NK/T细胞淋巴瘤细胞凋亡和细胞增殖特征及意义

Objective:The aim was to study the features and clinical significance of cell apoptosis and proliferation of NK/T cell lymphoma. Methods:TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and immunohistochemical Streptavidin-peroxidase method were used to study cell apoptosis and the expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen in 25 NK/T cell lymphoma and 10reactive lymphoid tissues. Results:Apoptotic index (AI) and proliferative index (PI) averaged (1.92% ± 0.86%) and (41.48%± 5.10%) respectively in the 25 NK/T cell lymphomas and (6.70% ± 1.89%) and (20.10% ± 2.77%) in the 10 reactive lymphoid tissues. Compared with reactive lymphoid tissues, AI was significantly reduced in NK/T cell lymphoma (t = 10.80, P < 0.01)while PI significantly increased (t = 12.39, P < 0.01). In addition, in NK/T cell lymphoma, AI and PI were positively related (r = 0.69, P < 0.01). Conclusion:In NK/T cell lymphoma, cell apoptosis is reduced while cell proliferation increased. The imbalance between cell apoptosis and cell proliferation is closely related to the development and progression of NK/T cell lymphoma.     

An Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay for Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Serum Based on Antibody Labeled Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Capture Probes and Graphene/CdTe Quantum Dot Bionanoconjugates as Signal Amplifiers

The CdTe quantum dots (QDs), graphene nanocomposite (CdTe-G) and dextran–Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles have been synthesized for developing an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay for Carcinoembryonic antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in serums. Firstly, the capture probes (CA 19-9 Ab1/Fe₃O₄) for enriching CA 19-9 were synthesized by immobilizing the CA 19-9’s first antibody (CA 19-9 Ab1) on magnetic nanoparticles (dextran-Fe₃O₄). Secondly, the signal probes (CA 19-9 Ab2/CdTe-G), which can emit an ECL signal, were formed by attaching the secondary CA 19-9 antibody (CA 19-9 Ab2) to the surface of the CdTe-G. Thirdly, the above two probes were used for conjugating with a serial of CA 19-9 concentrations. Graphene can immobilize dozens of CdTe QDs on their surface, which can emit stronger ECL intensity than CdTe QDs. Based on the amplified signal, ultrasensitive antigen detection can be realized. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL signal depended linearly on the logarithm of CA 19-9 concentration from 0.005 to 100 pg/mL, and the detection limit was 0.002 pg/mL. Finally, five samples of human serum were tested, and the results were compared with a time-resolved fluorescence assay (TRFA). The novel immunoassay provides a stable, specific and highly sensitive immunoassay protocol for tumor marker detection at very low levels, which can be applied in early diagnosis of tumor.     

Role of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases in health and disease: from infection to cancer

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 (ERAPs) are essential for the maturation of a wide spectrum of proteins involved in various biological processes. In the ER, these enzymes work in concert to trim peptides for presentation on MHC class I molecules. Loss of ERAPs function substantially alters the repertoire of peptides presented by MHC class I molecules, critically affecting recognition of both NK and CD8(+) T cells. In addition, these enzymes are involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses by promoting the shedding of several cytokine receptors, and in the regulation of both blood pressure and angiogenesis. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified common variants of ERAP1 and ERAP2 linked to several human diseases, ranging from viral infections to autoimmunity and cancer. More recently, inhibition of ER peptide trimming has been shown to play a key role in stimulating innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses, suggesting that inhibition of ERAPs might be exploited for the establishment of innovative therapeutic approaches against cancer. This review summarizes data currently available for ERAP enzymes in ER peptide trimming and in other immunological and non-immunological functions, paying attention to the emerging role played by these enzymes in human diseases.     

复合疫苗佐剂促进蛋白抗原通过交叉提呈和交叉致敏诱生CD8~+CTL反应的研究

目的研究CpG寡聚脱氧核苷酸(CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides,CpG-ODN)与A(lOH)3或Montanide ISA720等组成的复合佐剂在小鼠体内促进蛋白抗原通过交叉提呈和交叉致敏诱生CD8+CTL反应的能力。方法以鸡卵清蛋白(Ovalbumin,OVA)为抗原,分别以CpG X1、A(l OH)(3即Alum)、Montanide ISA720、CpG X1+Alum和CpG X1+Montanide ISA720为疫苗佐剂,分别于0和4周经肌肉注射免疫C57BL/6小鼠,体积均为100μl,分别含20μg OVA、20μg CpG X1、74μl Montanide ISA720和/或100μg Alum。通过胞内细胞因子染色和体内CTL杀伤试验评价不同佐剂对细胞免疫应答的影响,通过表达OVA的黑色素瘤和李斯特菌攻击模型评价不同佐剂在免疫预防和免疫治疗中的作用。结果与OVA组相比,A(lOH)3本身不能有效诱生小鼠的细胞免疫应答;CpG X1或Montanide ISA720单独使用能够在一定程度上增强抗原特异性CD8+T细胞的IFNγ分泌和CTL活性,但不增强抗原特异性CD4+T细胞反应。两种复合佐剂具有比单佐剂更强的细胞免疫佐剂效应,其中CpG X1+MontanideISA720只能增强抗原特异性CD4+和CD8+T细胞的IFNγ分泌,而CpG X1+Alum不仅能够增强抗原特异性CD4+和CD8+T细胞的IFNγ分泌,还能够增强CD8+CTL的杀伤活性。在黑色素瘤和李斯特菌攻击模型中,CpG X1+Alum佐剂显示出良好的预防和治疗效果。结论 CpG X1与A(lOH)3组成的复合佐剂能够有效促进蛋白抗原通过交叉提呈和交叉致敏诱生功能性CD8+CTL反应。     

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇免疫分析核心试剂特异性单克隆抗体的研制与特性研究

采用1,1’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)活化法成功将脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇分子上C-3和C-15位羟基与载体蛋白赖氨酸的氨基共价偶联得到免疫原DON-BSA和包被原DON-OVA,并用三硝基苯磺酸法对合成结果进行鉴定。以人工抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠,取小鼠脾细胞与SP2/O鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,经筛选和多次亚克隆,得到了1株能稳定分泌脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇抗体的单克隆细胞株1D5,并制备单克隆抗体腹水。经检测该抗体亚型为IgG1,亲和力常数Ka为8.33×107L/mol,交叉反应的试验结果显示该抗体与其他真菌毒素无交叉反应率,稳定性良好,为粮油食品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇免疫快速检测技术建立及产品研发提供了关键试剂材料。     

构建IgG介导的河虾过敏模型的研究

选取7周龄大的BALB／c和昆明鼠。以腹腔注射河虾粗体液及Al（OH）佐剂的方式进行免疫,每周一次,共四次,第五周进行免疫激发。对照组则以相同方式注射生理盐水及Al（OH）3佐剂。免疫激发后,组胺和IgG1的含最显著提高,小鼠的主要过敏原被测定被证明与人类主要过敏原相似。所以本实验建立了一个新的IgG介导的河虾过敏反应的动物模型。该模型可以为研究IgG介导的系统性过敏的机制,治疗手段,以及检测转基因食品的安全性提供有力的工具。     

倍硫磷半抗原、人工抗原的合成和鉴定

为研究建立有机磷农药倍硫磷的免疫分析法,合成了1种倍硫磷半抗原和2种人工抗原。采用改进的方法将三氟硫磷与3-甲基-4-甲硫基苯酚、β-丙氨酸反应制备了倍硫磷半抗原,产物经薄层层析、^1HNMR和质谱鉴定为预期产物。分别将半抗原以活泼酯法、混合酸酐法与BSA、OVA偶联制备了人工抗原BZB和BGO,通过紫外光谱鉴定证明偶联成功。用TNBS比色法测定了BZB、BGO与载体蛋白的克分子结合比,分别为29：1和12：1。以BZB为免疫原免疫Balb／c小鼠,以BGO为包被抗原对小鼠血清进行间接竞争ELISA分析表明,小鼠经免疫后产生了针对倍硫磷的特异性抗血清,从而进一步证明抗原合成成功。本方法为研究建立倍碲磷的免疫分析方法奠定了基础。     

Display of the antigenic region of Nipah virus nucleocapsid protein on hepatitis B virus capsid

The C-terminal domain of Nipah virus (NiV) nucleocapsid protein (NP_401–532) was inserted at the N-terminus and the immunodominant loop of hepatitis B core antigen (HBc). The stability of NP_401–532 increased tremendously when displayed on the HBc particles. These particles reacted specifically with the swine anti-NiV and the human anti-HBc antisera.     

拟除虫菊酯类农药通用人工抗原的合成与鉴定

根据拟除虫菊酯公共结构设计合成一种拟除虫菊酯通用半抗原,所有中间体及半抗原经电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)、红外光谱(IR)和核磁共振(1H NMR)鉴定确定结构.通过活化酯法将通用半抗原与钥孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联制备出免疫原,紫外吸收法鉴定表明免疫原偶联成功,研究为建立拟除虫菊酯多残留免疫分析方法奠定了基础.     

三唑磷多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

采用活泼酯法将三唑磷半抗原(TZPM-Hap)与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵血清蛋白(OVA)偶联,制备出免疫抗原(TZPM-A-BSA)和包被抗原(TZPM-A-OVA),经紫外扫描证明人工抗原合成成功.用免疫抗原TZPM-A-BSA免疫雌性Balb/c小鼠,获得了特异性的三唑磷多克隆抗体.以所获得的抗体建立间接竞争酶联...