构造生烃

生烃是岩石中所含的有机质产生流体有机化合物的化学反应。岩石有机质化学反应存在两种系统:封闭系统和开放系统,随着埋深加大,烃源岩越来越致密,岩石的化学反应逐渐由开放系统转变为封闭系统。目前的生烃理论仅仅是开放系统下烃源岩成熟与生烃理论,烃源岩成熟与生烃是不匹配的。封闭系统下烃源岩成熟与生烃是不匹配的,烃源岩成熟但不生烃,而是形成另外一种成熟的固体有机质。大多数情况是烃源岩为半封闭系统,烃源岩处于欠生烃状态。构造运动形成的断层和裂隙将烃源岩与疏导层沟通,烃源岩迅速由封闭、半封闭系统转变为开放系统。这种生烃系统的转变形成短时间内过量生烃,笔者将这种生烃作用命名为构造生烃,意味着构造运动期即为主生烃期,伴随着多次构造运动可以形成多个幕式生烃高峰。构造生烃理论开拓两个极其重要的勘探领域:第一,新构造勘探。以往认为已经过了生、排烃期的构造得以解放,如渤海湾郯庐断裂带第四纪圈闭不是过了主生烃期,而是正处于构造生烃的过生烃高峰期。以PL19-3为代表的油气运聚强度只有构造生烃能够解释;第二,超深勘探,特别是天然气勘探。深层勘探的下限将大大延伸,生烃门限,特别是生气门限将大大加深,仅生烃而言万米都不是天然气勘探的极限。     

刍议南通传统蓝印花布及其在现代社会的价值

南通蓝印花布是我国传统的民间手工艺品,有着悠久的历史.南通传统蓝印花布由于花纹清新、蓝白分明、朴素美观,广受人们喜爱.介绍了南通传统蓝印花布这一民间工艺品的历史渊源,并从工艺特点、图案的题材和寓意等方面进行了深入阐释,在此基础上,对南通传统蓝印花布的现代社会价值进行了分析,指出唯有创新才能延续其具有深厚文化底蕴的人文价值,只有设计创新才能使其具有更好的商业价值和发展前景.     

煤与废塑料共热解特性研究进展

煤与塑料共热解既能回收废塑料中的碳氢资源,又可以实现废塑料的资源无害化处理,是一种很有前景的废塑料资源化回收利用方式。本文概述了煤与塑料共热解的热解特性及其产物性质,分析了煤与塑料共热解的机理及共热解过程中氯的迁移规律,简要介绍了煤和塑料的不同混合方式及其对共热解特性的影响。文中指出煤与塑料共热解具有明显的增油减水效应,在煤热解过程中添加一定量的废塑料不仅可以改善焦油品质,同时对热解半焦的结构和反应性也有一定的影响,因此煤-塑料共热解是一种绿色高效资源化的废塑料处理方式,对于废塑料循环利用、解决白色污染问题及提高煤炭利用率具有重要意义。     

南大西洋两岸含盐盆地类型与油气分布规律

南大西洋两岸含盐盆地属于裂谷—被动大陆边缘叠合盆地。盆地具有相同的构造演化历史和相似的地层发育特征,但油气分布极不均衡。在对盆地类型进一步细分的基础上,讨论含盐盆地油气分布规律。根据盆地裂谷层系结构特征,将南大西洋两岸含盐盆地划分为2种盆地类型:凹凸相间型裂谷层系盆地和单斜型裂谷层系盆地;再根据裂谷阶段断阶发育特征和被动大陆边缘阶段沉积特征,每种类型又可进一步划分为2个亚类。在区域成藏条件分析的基础上,划分出盐下裂谷层系、盐上白垩系和第三系3套成藏组合,明确了各类成藏组合的成藏模式和成藏主控因素。从盆地类型角度出发,在分析不同类型盆地油气成藏条件差异的基础上,指出了不同类型盆地油气分布规律的差异及勘探潜力。     

不同硅/铝比ZSM-5分子筛对烷烃和环烷烃催化裂解性能的影响

以硅/铝摩尔比（n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=24的ZSM 5分子筛为母体,通过酸处理脱铝制备了具有不同硅/铝摩尔比(50、85、110、140)的ZSM-5分子筛,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、吡啶红外吸附(Py-FTIR)、N₂吸附-脱附等手段对其进行表征,考察其应用于正辛烷和乙基环己烷催化裂解反应的性能差异。结果表明,正辛烷和乙基环己烷的转化率与ZSM-5分子筛硅/铝比存在较好的对应关系,即硅/铝比越低、酸量越高,转化率越高;但ZSM-5分子筛硅/铝比低、酸量过多会导致非选择性副反应发生,降低目的产物低碳烯烃收率和选择性。不同硅/铝比ZSM-5分子筛在正辛烷和乙基环己烷催化裂解反应中显示出不同的催化性能,对于相同碳数的烷烃正辛烷和乙基环己烷,由于其分子结构不同,所适宜的硅/铝比不同;在相同硅/铝比分子筛条件下,环烷烃乙基环己烷的总体反应活性低于相对应的直链烷烃正辛烷;正辛烷在ZSM-5-85分子筛上具有更优异的催化裂解反应性能,乙基环己烷在ZSM-5-50分子筛上具有更优异的催化裂解反应性能。     

The influence of carbonate rock on the processes of oil transformation

The study of the processes of crude oil transformation in carbonate rock was carried out on the “oil – carbonate rock” model systems. For the study, oils of different chemical composition recovered from both terrigenous and carbonate reservoirs, and rock from carbonate reservoir were selected. It was shown that not all oils were subjected the catalytic action of carbonate rock. In oils that have experienced the catalytic action of carbonate rock the content of aromatic hydrocarbons decreased significantly and the content of non-polar resins increased. In carbonate rock, in addition to calcite and aragonite the montmorillonite was detected and it was supposed that the catalytic effect of the carbonate rock was due to this clay mineral. It was found that the oil transformation in the carbonate rock did not require much time and high temperature, and also that the oil recovered from the carbonate reservoir was resistant to the catalytic action of the carbonate rock.     

Characteristics of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from asphaltene pyrolysis and the geochemical significance

In order to study the mechanism of gas generation from the asphaltene, the thermal pyrolysis simulation experiment of the asphaltene is carried out by using high temperature and high pressure closed system. During asphaltene pyrolysis, the amount of methane is constantly increased but those of ethane, propane, and butane + pentane are all first increased and then decreased and eventually go to zero with the increase of the experiment temperature. And the dynamic parameters of gaseous hydrocarbon generation can be used to analyze the dynamic procedure of the asphaltene pyrolysis at the geological scale. The experimental results can perfect the theory of the origin of natural gas and provide an evidence for source judgment and resource evaluation of natural gas in marine strata in China.     

基于测录井曲线的致密砂岩储层产能评价方法

强烈的非均质性、较差的储层连通性以及复杂的微观孔隙结构是致密砂岩气产能评价难度大和准确率不高的原因,基于此,利用多口井测录井曲线资料,归纳总结典型的曲线形态类型,并采用数学方法对形态进行了定量表征,提出了基于测录井曲线形态的产能评价方法。研究表明：①气测全烃曲线可以分为箱形、半箱形、正三角形、倒三角形、锯齿状和单尖峰状等6种形态,分别与油气层显示程度紧密相关,可以利用幅度、相对质心、相对锯齿、方差及自相关函数的参数值极性量化表征。其中,箱形气测全烃曲线峰形饱满,跨度较大;半箱形,气测全烃峰形跨度明显小于储层厚度;三角形,气测全烃曲线形态呈现正三角形或倒三角形;锯齿状,气测全烃曲线形态呈忽高忽低的趋势,呈现若干尖峰;单尖峰状,气测全烃曲线峰形跨度较小,呈单尖峰状。②6种气测全烃曲线形态与致密砂岩油气储层产能具有较好的对应关系。高、中产层主要为箱形、三角形,低产层主要为（半）箱形、三角形及锯齿状,特低产主要为锯齿状,不产层主要以单尖峰状为主。利用气测曲线形态及产能特征进行权重赋值,建立了解释关系图版。③录井全烃曲线与测井电阻率曲线综合解释可以更加准确判别致密砂岩储层产能。最后,利用定量化模型进行自动解释,通过数据验证发现,产层符合率为80.95%,产能区间符合率为78.05%。实践证明,基于测录井曲线形态可以较好地评价预测致密砂岩储层产气能力。     

A method for evaluating paleo hydrocarbon pools and predicting secondary reservoirs: a case study of the Sangonghe Formation in the Mosuowan area, Junggar Basin

Taking the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in the Mosuowan-Mobei area of the Junggar Basin as an example, this paper provides a method that evaluates paleo hydrocarbon pools and predicts secondary reservoirs. Through Quantitative Grain Fluorescence (QGF) experiments, well-tie seismic correlation, and paleo structure analysis, the scale and distribution of paleo hydrocarbon pools in the study area are outlined. Combining current structural features and fault characteristics, the re-migration pathways of paleo oil and gas are depicted. Based on barrier conditions on the oil re-migration pathways and current reservoir distribution, we recognize three types of secondary reservoirs. By analyzing structural evolution and sand body-fault distribution, the major control factors of secondary reservoirs are specified and, consequently, favorable zones for secondary reservoirs are predicted. The results are mainly as follows. (1) In the primary accumulation period in the Cretaceous, paleo hydrocarbon pools were formed in the Sangonghe Formation of the Mosuowan uplift and their size and distribution were extensive and the exploration potential for secondary reservoirs should not be ignored. Besides, paleo reservoirs were also formed in the Mobei uplift, but just small scale. (2) In the adjustment period in the Neogene, traps were reshaped or destroyed and so were the paleo reservoirs, resulting in oil release. The released oil migrated linearly northward along the structural highs of the Mobei uplift and the Qianshao low-relief uplift and then formed secondary reservoirs when it met new traps. In this process, a structural ridge cooperated with sand bodies and faults, applying unobstructed pathways for oil and gas re-migration. (3) The secondary hydrocarbon pools are classified into three types: low-relief anticlinal type, lithologic pinch-out type and fault block type. The distribution of the first type is controlled by a residual low uplift in the north flank of the paleo-anticline. The second type is distributed in the lithologic pinch-out zones on the periphery of the inherited paleo uplift. The third type is controlled by fault zones of which the strikes are perpendicular to the hydrocarbon re-migration pathways. (4) Four favorable zones for secondary reservoirs are predicted: the low-relief structural zone of the north flank of the Mosuowan paleo-anticline, the fault barrier zone on the western flank of the Mobei uplift, the Qianshao low-relief uplift and the north area of the Mobei uplift that parallels the fault zone. The study above effectively supports the exploration of the Qianshao low-relief uplift, with commercial oil discovered in the Qianshao1 well. Besides, the research process in this paper can also be applied to other basins to explore for secondary reservoirs.     

埕岛地区中浅层河流相砂体输导性研究——以渤海海域埕岛地区新近系为例

河流相砂体是埕岛地区中浅层主要的油气输导层和储集层,研究其输导性对油气勘探具有重要意义。研究认为,断层相连是中浅层河流相砂体输导油气的前提,构造背景影响着油气输导方向;河道沉积砂体输导性最好,堤岸沉积砂体次之,泛滥平原沉积的砂体最差。不同岩性中细砂岩输导性最好,中砂岩次之,粉砂岩第三;输导砂体物性下限随着埋深增加而减少;砂体连通性越好,输导性越好。根据砂体宏观连通基本类型,建立了厚砂体直接连通型、微断层连通型和薄砂体或物性较差砂体连通型三种输导模式,并提出中浅层河流相砂体输导性的评价思路。