Yeast Proteolytic Activity During High and Low Gravity Wort Fermentations and its Effect on Head Retention

The aim was to discover the effect of high gravity brewing on yeast protease activity during fermentation, on the loss of hydrophobic polypeptides from wort during fermentation, and on the foam stability of stored beer. The hydrophobic polypeptide content of low (10° Plato) gravity worts showed a steady decline throughout fermentation, but for the 20° Plato wort there was a rapid decline over the first 8 days of fermentation, followed by little change over the remaining period. The decrease in hydrophobic polypeptides was greater in the high gravity fermentation. Proteinase A increased during fermentations with the highest levels being present at the end of fermentations. High gravity fermentations exhibited levels of yeast protease that from the 3rd to 11th day of fermentation were at least twice the values of the low gravity fermentations. The high gravity brewed beer contained significantly higher levels of proteinase A activity than the low gravity brewed beer. The inclusion of FERMCAP™, an antifoam, in high gravity wort did not affect either the hydrophobic polypeptide levels or foam stability of the resultant beer. This suggests that proteinase A, rather than fermenter foaming, must be the major contributor to the lack of foam stability of high gravity brewed beer. Head retention measurements conducted on the high and low gravity brewed bottled beers, over a five month period, demonstrated a steady decline in foam stability for both beers. The declines in head retention did not occur in high and low gravity beers that had been pasteurised.     

核桃蛋白最佳酶解条件研究

以水解度为指标,研究五种蛋白酶对核桃蛋白水解作用;结果表明,AS.1398中性蛋白酶为水解核桃蛋白最佳酶,最佳酶解条件为:底物浓度2.5%,E/S为7%,温度40℃,pH7.5,酶解3h;在该实验条件下,AS.1398中性蛋白酶酶解核桃蛋白水解度可达45.37%,水解液仅微苦。     

RSM优化大豆蛋白酶水解条件

用As1．398中性蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白,采用四因素三水平中心组合设计优化大豆分离蛋白酶水解条件,应用SAS分析软件对实验数据进行处理。得以最佳酶水解条件为：温度40．2℃,pH7．2,酶与底物浓度比0．87%(W/W)。底物浓度8．86%(W/W),水解时间3 h；在此条件下水解度预测值为11．28%,实际测定水解度值为11．24%。     

复合酶解法制备功能性大豆多肽的研究

利用中性蛋白酶和枯草杆菌对大豆分离蛋白进行复合酶解,首先通过单因素和正交实验确定了中性蛋白酶酶解的最佳水解条件为：底物浓度4%,反应温度50℃,时间4h,pH8．5,酶用量6％,水解度(DH)可达21．46％；再经过枯草杆菌发酵36h后,水解度可迭32．06％,苦味明显降低。     

中性蛋白酶B．S．HD401生产菌激光选育

本文报道了从花生地土壤分离到一株分泌中性蛋白酶的枯草芽孢杆菌，经纯铜蒸汽激光诱变，选育到一株高产菌株ＨＤ４０１，产酶提高幅度高达７２．７％。诱变过程说明，菌体存活率和正变率以及激光波长、孢子体生理状态有一定的相关性。Ｂ．Ｓ．ＨＤ４０１经多次传代，产酶性状稳定，通过正交试验对培养基进行优化，在２升罐中酶活达８５２０ｕ／ｍｌ。     

NaCl-activated extracellular proteinase from Virgibacillus sp. SK37 isolated from fish sauce fermentation

ABSTRACT:  Virgibacillus sp. SK37 exhibited high extracellular proteolytic activity in skim milk broth containing 10% NaCl. Optimum conditions of the crude proteinase were at pH 8.0 and 65 °C. The proteinase was strongly inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and preferably hydrolyzed Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-AMC, suggesting the serine proteinase with a subtilisin-like characteristic. Proteolytic activity increased with NaCl concentration up to 20%. Ca²⁺ activated the enzyme activity but reduced enzyme stability at 65 °C. Several proteinases with dominant molecular mass (MW) of 81, 67, 63, 50, 38, and 18 kDa were detected on native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) activity staining in the absence and presence of 25% NaCl. These results demonstrated that Virgibacillus sp. SK37 produced salt-activated extracellular proteinases. Virgibacillus sp. SK37 could be a promising strain for starter culture development used in fish sauce fermentation.     

蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的降解模式研究

采用十二烷基酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）方法，分析了几种商品蛋白酶（包括枯草杆菌蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和细菌碱性蛋白酶）对大豆分离蛋白（SPI）的降解模式。结果表明，大豆球蛋白酸性亚基的Ax多肽链最容易被水解，所有的酶对其均有作用，而碱性亚基和大豆伴球蛋白的B亚基最难被水解。木瓜蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的水解最迅速、彻底，由于大豆蛋白中含有胰蛋白酶抑制因子，胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶对大豆蛋白水解能力较差。     

添加丢糟生产酱油大曲的效果研究

通过对添加曲酒丢糟生产酱油大曲的效果研究,并对影响成曲质量和酱油品质的工艺条件(培曲时间、温度)进行了探讨。比较了改良曲与传统曲的性能优势及所产酱油的质量指标差异,确定了丢糟的最佳加入量为10%,培曲的时间24h,最适温度33℃。     

生姜抽提液处理技术及其在可乐饮料中的应用

生姜抽提物在饮料中应用时往往会引起饮料的沉淀，影响含姜汁饮料的价值。探讨了利用复合蛋白酶对生姜抽提液进行处理的技术。所制得的姜汁抽提液澄清、无沉淀，可以任何比例与可乐糖浆混合制成姜汁可乐饮料。经贮存试验，姜汁可乐无沉淀。这一处理技术已应用于工业化生产。     

耐热蛋白酶对UHT乳品质的影响及控制方法研究进展

从耐热蛋白酶对UHT乳品质的影响的角度出发．对近几年来国内外在牛乳中主要耐热蛋白酶的来源、检测方法、酶对UHT乳蛋白质水解和凝胶的影响、控制方法等方面的研究进展情况进行了综述，并提出今后深入研究应关注的方向和重点。