铜密闭鼓风炉生产效益的回归分析

通过铜密闭鼓风炉生产过程中关键指标的回归分析,寻找降低消耗、增加产出、提高经济效益的有效途径     

A kinetic model for the acid-oxygen pressure leaching of Ni–Cu matte

A semi-empirical mathematical model for the acid-oxygen pressure leaching of Ni–Cu matte is presented, based on data from batch leaching experiments. The primary controlling factor in the leaching process is found to be galvanic inhibition of the more highly oxidized copper and nickel sulfide species by less oxidized species, particularly Ni alloy and Ni₃S₂. The leaching rate of many species is greatly reduced by the presence of one or both of these phases, and others will not commence leaching until neither is present. The mathematical model is based on first-order chemical reaction controlled rate expressions, as the reactions occurring are electrochemical in nature. Mass transfer effects are included only empirically. Some possibly diffusion-related phenomena are noted, although the model is not extended to incorporate these effects on a fundamental level. The model is verified and extended by the inclusion of several different factors that were tested experimentally. The effects of variations in O₂ flow rate and partial pressure, initial particle size, reaction pulp density and initial acid concentration were all studied, and included in the model. Variations in O₂ flow rate and partial pressure are found to affect the reaction rates via the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution phase.     

基于数据挖掘的铜转炉渣产出量预报

为实现铜转炉渣产出量的及时准确预报,提出应用数据挖掘技术从现场积累的大量生产数据中发掘相关规律.首先应用线性回归技术建立了仅考虑主要影响因素(铜锍含铁量)的粗略预报模型,而后,应用神经网络技术建立了考虑到多个次要影响因素的误差补偿模型,从而改进预报效果.利用实际生产数据对模型进行了仿真测试,仿真结果表明,模型预报效果良好.     

Intelligent prediction model of matte grade in copper flash smelting process

Due to the importance of detecting the matte grade in the copper flash smelting process, the mechanism model was established according to the multi-phase and multi-component mathematic model. Meanwhile this procedure was a complicated production process with characteristics of large time delay, nonlinearity and so on. A fuzzy neural network model was set up through a great deal of production data. Besides a novel constrained gradient descent algorithm used to update the parameters was put forward to improve the parameters learning efficiency. Ultimately the self-adaptive combination technology was adopted to paralleled integrate two models in order to obtain the prediction model of the matte grade. Industrial data validation shows that the intelligently integrated model is more precise than a single model. It can not only predict the matte grade exactly but also provide optimal control of the copper flash smelting process with potent guidance.     

铜鼓风炉节约焦炭的实践

焦碳消耗是铜鼓风炉炼铜中的主要技术指标，本文应用生产中的大量效据。通过正交试验，指出了铜鼓风炉节约焦碳的主要途径，找出了铜鼓风炉节约焦碳的最佳工艺条件。     

Extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte by calcified roasting−acid leaching process

A calcified roasting−acid leaching process was developed as a highly effective method for the extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte in the presence of CaO additive. The influences of process parameters on the metal extraction were studied, including the roasting temperature, roasting time, addition of CaO, H₂SO₄ concentration and liquid−solid ratio. Under the optimum condition, 94.2% of Ni, 98.1% of Cu, 92.2% of Co and 89.3% of Fe were recovered. Additionally, 99.6% of Fe was removed from the leachate as goethite by a subsequent goethite iron precipitation process. The behavior and mechanism of CaO additive in the roasting process was clarified. The role of CaO is to prevent the formation of nonferrous metal ferrite phases by a preferential reaction with Fe₂O₃ during the roasting process. The metal oxides (CuO and Ni_xCu_1−xO) remained stable during high-temperature roasting and were subsequently efficiently leached using a sulfuric acid solution.     

Flow and Heat Transfer Performance of Slag and Matte in the Settler of a Copper Flash Smelting Furnace

Simulation of two‐phase flow in a copper flash smelting settler with simultaneous tapping of slag and matte is carried out using Eulerian‐Eulerian two‐fluid model and the flow and heat transfer performance of slag and matte is examined. Detailed velocity vectors, temperature and volume fraction distributions are obtained. The results show that the small copper droplets will be suspended in the slag. When the droplet diameter is large enough, the slag and matte layer are clearly formed and the dispersion layer between the slag and matte layers becomes thinner at larger droplet sizes and its thickness remains nearly unchanged when the copper droplet diameter is larger than about 500 μm.     

柴油机NOX和PM排放控制技术的发展

NOX和PM是柴油机排放的主要污染物,文章分别介绍了目前国内外应用的减少柴油机NOX和PM排放的方法,并分析了其各自的优缺点.     

高冰镍浮选中腐殖酸盐的抑制行为和机理

较详细地研究了腐殖酸钠和腐殖钙等腐殖酸盐及氯化钙对高冰镍中六方硫矿和辉铜矿可浮性的影响。探讨了在碱性介质中腐殖酸盐对Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿的抑制机理。研究结果表明，在碱性介质中，腐殖酸盐酸抑制剂冰镍中的Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿，特别腐殖酸钙是一种Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿的有效抑制剂，它既具有Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２等含钙物质，又具有腐殖酸奶对Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿的双重抑制特性，能改善药剂与矿作用的选择，强化Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿的抑制。     

白银冶炼厂炉渣贫化过程的计算机模拟

白银冶炼厂的炉渣贫化过程是高温下冰铜，炉渣和气相多次反应的复杂过程。本文将多元相平衡算法和物理悬浮修正公式相结合，编制计算程序用于模拟白银冶炼厂炉渣贫化过程，计算得出在工业条件下底冰铜品位为４１．３３％，贫化渣含铜平均为０．４６９％，计算结果与工业数据一致。