PCR-核酸薄膜层析法检测创伤弧菌

采用自行建立和优化的PCR-核酸薄膜层析检测体系,对创伤弧菌(Vibriovulnificus)进行检测。采用创伤弧菌的vvhA基因为目的片段设计特异性引物,建成可快速检测创伤弧菌的PCR-核酸薄膜层析检测法,并进行了特异性和灵敏度试验。结果表明,所建立起的检测法灵敏度为3.6×102 cfu·mL-1,比PCR-琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测方法高一个数量级。创伤弧菌的PCR-核酸薄膜层析检测方法具有较高灵敏度和良好特异性,操作简单,检测速度快,同时又保护了操作人员的身体健康,具有广阔的推广前景。     

Vaccination of Silver Sea Bream (Sparus sarba) against Vibrio alginolyticus: Protective Evaluation of Different Vaccinating Modalities

In order to develop more effective immunological strategies to prevent vibriosis of farmed marine fish in Hong Kong and southern China, various vaccine preparations including formalin-, phenol-, chloroform- and heat-killed whole cell bacterins and subcellular lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as well as different administration routes, were investigated. Fish immunized with the subcellular LPS exhibited the best protection [Relative Percent of Survival (RPS) = 100], while fish immunized with whole cell bacterins displayed varying degrees of protection (RPS ranged from 28 to 80), in descending order: formalin-killed > phenol-killed > heat-killed > chloroform-killed bacterins. Regarding various administration routes, fish immunized with two intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections exhibited the best protection, and the RPS values were 100 or 85 upon higher or lower doses of pathogenic V. alginolyticus challenges. Both oral vaccination and a combination of injection/immersion trial were also effective, which achieved relatively high protection (the RPS values ranged from 45 to 64.3). However, two hyperosmotic immersions could not confer satisfactory protection, especially when fish were exposed to the severe pathogenic bacteria challenge. Marked elevations of serum agglutinating antibody titer were detected in all immunized fish. Macrophage phagocytosis was enhanced significantly, especially in the fish immunized by formalin- and phenol-killed bacterins through various administration routes. Both adaptive (specific antibody) and innate (phagocytic activity) immunity elicited by different immunization strategies were in parallel with the degree of protection offered by each of them. Although all vaccination trials had no significant effect on the serum hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, the circulating lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated in the fish immunized with LPS, formalin- and phenol-killed bacterins. Serum cortisol levels appeared to be reduced in all immunized fish except the trial of hyperosmotic immersion, which indicated the stressful impact on vaccinated fish.     

中国明对虾凝血栓蛋白基因全长cDNA的克隆及其表达特征

获得了中国明对虾凝血栓蛋白(TSP)基因全长cDNA,该基因由2868个碱基组成,具有一个2763bp的开放阅读框,编码920个氨基酸,其中包含21个氨基酸组成的信号肽.中国明对虾TSP由四类不同的结构域组成,从N端开始顺序为几丁质结合结构域,EGF-like结构域,Type Ⅲ repeat和TSP carboxyl-terminal domain(TSP-C结构域).结构域分析发现,中国明对虾的N端不具有TSP N-terminal domain(TSPN结构域),但有一个几丁质结合结构域,其C端的Type Ⅲ和TSP-C结构域非常保守.该基因在弧菌感染后的对虾淋巴器官和肝胰脏中的表达量显著增加,并具有不同的时空表达趋势,提示中国明对虾TSP基因在免疫反应中具有重要作用.     

Three Microbial Musketeers of the Seas: Shewanella baltica,Aliivibrio fischeri and Vibrio harveyi,and Their Adaptation to Different Salinity Probed by a Proteomic Approach

Osmotic changes are common challenges for marine microorganisms. Bacteria have developed numerous ways of dealing with this stress, including reprogramming of global cellular processes. However, specific molecular adaptation mechanisms to osmotic stress have mainly been investigated in terrestrial model bacteria. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the basis of adjustment to prolonged salinity challenges at the proteome level in marine bacteria. The objects of our studies were three representatives of bacteria inhabiting various marine environments, Shewanella baltica, Vibrio harveyi and Aliivibrio fischeri. The proteomic studies were performed with bacteria cultivated in increased and decreased salinity, followed by proteolytic digestion of samples which were then subjected to liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. We show that bacteria adjust at all levels of their biological processes, from DNA topology through gene expression regulation and proteasome assembly, to transport and cellular metabolism. The finding that many similar adaptation strategies were observed for both low- and high-salinity conditions is particularly striking. The results show that adaptation to salinity challenge involves the accumulation of DNA-binding proteins and increased polyamine uptake. We hypothesize that their function is to coat and protect the nucleoid to counteract adverse changes in DNA topology due to ionic shifts.     

Validation of a method for the detection of five species,serogroups, biotypes and virulence factors of Vibrio by multiplex PCR in fish and seafood

In this work a sequential multiplex PCR system was designed and validated for the detection of most frequent foodborne pathogen Vibrio species in fish and seafood (Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginoliticus and Vibrio mimicus). The method proposed functions in a hierarchical way, being composed of an end-point multiplex PCR to detect the presence of DNA belonging to the studied species, followed by multiplex PCR and fragment analysis allowing the viability assessment of the detected strains. The final multiplex PCR step of the method may be applied if identification of the serogroup, biotype and/or virulence factor level is necessary. Forty samples of commercial fish and seafood products were used at the method validation stage. Sixty three marine organism samples obtained from various estuarine areas of Spain including shrimps, crabs, bivalve mollusks and fishes were screened for presence of Vibrio species and 2 mussel samples were found positive for V. parahaemolyticus. On the whole, the proposed method is robust and readily adaptable in routine molecular diagnostic laboratories, allowing monitoring and simultaneous detection of all these bacterial pathogens in seafood samples, reducing the expenses and time consumed by other analytical methods.     

3121份市售动物性水产品食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的 了解吉林省3121份水产品及其制品食源性致病菌污染情况, 为防控食源性疾病提供科学依据。 方法 从吉林省9个地市级行政区采集市售水产品及其制品样品共3121份,包括鲜活产品、生食产品、冷冻鱼糜制品和熟制品。按照国家标准方法检测10种食源性致病菌。结果 全部3121份样本食源性致病菌总阳性检出率为2.3%(72/3121)。检出率最高为生食产品(4.6%,25/540), 其次是冷冻鱼糜制品(2.5%,23/938)和鲜活产品(1.5%,24/1556)。检出的主要致病菌为单核细胞增生李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌。副溶血性弧菌主要污染生食产品和鲜活产品,检出率分别8.9%(16/180)和6.0%(18/299)。单增李斯特菌主要污染冷冻鱼糜制品,检出率为8.6%(21/244)。熟制品致病菌检出率为0%。其他致病菌检出率很低,甚至为0%。结论 吉林省市售的水产品及其制品受到食源性致病菌的污染, 存在食源性疾病发生的风险。     

蛭弧菌对溶藻弧菌的消除作用研究

本实验研究了盐度(NaCl浓度,以下同),Ca2+和Mg2+)对海洋蛭弧菌5#-12和5#-sh06生长活性和裂解溶藻弧菌能力的影响,测定了两株蛭弧菌对11株致病性溶藻弧菌的裂解谱,同时研究了其对牡蛎养殖水体和肠道中溶藻弧菌的清除作用.结果表明,在1.0-3.5%的盐度范围内,蛭孤菌均能生长,最适盐度为3.0%;ca2+和Mg2+浓度为3mM时,5#-sh06具有最好的生长活性,而5#-12在Ca2+和Mg2+浓度为4mM时生长活性达到最强;Ca2+和Mg2+浓度为4 mM时,蛭弧菌5#-12和5#-sh06的裂解能力平均分别提高了11.8%和22.6%;5#-12和5#-sh06分别能裂解其中9株和10株溶藻弧菌,而两株蛭弧菌协同作用,能裂解全部11株溶藻弧菌;蛭弧菌能够有效降低牡蛎肠道和养殖水体中弧菌的数量,试验第7 d,实验组牡蛎肠道和养殖水体中弧菌浓度对数值比对照组分别低7.24和7.97.本研究结果揭示了蛭弧菌作为生物消除剂在控制和消除食源致病性溶藻弧菌等病原菌方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

双通道荧光PCR快速检测水产品中主要致病性弧菌的研究

目的:建立水产品中副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌快速、敏感、特异的双通道荧光PCR同步鉴别体系.方法:针对副溶血弧菌TDH基因和霍乱弧菌ctxA基因设计合成2对特异性引物和2条Taqman探针,优化体系,建立双通道荧光PCR体系.结果:建立的双通道荧光PCR体系特异性强,引物和探针之间无干扰.对副溶血孤菌和霍乱孤菌的检测灵敏度高,下限均能达到5× 104 CFU/mL.体系稳定,重复性好,可操作性强,两种不同浓度基因组DNA无相互抑制现象,适用于不同条件、多种样品的检测.采用该方法对140份采自舟山、象山和杭州的各类水产品进行检测,副溶血弧菌和霍乱孤菌检出率分别为25.7％和3.6％,未见霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌混合污染的样品,表明建立的双重荧光PCR是一种可用于水产品等样品中副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌的快速、灵敏、特异的鉴别方法.