Evaluating the effects of frame of reference on spatial collaboration using desktop collaborative virtual environments

Spatial collaboration is an everyday activity in which people work together to solve a spatial problem. For example, a group of people will often arrange furniture together or exchange directions with one another. Collaborative virtual environments using desktop PCs are particularly useful for spatial activities when the participants are distributed. This work investigates ways to enhance distributed, collaborative spatial activities. This paper explores how different frames of reference affect spatial collaboration. Specifically, it reports on an experiment that examines different combinations of exocentric and egocentric frames of reference with two users. Tasks involve manipulating an object, where one participant knows the objective (director) and the other performs the interactions (actor). It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different combinations for a spatial collaboration task. Findings from this study demonstrate that frames of reference affect collaboration in a variety of ways and simple exocentric-egocentric combinations do not always provide the most usable solution.     

低水分抗热震高铝可塑料在加热炉上的应用

用矾土作为主原料,选择适当结合剂和添加剂,引入微粉技术,采用真空炼泥等工艺手段,研制成低水分抗热震高铝可塑料。该制品用作热媒加热炉衬里,显示出良好的耐高温和耐热冲击性能。     

新型壳聚糖/纳米二氧化硅杂化材料的制备与性能

在纳米S iO2颗粒表面引入羟丙基氯活性基团,得到功能化S iO2颗粒,再将羟丙基氯化的S iO2颗粒交联固定在壳聚糖上,制备了一种新型的壳聚糖/纳米S iO2杂化材料(简称杂化材料);通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜方法对杂化材料进行表征,采用热重(TG)分析研究杂化材料的热性能;考察了杂化材料的沉降速率和对金属离子Ca2+和M g2+的吸附能力。电镜分析结果表明,杂化材料微粒为纳米尺度的无机S iO2加强化的微粒,S iO2颗粒分散在材料中,形成均匀的表面;TG分析结果表明,杂化材料的热性能有所提高;沉降实验测得壳聚糖和杂化材料作为吸附剂的沉降时间分别为130.3,68.5s,表明杂化材料的沉降速率比壳聚糖的沉降速率快了近一倍;杂化材料对金属离子Ca2+和M g2+的吸附量分别可达到0.289 3,1.445 6mm ol/g。     

复合材料一体化钻井泵缸套产业化技术研究

介绍了复合材料一体化钻井泵缸套在产业化过程中的若干关键技术。通过对缸套内套材料成分和组织的优化研究,双液分时离心浇注工艺优化研究以及双液离心浇注工装开发,实现了新工艺缸套的产业化。与现行的热镶装双金属缸套工艺相比,采用新技术生产的缸套平均使用寿命超过750h,生产成本下降了20%。     

Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of ordered porosity metal materials formation

Ordered porosity metal materials belong to a relatively new class of porous materials named gasars. This paper presents a mathematical model of the complex physical phenomena in the production of gasars. Analyses for heat transfer, solidification kinetics and gas diffusion were coupled to describe the formation of unique gasar structure. Several criterial functions were introduced to provide significant quantitative information about the relationship between the operating technological parameters and the final structure. The computational outcomes of the numerical simulation were compared with the characteristics of real gasar ingots. The model was applied to determine the boundary conditions that would provide approximately constant physical conditions on the solidification front. The structure sensitiveness of gasars with respect to the different technological parameters is discussed.     

渤海湾盆地济阳——临清东部煤系烃源岩形成环境

钻井、地震、测井及测试资料综合研究认为:渤海湾盆地济阳—临清东部地区石炭—二叠系主要发育一套浅海碳酸盐岩台地相灰岩、障壁—潟湖、潮坪、沼泽及三角洲相陆源碎屑岩和煤层.从纵向发育的沉积特征来看,上石炭统本溪组发育浅海台地相碳酸盐岩和浅海陆棚相(陆表海)砂泥岩,太原组主要发育障壁—潟湖、潮坪、沼泽相碳酸盐岩、陆源碎屑岩和煤的混合沉积;二叠系山西组主要发育三角洲相和三角洲平原沼泽相砂泥岩及煤,下石盒子组和上石盒子组则以发育近海陆相碎屑岩沉积为主,局部有河流沼泽的泥炭和煤发育.沉积环境总体具有自下而上、由南向北由浅海相、海陆交互相逐步过渡为陆相的基本特点.成煤环境以晚石炭世—早二叠世太原、山西期潮坪、潟湖过渡带之潮坪沼泽环境及三角洲平原沼泽环境为最佳.      

加氢反应器制造技术的新进展

随着加氢装置的大型化,对加氢反应器的设计、主体材质的选用及制造均提出了新的、更高的要求。文章较全面地介绍了国内外加氢反应器的设计准则、主体材质(抗氢钢)和制造技术等方面的新进展。     

6种金属材料在典型工业大气中的腐蚀规律

选取具有代表性的碳钢、不锈钢、镀锌碳钢、铝、钛和铜挂片,在某企业不同部位投放后进行为期半年的大气腐蚀试验,得出了在半年期中的腐蚀规律。在此基础上,对每种金属材料的腐蚀特点进行总结,并对大气腐蚀的各种影响因素进行分析,提出了行之有效的防护措施。     

上海市水环境生态安全评价

从“状态—压力—响应”指标框架体系出发,针对上海市水环境生态系统的现状特点,从时间变化和空间对比分析角度分别建立了上海市水环境生态安全评价指标体系;利用标准化和变异系数法确定各指标的标准化值和权重,采用综合指数评价法得到安全评价的综合指数值。在此基础上采用等级划分法,建立起综合指数值与生态安全评判的等级关系。各指标层的变化趋势揭示了上海市水环境生态安全的现状和发展趋势,即中心城区的水环境生态安全等级普遍低于郊区;在年际变化上,状态指标层评价值呈下降趋势,需要持续保护水环境生态系统;而压力和响应指标层评价值不断上升,保证了总体的良性发展趋势。     

动力环境集中监控系统可靠性的提高

为实现电源设备乃至通信机房的少人或无人值守和集中维护,必须建立一套完善的电信局动力环境集中监控系统。文中结合番禺区电信局的实际,讨论了提高系统运行可靠性的几点措施,包括硬件方面与软件方面的手段,关键在于加强系统的运行管理。