高应力下大理岩循环扰动变形规律及一种破坏前兆特征

为探究工程岩体循环扰动作用下的变形破坏特性,开展了不同应力水平与幅值的大理岩单轴循环扰动试验。试验结果显示：(1)应力水平是循环扰动下大理岩破坏的主要因素,幅值是次要因素。应力水平刚达到扩容应力时,即使循环幅值很大,大理岩也不会破坏,当应力水平远高于扩容应力且循环幅值很大时,破坏十分迅速;(2)相对于不可逆变形,动态刚度更能体现变形曲线“疏—密—疏”的三阶段特征。可采用动态刚度衰减率的正负值作为破坏前兆特征,在变形稳定阶段预判岩石是否会发生破坏;(3)对于破坏岩样,基于动态刚度表征的损伤变量与不可逆变形总趋势相似。“双高”模式与Ⅰ型曲线一致,其余模式与Ⅱ型曲线一致。     

水洗条件对聚丙烯腈碳纤维及其原丝性能的影响

对二甲基亚砜法(DMSO)生产聚丙烯腈(PAN)碳纤维原丝的水洗温度、时间、方式等进行探讨,进而对水洗工艺进行优化和改善。实验结果表明,控制单束12k PAN原丝水洗水用量在400~500 L/h,水洗温度在45℃,水洗时间在30~40 min,通过在水洗槽中增加拍打辊及V型隔板,可以实现丝束内DMSO残留质量分数≤0.07%。     

水合三氯乙醛前体物的分子量分布和荧光特性

运用超滤分离技术将水合三氯乙醛前体物含量最高的夏季水样中溶解性有机物分为四个部分,采用三维激发发射矩阵荧光光谱对不同分子量有机物组分进行表征,并对20种氨基酸、牛血清白蛋白等模式化合物进行氯化试验,以找出水合三氯乙醛的主要前体物成分。结果表明MW＜1 kDa的水合三氯乙醛生成势含量最高,为24．81μg/L,其次为10 kDa＜MW＜0．45μm （17．49μg/L）、3 kDa＜MW＜10 kDa （8．16μg/L）和1 kDa＜MW＜3 kDa （5．50μg/L）,其中MW＜1 kDa和10 kDa＜MW＜0．45μm两部分有机物占水合三氯乙醛前体物含量的75．55％。三维激发发射矩阵荧光光谱结果表明水合三氯乙醛的主要前体物可能为类芳香性蛋白质和类微生物代谢产物等物质而非类富里酸和类腐殖酸。丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、牛血清白蛋白、鲱鱼精DNA等模式化合物是水合三氯乙醛主要前体物,其水合三氯乙醛生成量均大于30μg/mg C。     

异丙氧基官能化聚芳酰胺高温热处理高效制备聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑

针对高性能纤维聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑（PBO）现有制备方法单体合成困难、聚合工艺复杂及纺丝难度大等问题,采用高温热处理方法制备PBO. 合成4,6-二异丙氧基-1,3-二氨基苯作为单体,将其与对苯二甲酰氯缩聚制得PBO前驱体-异丙氧基官能化聚芳酰胺;该前驱体通过静电纺丝制成纳米纤维薄膜,并在350 ℃与氩气气氛等条件下,通过热处理成功实现了前驱体主链的分子内环化、制得目标PBO,制备出的PBO具有高达562 ℃的热降解温度。该方法摆脱了对传统易氧化4,6-二氨基-间苯二酚单体的依赖,显著降低了聚合和成型难度,丰富了PBO的制备方法学。     

Investigation on the structural and microstructural properties of copper-doped hydroxyapatite coatings deposited using solution precursor plasma spraying

Structural and microstructural investigation of solution precursor plasma sprayed copper-doped hydroxyapatite coatings with different Cu dopant concentration was carried out. Scanning electron micrographs did not show any significant morphological changes at the surface and cross-section of the coatings as copper content increases. X-ray diffraction results showed the decrease in the HA phase content from 93 wt.% to 14 wt.% and its degree of crystallinity from 94% to 85% with increasing copper concentration. Raman and IR spectra revealed the broadening and red-shifting of the phosphate bands due to the distortion of the HA structure caused by possible insertion of copper. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy identified Cu and Cu²⁺ as copper species incorporated in HA. Rietveld refinement showed an increase in the lattice a and c parameter and expansion of the unit cell volume associated to an interstitial insertion of Cu along the hexagonal channel of the HA structure.     

Low/intermediate temperature pyrolyzed polysiloxane derived ceramics with increased carbon for electrical applications

This study focuses on the chemistry, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of low/intermediate pyrolysis temperature (700?900 °C) polysiloxane derived ceramics. These ceramics were modified with additional carbon derived from divinylbenzene (DVB) added to the precursor. Their electrical properties were investigated for potential uses in micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) and anodes for lithium batteries. The microstructure and chemical composition was investigated by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provided insight into the thermal stability; and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) into the electrical properties of the material. The increase of pyrolysis temperature and carbon content lead to an enhancement of the electrical conductivity, higher than previously reported values for intermediate pyrolysis temperature SiOC polymer derived ceramics. A limit of the amount of DVB that can be added to PHMS to produce a hybrid precursor has also been obtained.     

Printing high performance reflective electrodes for organic solar cells

In this paper we solve a long term material problem of thin film organic electronics, namely the solution processing of an opaque electrode. Solution processing of opaque metallic top electrodes typically leads to severe shunting problems. We solve this issue by reversing the electrode sequence and print a highly conductive but opaque bottom electrode from metallic precursors. Devices based on these printed bottom electrodes are compared to reference stacks based on evaporated silver. The transparent top electrode is solution processed from silver nanowire inks, which results in highly transparent electrodes with excellent conductivity. The optical, mainly reflective properties of the opaque silver electrode are investigated in comparison to screen-printed silver pastes. The outstanding smoothness of the printed Ag electrode results in high reflectivity and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) based solar cells with η > 2.5% and high fill factors performing on par with reference devices on evaporated silver electrode layers.     

The aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Riphean-Vendian complex with iron-based catalyst: FT-IR spectroscopy data

In this paper, we investigated the influence of steam treatment on structural group composition of resins and asphaltenes of heavy oil. The object of investigation was oil-saturated rocks from Riphean-Vendian complex. The extracted crude oil was determined as a high-viscous fluid. The resins and asphaltenes destructed in a small extent due to thermal treatment. The oil-soluble iron-based catalyst intensified the destructive processes. The content of sulfur compounds (-SO) in resins and asphaltenes drastically decreased due to reduction reaction of sulfoxide to sulfide and hydrogen sulfide. The results showed that catalytic aquathermolysis, even at low temperature ranges, promoted the cracking reaction of most macromolecular components and increased the content of light fractions of heavy oil. Consequently, it reduced its viscosity.     

锆合金包壳水侧SiC涂层研究

研究了聚碳硅烷（PCS）粉末的高温裂解特性及PCS粉末与锆粉间的化学反应机理，并在900 ℃制备了SiC涂层。研究发现，900 ℃开始，PCS裂解产物由无定形态SiC向结晶态转变。不同温度下，PCS粉末与锆粉的混合物发生一系列化学反应，产物为ZrC、Zr₂Si、Si₃Zr₅，通过调节反应温度，可控制该化学反应的程度，进而实现对涂层成分的调节。采用先驱体转化法（PIP）在锆合金包壳表面制备了SiC涂层，经PCS溶液浸涂-裂解3次循环可得到SiC陶瓷层，厚度为4 μm，涂层成分为SiC，ZrC为过渡层。划痕法测试得到涂层附着力等级为1～2级。     

Review of suspension and solution precursor plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings

As one of the promising methods that can be employed to fabricate high-performance thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), suspension plasma spraying (SPS) or solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS) has received significant attention in academic research. Enhanced performances have been shown in the SPS-/SPPS-coatings due to their special microstructures, such as uniformly distributed micro-pores, vertical cracks or columnar structures. Since there are more complexities than conventional plasma spraying methods, many works have been devoted to study the mechanism and properties of SPS-/SPPS-coatings during the past decades. In this work, the latest development of SPS or SPPS is reviewed in order to discuss some key issues in terms of preparation of suspension or solution precursor, injection mode of liquid phase, interaction between liquid and plasma jet, microstructure of as-sprayed coatings and corresponding deposition mechanism. Meanwhile, the potential application of SPS or SPPS in some new-type TBCs is introduced at the end of this paper.