Upcycling of polypropylene with various concentrations of peroxydicarbonate and dilauroyl peroxide and two processing steps

The influence of two peroxides (peroxydicarbonate/dilauroyl peroxide) with various concentrations (10–200 mmol/kg PP) and their effective opportunity to introduce long chain branched (LCB) were investigated. The dependence of a single and double extrusion step and the changes of the properties were studied. Experiments were carried out in a single screw extruder at 180°C for the first extrusion step (modification) and at 240°C for the second extrusion step (processing simulation). Melt flow rate and dynamic rheological properties were studied at a measuring temperature of 230°C. For the definitive determination of long chain branched polypropylene (LCB-PP) served the extensional rheology measurements. The mechanical properties were examined via tensile test and impact tensile test. Summarized, LCB (melt strength) could be observed via extensional rheology for all modified specimens and the mechanical properties were maintained or even improved for the modified samples. Particularly, samples containing dilauroyl peroxide display excellent mechanical properties in this study.     

高比例可再生能源电力系统的快速频率响应市场发展与建议

随着非同步电源渗透率增加,电网的惯性逐步降低,扰动后电网的频率变化率变大,频率调控面临着巨大挑战.近年来,快速频率响应(FFR)的概念已被提出,并应用于一次调频之前,为一次调频响应争取时间,使低惯性系统在一次调频响应前不至于到达系统低频减载的频率阈值.文中从典型FFR资源、辅助服务产品设计、市场交易和应用实例等几方面总结了国外FFR市场开展现状.结合中国电网应对未来低惯性系统的调频需求,阐述了FFR技术的研究趋势,并为中国FFR市场建设提出了建议和展望.     

基于吸附/解吸原理的海水淡化中试系统运行研究

基于吸附/解吸原理,研制出了1套淡水产量为100 kg/h的海水淡化实验系统,研究了流过吸附/解吸床的供回水温差和冷凝侧和蒸发侧压差随时间的变化关系,解吸床热水供回水温度和流量、吸附床冷却水流量等对系统产水率的影响。结果表明,解吸床热水供水温度和流量对淡水产率有显著影响。当进入解吸床的热水体积流量保持40 m^3/h不变,当热水温度从55℃升高到80℃时,系统的产水量从101.8 kg/h增加到191.3 kg/h;当进入解吸床的热水温度保持55℃不变,热水体积流量从18 m^3/h增加到33 m^3/h时,产水量从86.7 kg/h增加到119.6 kg/h;但进入吸附床的冷却水流量对产水速率的影响不太显著。所产淡水除挥发酚外,其余各项指标均符合GB 5749-2006的要求。     

共涂覆法改性聚醚砜膜络合超滤除锑应用研究

针对商业聚醚砜(PES)膜表面亲水性差,在络合超滤除锑过程中膜通量损失较大的问题。采用一步共涂覆改性法,通过在PES基膜表面形成聚多巴胺和二氧化硅纳米颗粒杂化涂层,得到高亲水性表面。对改性膜进行了表征和络合超滤实验。结果表明,优化改性条件为TEOS投加量0.6 g、时间9 h,此时制备的膜接触角仅为17.5°,亲水性能显著提高;超滤过程中膜通量有效提升,而且锑截留率可从改性前的75.2%提高至77.4%。改性膜在循环超滤实验中只经过清水冲洗即可恢复90%以上的初始膜通量,具有较好的运行稳定性。     

AAO工艺+絮凝沉淀处理高COD废水

为解决某植物榨汁饮料厂的废水COD高、有异味等问题,研究了厌氧—缺氧—好氧(AAO)工艺和絮凝沉淀混合工艺对废水的处理效果。探索了初始浓度、曝气量、絮凝剂的种类和投加量等对废水处理效果的影响机制。实验结果表明,初始浓度为4000 mg/L的废水,经AAO工艺后COD去除率可达77%。继续投加合适的絮凝剂后废水COD去除率可达90%。处理后的废水澄清无异味,可进行后续处理排放。     

光伏不同渗透率下考虑源网荷储深度互动的电力系统调峰策略

随着风光等可再生资源并网规模不断增大,其波动性及反调峰性使得系统负荷峰谷差大大增加。同时由于调峰容量以及调峰积极性等因素的限制,单纯依靠现有单一的快速调峰电源难以满足大规模新能源接入下的系统调峰需求。因此,文章针对不同光伏渗透率下的电力系统调峰问题,首先将光伏的不确定性、季节性、波动性等多维时空特性模型化,然后建立常规调峰机组、电网弹性优化、负荷分级响应及储能系统四类资源协同互动的系统调峰模型,最后以系统调峰成本最小为目标得到不同光伏渗透率下的系统最优调峰策略,完成光伏不同渗透率与电力系统调峰能力的动态匹配。仿真结果表明,文章所提策略能够满足不同光伏渗透率下的系统调峰需求,保证电力系统供需平衡,有效减少系统负荷峰值时的失电量。     

Chaotic mixing behavior of non-Newtonian fluid intensified by multilayer rigid-flexible impeller induced flow field interface instability

The traditional multilayer rigid impeller has large dead zone for the mixing of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid, stable flow field interface and low mixing efficiency. A method for enhancing the chaotic mixing of non-Newtonian fluid by multilayer rigid-flexible impeller induced flow field interface instability was proposed. In the experiment, sodium carboxymethylcellulose was used as the non-Newtonian fluid system. The power characteristics were measured by the torque sensor. The mixing time was determined by the acid-base neutralization and decolorization method. The largest Lyapunov exponents were calculated by using Matlab software programming. The chaotic characteristics and mixing performance in the mixing process are analyzed. The results show that when the combination mode was RF-(PBTD+PBTD+DT), the impeller arrangement mode θ=60°, and the flexible sheet length installation ratio r=0.8, 1.2, the degree of chaos was higher and the mixing performance was better. Multilayer rigid-flexible impeller can generate multiple spiral flows, and realize the flow field interface instability under the disturbance frequency difference of the flexible sheet between the layers, the stirring dead zone was reduced, and the system enters a chaotic state at a lower speed (when the multilayer rigid-flexible impeller system N>88 r/min, LLE>0; when the multilayer rigid impeller system N>125 r/min, LLE>0). At the same speed, the mixing rate and power per unit volume of the multilayer rigid-flexible combined impeller are higher than that of the multilayer rigid impeller, but the mixing energy per unit volume is approximately the same.     

太阳能利用透光表面超疏水增透膜研究进展

透明超疏水性表面可以阻挡大气尘埃附着,减少表面反射率,提高透光率。超疏水增透膜与传统增透膜相比,具有自清洁性、低反射率和高透光性等优势。本文对增透膜和超疏水表面的基本原理进行了介绍,对比了近年来超疏水增透膜的4种制备方法（沉积法、刻蚀法、自组装法和溶胶-凝胶法）的优缺点,说明了高透光性和低反射率的超疏水表面研究进展。最后对超疏水性增透涂料的潜在应用前景进行了展望,改善超疏水增透膜的耐久性和开发适用于各种应用场合的超疏水增透膜将是未来研究的重点。     

分布式光伏储能系统的设计方法及运行特性

针对典型的户用光伏储能系统,建立了各个部件的数学模型,研究了系统的运行特性,考虑最大光伏自给率基础策略与加入谷时电网和蓄电池交互的改进策略,探究了经济性指标净现值、技术性指标光伏自给率及用户自用率与蓄电池容量的关系,绘制了经济性指标与技术性指标关系曲线,提出一种分布式光伏储能系统的容量设计方法,基于MATLAB进行全年能量流动与全生命周期经济结果分析,并针对上海市地区典型日晴天系统运行特性进行了模拟研究。结果表明,技术性指标与经济性指标随蓄电池容量变化呈现相反的变化趋势,在基础与改进策略下,蓄电池容量分别超过10.5和6.5 kW·h后,降低净现值以提升光伏自给率与用户自用率的效果逐渐减弱,因此基于蓄电容量为5 kW·h（基础策略）和6.5 kW·h（改进策略）的拐点前的曲线,依据实际需要确定系统蓄电池的容量。模拟结果表明,对于案例中的3.06 kW（峰值）的光伏系统和4.8 kW·h的蓄电池,系统较单独的光伏系统有明显的削峰填谷效果。考虑谷时蓄电池与电网交互的改进策略比基础策略有更好的技术性与经济性表现,但是系统对市电电网的传输负担会有所加重。     

基于生产经营状态识别的低误报率窃电检测二次筛查方法

数据驱动的窃电检测方法主要根据电量及派生指标识别低电量异常,容易受干扰影响误报。利用工商业用户生产经营状态指标大致固定的特点,提出基于生产经营状态识别的窃电二次筛查方法。首先,将检出的低电量异常用户每天的三相功率作为负荷特征,用以标识其当天的用电行为模式及生产经营状态。然后,将每天的负荷特征进行近邻传播聚类。当低电量异常时段负荷特征与正常低电量生产经营状态聚为同类时,认为是用户状态正常转换导致的异常,可排除窃电嫌疑。基于实际窃电数据的测试表明,所提方法可降低误报率。