permeability (WVP) as compared to PLA (control bilayer functional film). No significant differences were observed between both PLA and PLA2M in terms of their thermal properties and O₂ permeability. Molecular weight of PLA2M had a slight decreased than that of PLA after processing. A significant change was observed in the IR spectra of PLA2M especially for the carbonyl stretching (1749 cm⁻¹), and –C–O–C aliphatic ester bending (1132 cm⁻¹), which due to the structure of astaxanthin that consists of polyunsaturated alkenes and carbonyl group. Diffusion of astaxanthin from PLA films into 95% ETOH at 30 and 40 °C were 12.7 and 22.8 × 10⁻¹¹ cm²/s, respectively. New crystal domains were formed for the samples exposed to 95% ETOH at 30 and 40 °C due to solvent induced crystallization, with higher temperature inducing larger crystallization. Pouches made of PLA2M were able to maintain the freshness of soybean oil at 30 °C, under light exposure to less than 5 days per guideline by the Codex Alimentarius (<10 milliequivalent/kg), and could be attributed to the slow release of astaxanthin.     

稳定同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定牛奶及牛源性婴幼儿配方乳粉中A1型和A2型β-酪蛋白含量

目的 建立基于纯化蛋白和稳定同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)定性及定量测定牛奶及牛源性婴幼儿配方乳粉中A1和A2 β-酪蛋白变异体的分析方法。方法 首先将β-酪蛋白标准品中A1和A2 β-酪蛋白变异体在高效液相色谱仪上分离,通过各自的纯化蛋白确定两种变异体在标准品中的含量,再将试样中的β-酪蛋白经胰蛋白酶酶解成肽,经UPLC-MS/MS检测。通过筛选的特异肽段,经β-酪蛋白标准品及稳定同位素稀释内标法计算,获得试样中β-酪蛋白A1变异体和A2变异体的含量。结果 本研究采用的β-酪蛋白标准对照品中A1和A2 β-酪蛋白变异体含量分别为20.8%和55.1%,且在检测中标准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.99,方法重现性中相对标准偏差为2.290%～4.720%。结论 本方法溯源性及精密度好,适用于牛奶及牛源性婴幼儿配方乳粉中两种β-酪蛋白变异体的测定。     

不同干燥方式下沙丁鱼干燥特性的比较

为了研究不同干燥方式对沙丁鱼干燥特性的影响,采取冷风、热风、微波真空、冷风-微波真空和热风-微波真空5种干燥方式对沙丁鱼进行处理,研究不同干燥方式对沙丁鱼色泽、质构、水分变化、微观结构和干燥后对蛋白质二级结构的影响。结果表明,不同干燥方式对干制鱼肉色泽影响差异显著(p<0.05),微波真空干燥有助于提高鱼肉的亮度,并与鲜肉最为接近,冷风-微波真空在色度方面表现良好;不同干燥方式对质构影响显著(p<0.05),干燥方式中,微波真空干燥方式有降低硬度、咀嚼度;微观结构中热风和冷风处理后的肌肉纤维紧密,冷风-微波真空处理后的肌肉呈现疏松且密集的网状;干燥使得不易流动水大量流失,水分发生迁移,微波真空与热风-微波真空、冷风-微波真空干燥使肌肉纤维疏松;同时,干燥破坏了蛋白质二级结构,使得α-螺旋向β-折叠、无规则卷曲转化,冷风干燥对其二级结构的影响程度最小,结果为沙丁鱼的生产加工提供理论依据。     

基于高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术检测畜肉中的瓜尔胶

建立畜肉中瓜尔胶的高效液相色谱-质谱测定法。样品经β-甘露聚糖酶酶解,加入乙腈沉淀蛋白后离心,上清液经过中性氧化铝柱净化,用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定,外标法定量。结果表明,瓜尔胶在线性范围为0～2 g/kg,线性相关系数在0.99以上,检出限为0.030 0 g/kg,定量限为0.100 g/kg,回收率为85.4%～109.8%,相对标准偏差在1.5%～9.3%之间。该方法前处理简便、检测指标明确、灵敏度高,可作为定量检测畜肉中添加瓜尔胶的有效手段。     

The impact of recrystallisation on the freeze-thaw cycles of red seabream (Pagrus major) fillets

Recrystallisation often occurs in the freeze-thaw cycles and results in poor food quality. This study was undertaken to analyse the effects of recrystallisation on the changes of protein conformation and moisture migration within red seabream fillets after the freeze-thaw cycles. The UV second-derivative spectroscopy, intrinsic fluorescence measurement and Raman spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the protein conformational changes. The Low-field NMR spectra analysis was used to evaluate moisture migration. The results indicated that the freeze-thaw cycles altered the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins. It was noticed that interactions between water and protein molecules were decreased gradually and eventually induced the thermal instability of the myosin molecules. The immobilised water content declined and the free water content increased. There were significant destructions in fillet muscle microstructure. These observations unambiguously reflect how the recrystallisations affect the protein conformation and moisture migration patterns of red seabream fillets during freeze-thaw cycles.     

消毒餐（饮）具中大肠菌群检测能力验证样品研制及其应用

目的 研制一种模拟消毒餐具采样涂抹过程的含菌棉拭子,应用于消毒餐饮具中大肠菌群检测能力验证。方法 阳性样品中含有目标菌和干扰菌,阴性样品仅含有干扰菌。随机抽取阴性、阳性样本各10瓶,按照GB 14934—2016附录B（发酵法）进行均匀性检验,将样品分别置于-20 ℃、4 ℃下贮藏120 d,在25 ℃、36 ℃和42 ℃下贮藏20~60 d监测其稳定性,检测结果应与指定值一致。发放3份样品,实验室最少收到1份阳性样品,其余随机发放。为防止数据串通,样本随机编号并缩短结果上报时间。结果 样品在均匀性、贮存稳定性和运输稳定性均能满足能力验证要求。通过考核,50家实验室评价满意,占91%;5家实验室评价不满意,占9%。结论 消毒餐饮具中大肠菌群检测能力验证样品可以满足能力验证要求,本次能力验证可真实反映参试单位的检测环境及检测水平。     

高效液相色谱法分析沙棘中类胡萝卜素的含量

目的 建立沙棘中β-胡萝卜素、玉米黄素、β-隐黄质、叶黄素等4种类胡萝卜素的高效液相色谱分析方法,并用于分析我国不同产地和不同品种沙棘中4种类胡萝卜素的赋存状态及含量差异,以及不同采摘时期类胡萝卜素的变化规律。方法 沙棘鲜果经冷冻干燥预处理,取适量沙棘粉进行皂化,再用正己烷提取, 二氯甲烷-乙腈-甲醇（2:3:5,V:V:V）复溶, 经YMC Carotenoid 色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3.0 μm)分离,以二氯甲烷-乙腈-甲醇（2:3:5,V:V:V）为流动相,等度洗脱,DAD检测器检测,外标法定量。采集新疆、四川、吉林、山西和河北等地的19个沙棘样本,并以新疆阿勒泰地区深秋红品种为代表,从9月初至12月底分9期采样,对样本中4种类胡萝卜素的含量进行分析。结果 β-胡萝卜素、玉米黄素、β-隐黄质、叶黄素等4种类胡萝卜素在1.0~200 g/mL的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)大于0.99, 方法检出限为2.0 mg/100 g, 定量限为6.0 mg/100 g。加标回收率为88.1%~92.7%, RSD为1.36%~8.36% (n=6)。19个沙棘样品中类胡萝卜素的总含量介于1468.4~6999.1 mg/kg之间,平均含量为3287.9 mg/kg。β-胡萝卜素、玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、叶黄素的平均含量分别为581.3、1789.4、102.0、815.3 mg/kg。结论 本研究建立的分析方法准确、可靠,对19个沙棘样本进行分析,结果表明不同品种沙棘中4种类胡萝卜素的含量差异较大,对不同采摘时期的样本进行分析,结果表明11月中旬采摘的沙棘果类胡萝卜素的含量最高。