SNAP‐Tag‐Based Subcellular Protein Labeling and Fluorescent Imaging with Naphthalimides

Genetically encoded technologies provide methods for the specific labeling and imaging of proteins, which is essential to understand the subcellular localization of these proteins and their function. Herein, we employed naphthalimide, an efficient two‐photon fluorophore, to develop O⁶‐benzylguanine (BG) derivatives for specific labeling of subcellular proteins and fluorescent imaging through the SNAP‐tag. Three naphthalimide–BG derivatives, TNI‐BG, QNI‐BG, and ONI‐BG, were conveniently synthesized through modular “click chemistry” in high yields. All of them showed high labeling efficiency with SNAP‐tag in solution (≈1–2×10³ s^?1 m ^?1) and in bacteria. Among them, ONI‐BG showed high specificity to diffused, histone H2B and mitochondria COX8A targeted SNAP‐tag in mammalian cells. The protein‐labeled naphthalimides exhibited high two‐photon absorption cross‐sections, which indicated their potential application in protein‐specific two‐photon fluorescent imaging, such as two‐photon fluorescent lifetime imaging and two‐photon multicolor imaging. Therefore, ONI‐BG is a versatile tool that can be used to track subcellular proteins through multiple fluorescent techniques.     

一种新型复合热泵供热系统研究

为打造"零能耗建筑",基于云智小镇项目,利用DeST-h建筑能耗模拟软件,模拟建立1栋2层别墅,在具体气象参数下模拟出该建筑物一年所需的生活用热水及采暖能耗情况.同时,创新性地提出了一种新型复合热泵近零能耗供热系统,应用效果明显,社会效益和经济效益较好,验证了"零能耗建筑"的可行性,可为我国建筑节能领域"零能耗建筑"的发展提供借鉴.     

通风墙体的通风效果分析与数值模拟

本文根据新型空心砌块构筑成居住建筑外墙后，空心孔洞上下贯通的特点，提出了利用其中的一个空心孔洞作为通道，利用经常开启的厨房和卫生间的排风机作为动力，对室内进行通风的技术途径，并用CFD手段对某一典型房间的通风效果进行模拟。从模拟结果分析，通风效果良好，可有效解决城乡室内空气环境恶化问题，达到节能的目的。     

基于径向基概率神经网络的输电导线缺陷状态识别

输电导线作为承担电能传输任务的重要部件,及时发现其本体缺陷对指导维修避免重大电力事故的发生具有重要意义。考虑到无人机巡检中输电导线背景的复杂性和导线表面缺陷检测的困难度,提出一种基于径向基概率神经网络的输电导线缺陷状态识别方法。首先,依次采用加权色差法、最大类间方差法以及形态学滤波实现复杂背景下输电导线的准确分割。其次,将分割出的导线区域等距划分为10个导线子图像,通过Gabor滤波器获得输电导线8个角度、5个尺度的40幅纹理增强子图像,提取各个子图像的粗糙度、对比度和方向度3个纹理特征量,结合特征方差比筛选出10个强纹理特征;最后,将10个强纹理特征量作为径向基概率神经网络的输入,完成输电导线缺陷状态的识别。实验结果表明所提方法可以实现复杂背景下输电导线快速分割与缺陷状态的准确识别,为无人机巡检中输电导线的运行状态检测提供了新的思路。     

CBR和RBR融合的牵引变压器运维策略

牵引变压器在运行中易受到高电压、大电流、机械应力及其他环境因素的影响而产生发热、放电、绝缘不良等故障,为了制定合理的运维检修策略从而提高运行中牵引变压器的故障处理水平,提出一种基于规则推理(RBR)和基于案例推理(CBR)融合的牵引变压器运维决策方法:利用RBR获取能反映牵引变压器状态的关键参数,并根据规则库的知识储备得到初步检修方案;设计案例检索算法在状态检修案例库中匹配相似案例,提取检修策略;根据RBR的初步方案对CBR结果进行修改与复用,综合得到最优运维策略,指导检修工作。收集了60例目标案例验证融合决策模型的准确性,结果表明平均决策准确率可达81.67%,且通过实验可判断源案例数量的增加与决策准确率之间呈正相关关系。     

SiCp/Cu复合材料的SPS烧结及组织性能

以化学镀Cu包覆SiC粉末和高压氢还原法制备的Ni包SiC复合粉末为原料,用放电等离子体烧结法制备了SiCp/Cu复合材料.分析了增强相含量和烧结温度对致密化的影响,比较了非包覆粉末和包覆粉末制备的复合材料的界面结合状况.然后对SiCp/Cu复合材料的热膨胀行为和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:包覆粉末能够促进材料的致密化并且能获得良好的界面结合,所得SiCp/Cu复合材料的致密度达96.7%,抗压强度达1061 MPa.SiCp/Cu复合材料的热膨胀系数介于7.5×10-6～11.4×10-6·K-1之间,并且随SiC体积分数的增加而降低.材料在热循环过程中出现热滞现象,热滞现象受增强相的含量及界面结合状况的影响.     

高炉喷吹煤冶金性能评价方法

通过煤粉的可磨性、燃烧率、反应性、灰熔性、流动性等相关试验研究,对20多种高炉喷吹煤粉的冶金性能进行优劣分类排序,改变以往高炉喷煤优劣不分的局面,并形成了1套喷吹煤冶金性能的综合评价方法,为采购及生产提供依据.     

粉末注射成形TiAl超固相线液相烧结工艺研究

以Ti-47.5%Al-2.5%V-1.0%Cr(原子数分数)气雾化预合金粉末为原料,采用粉末注射成形工艺制备了TiAI合金材料,重点研究了该TiAI合金超固相线液相烧结温度区间和保温时间以及烧结体显微组织、密度和压缩性能的变化规律.结果表明:烧结温度在1410～1450℃,保温时间在1h以内,烧结体可以致密化;在1 450℃保温30min,烧结体相对密度可以达到95%,烧结体的抗压强度为2 105MPa,压缩率达到30.9%,接近铸态合金力学性能;随烧结温度升高,烧结体近片层组织中的7等轴晶逐渐减少,片层团逐渐增加.     

真空熔覆碳化钨/钴基合金复合涂层抗疲劳性能的研究

在45钢试样表面采用真空熔覆法制得碳化钨/钴基合金复合涂层,按照45钢热处理工艺对复合涂层进行正火处理,并借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等先进的测试手段对复合涂层的组织结构和表面形貌进行观察分析.应用疲劳试验机对不同碳化钨含量的复合涂层进行弯曲疲劳试验.结果表明:复合涂层在正火处理后的弯曲疲劳强度大大提高,比熔覆状态合金涂层高150～200MPa;在高周疲劳时比正火45钢的疲劳强度高80MPa左右;正火处理后,含15%(质量分数)WC的复合涂层的弯曲疲劳强度最大;复合涂层的疲劳强度除与硬度相关外,还与复合涂层和45钢基体的界面结合强度、涂层内部缺陷等因素有关.     

Studies on the adsorption of reactive brilliant red X-3B dye on organic and carbon aerogels

Organic aerogels (AGs) and carbon aerogels (CAs) as adsorbents were successfully fabricated by a sol-gel polymerization method. The BET specific surface area and pore size distribution of the samples were analyzed by N(2) adsorption measurements. The adsorption efficiency of prepared samples towards reactive brilliant red X-3B dye (RBRX) was investigated. The adsorption of dye was found to follow the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The thermodynamic parameters, such as the change of free energy, enthalpy and entropy were calculated from equilibrium constants. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of CA followed pseudo first and second order kinetic model, but the adsorption of AG only followed pseudo first order kinetic model. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of main preparation and adsorption conditions such as R/C (molar ratio of resorcinol (R) to surfactant (CTAB)) of adsorbent, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbent particle size on the adsorption of RBRX on AG and CA. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of dye increased with the decrease in dose and particle size of the adsorbent. Maximum adsorption of AGs and CAs was observed at R/C=200. The adsorption capacity of AG and CA would increase largely when pH<4 or pH>12.