等离子喷涂技术现状及发展

从等离子喷涂设备、等离子喷涂过程中的测量技术及等离子喷涂技术的应用等几个方面综合分析了近年来等离子喷涂技术的研究现状和发展概况,指出了等离子喷涂技术的发展方向.     

取向硅钢氧化膜结构对渗氮层深度的影响

摘要：低温板坯加热技术生产取向硅钢,其关键点之一在于脱碳退火后要进行渗氮处理。通过控制脱碳气氛,获得不同的氧化膜结构;并进一步分析在近似渗氮量条件下,氧化膜结构对渗氮层深度的影响。结果表明：氧化膜分为外层颗粒状氧化膜和内层层片状氧化膜两部分。随着脱碳气氛露点增加,脱碳板O含量增加,氧化膜厚度增厚、层片状氧化膜占氧化膜总厚度的比例下降,渗氮层深度增加。当层片状氧化膜厚度占比较高时,［N］原子积聚在试样的极表层,形成氮沿厚度方向的单峰分布,渗层较浅。当层片状氧化膜厚度占比较低时,［N］原子会越过该层,而在次表层再次发生积聚;从而除了极表层的氮峰外,在次表层形成一个或多个氮峰,渗层较深。     

Synthesis of Ti3SiC2 by spark plasma sintering(SPS)of elemental powders

Ti3SiC2 materials have been fabricated by spark plasma sintering of the elemental powders with the addition of Al.At the heating rate of 80℃/min and under the pressure of 30MPa,the ideal synthesis temperature of Ti3SiC2 is in the range of 1150-1250℃.The addition of Al is in favor of the formation of Ti3SiC2.The synthesized compound has the molecular of Ti3Si0.8Al0.2C2 and lattice parameters of α=0.3069nm,c=1.7670nm.Its grain is plane-shape with a size of about 50μm in the elongated dimension.The prepared material has Vickers hardness of 3.5-5.5GPa(at 1N and 15s) and is as readily machinable as graphite‘s.     

高温熔融-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定含铁尘泥中5种有害元素

准确、快速地测定含铁尘泥中有害元素,对含铁尘泥节能降废项目研究及综合利用有着重要的指导意义。实验针对含铁尘泥试样因含碳量高,导致常规酸溶解方法如果不增加除碳步骤则很难完全分解试样的问题,采用高温熔融法将试样制成熔融液后倾倒于稀酸中溶解的方法,解决了碳含量高难溶解的问题。采用四硼酸锂-碳酸锂混合熔剂在高温下将试样熔融,熔融液高温倾倒于稀酸中制成澄清溶液,由于骤冷,试样炸裂成微小玻璃珠,无迸溅,操作简单,使得后续溶解过程快速完成,从而建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定P、Pb、K、Na、Zn共5种有害元素的方法。按照实验方法测定含铁尘泥中P、Pb、K、Na、Zn,测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)在1.4%～5.7%之间,加标回收率在96%～110%之间。研究结果表明方法能够满足含铁尘泥样品中5种元素的定量分析要求。     

对甲基苯磺酸络合-异戊醇萃取铬(Ⅵ)在有机铬催化剂中铬(Ⅲ)测定中的应用

乙烯齐聚合成1-己烯的主催化剂为有机铬系催化剂,铬系催化剂中铬(Ⅲ)能很好地与助催化剂烷基铝形成络合物,而铬(Ⅵ)会与烷基铝发生反应,降低催化剂的催化能力,因此需要准确测定铬催化剂中铬(Ⅲ)含量。实验提出在酸性条件下用对甲基苯磺酸络合、异戊醇萃取有机铬催化剂中铬(Ⅵ),使铬(Ⅲ)和铬(Ⅵ)分离,最后采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定无机相中铬(Ⅲ)。实验考察了硝酸的浓度和用量,以及络合剂和萃取剂的用量。研究表明:加入10 mL 10%(体积分数,下同)硝酸,用2.0 mL对甲基苯磺酸络合、20 mL异戊醇萃取就可以完全将样品中的铬(Ⅲ)和铬(Ⅵ)分离。铬(Ⅲ)校准曲线的线性相关系数大于0.999;方法检出限为1.45 μg/g。按照实验方法测定有机铬催化剂实际样品中铬(Ⅲ),结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于4%,回收率为94%～103%。     

我国冶金分析定量检测仪器的发展趋势

为了了解我国分析仪器的发展,推动冶金分析领域定量检测技术的进步,文章以北京分析测试学术报告会暨展览会(BCEIA)在国内的展示成果为依托,选择电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)等基础定量检测仪器为主要分析对象,归纳总结了这些仪器的发展过程、基本原理和主要结构。从分析检测人员的视角,讨论了该检测仪器的优势特点及应用效果;展望了定量分析检测技术的发展趋势;提出了以定量检测仪器为基础的新型高端科学仪器的发展前景。又以激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)、辉光放电质谱(GD-MS)、电子探针X射线显微分析仪(EPMA)等拓展联用检测仪器为例,介绍了设备的主要特点及应用,最终总结出LA-ICP-MS为固体样品中微量元素分析的常用技术,GD-MS技术是痕量元素分析的重要手段,EPMA技术因具有与其他仪器结合包容性高的优点,虽然在使用过程中存在一定的缺陷,但已成为通用的分析手段。而我国定量分析检测技术正朝着现场化、专用化及标准化的方向发展。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定云南某矿山锑矿选矿流程样品中锑

锑在现代工业体系中占有重要地位,快速准确测定锑矿中锑含量对锑矿的采选具有重要指导意义。云南某矿山锑矿以萤石为主要伴生矿,现有的盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸混酸体系无法彻底分解样品,而采用碱熔处理流程长且引入大量基体,均无法满足准确快速测定的要求。选择硫酸-氢氟酸混酸体系分解样品,再用酒石酸-盐酸混合溶液加热浸取,锑完全溶解于溶液中,选择Sb 206.833{463}nm为分析谱线,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定锑。结果表明,锑的质量浓度在5.0～80 μg/mL范围内与其发射强度呈良好的线性关系,校准曲线线性相关系数r=0.999 8;方法的检出限为0.012 μg/mL。按照实验方法对锑矿石成分分析标准物质和锑矿选矿流程样品中锑进行测定,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.71%～5.7%;标准物质的认定值和测定值相一致;锑矿选矿流程样品中锑的加标回收率为97%～102%,满足国家地质矿产行业标准DZ/T 0130—2006的要求。     

碱熔-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铝用炭素材料中15种元素

铝用炭素材料无法采用普通酸溶解,需要经过灰化-熔融-酸浸取法或混合酸-微波消解法处理。实验选择灰化-偏硼酸锂熔融法处理样品,即:700 ℃下灰化6 h、1 000 ℃下偏硼酸锂熔融5 min、10%(V/V)硝酸浸取熔块,避免了高温处理样品引起某些测定元素的损失;同时对由熔剂引入产生的基体效应采用基体匹配法进行消除;选择Al 396.152 nm、Ba 455.403 nm、Ca 317.933 nm、Cr 267.716 nm、Fe 259.940 nm、K 766.490 nm、Mg 285.213 nm、Mn 257.610 nm、Na 589.592 nm、Ni 231.604 nm、P 177.495 nm、Si 288.158 nm、Ti 334.941 nm、V 292.402 nm和Zn 213.856 nm为分析线,在绘制校准曲线时进行基体匹配,实现了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对铝用炭素材料中15种元素的测定。方法中各元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999;各元素的检出限为0.000 01%～0.000 3%,定量限为0.000 04%~0.001 0%。方法用于测定铝用炭素标准样品GPW-4、GPW-5、GPW-6中各元素,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为0.17%～10%;回收率为91%～107%;测定结果与标准值基本一致。     

Electric and mechanical performances of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 prepared by spark plasma sintering

Thermoelectric (TE) materials are a kind of functional materials which can be used to convert directly heat energy to electricity or reversely.The thermoelectric effects hold great potential for application in power generation and refrigeration.Bi2Te3 and its alloys are well known as best TE materials currently available near room temperature.This paper studies respectively the effects of spark plasma sintering (SPS) on electric performance of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 thermoelectric materials that are prepared through vacuum melting and ball milling.Through X-ray Diffraction and cold field emission scanning electric microscope s4800, the phase constituent and microstructure of the TE materials samples were analyzed.Electric conductivity and power factor can be improved with the rise of Spark Plasma Sintering temperature (from 300 to 500 ℃) and pressure(from 30 to 60 MPa), and the density and mechanical strength of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 thermoelectric material increase, too.     

The internal nitriding behavior of Co-3Cr,Co-3Al,and Co-3Ti (a/o) over the range of 700–1100°C

Internal nitridation of Co containing 3 a/o of either Cr, Al, or Ti was studied over the range of 700–1100° C in NH₃/H₂ (694 ratio). The kinetics of thickening of the reaction zone followed the parabolic rate law, suggesting that solidstate diffusion was rate controlling. Activation energies obtained were 51.2 Kcal/molfor Co-3Cr, 46.6 Kcal/mol for Co-3Ti, and 27.9 Kcal/mol for Co-3Al. XRD showed only CrN, AlN, and TiN. Deep etching revealed that AlN formed hexagonal plates near the surface when formed at high temperature, the precipitates becoming more massive (blocky morphology) near the reaction front. TiN formed elongated dendritic precipitates, whereas CrN tended to form spheroids. The precipitate size varied with temperature, decreasing with decreasing temperature. In some cases, nitriding formed a case but no visible precipitates even at very high magnifications in the SEM. The solubility of nitrogen in cobalt was determined by long-time equilibration and subsequent chemical analyses. The diffusivity of nitrogen in cobalt was determined from measured permeabilities and the experimentally determined solubilities. Mechanisms are discussed, and the behavior of internal nitridation is compared with internal carburization and oxidation in cobalt alloys.