岩爆的超声波监测及预测预报方法试验研究

针对岩爆监测研究的不足,开展了完整硬岩岩爆单轴压缩试验及全过程超声波监测,分析了完整硬岩岩爆破坏特征及超声波前兆规律,探讨了完整硬岩岩爆的预测预报。结果表明:对于完整硬岩岩爆,当加载载荷达到其峰值强度便产生噼啪声响,随之发生爆裂,通过分析碎片,发现试样靠近外部区域劈裂现象明显,越靠近试样内部其破裂面的粉化程度越严重,剪切现象越明显,是源于内部被约束程度的增加导致的强烈摩擦作用和高耗能的结果;通过对完整硬岩岩爆全过程超声波监测,发现波速由平稳不变发展到波动状态、首波波幅由微小的起伏波动发展到较大的起伏波动、衰减系数从增加转为下降均可作为岩爆发生的前兆;首波波幅由总体上减小转为明显增加也可作为岩爆发生的前兆,首波波幅由一直减小发展到微小起伏波动可作为岩爆发生的前兆;硬岩超声波频谱图可反映硬岩试样在载荷作用下其内部由变形发展到产生损伤再到破裂随即岩爆的过程。     

液体在固体表面上的铺展动力学

Based on assuming that there is the precursor film in the front of the apparent contact line （ACL）, a model was proposed to understand the dynamic wetting process and associated dynamic contact angle. The present model indicated that a new dimensionless characteristic parameter, 2, attects the dynamic wetting process and associated dynamic contact angle as well. However, the previous model suggested that the dynamic contact angle is dependent＇on the capillary number and static contact angle only. An experimental investigation was conducted to measure the dynamic wetting behavior of silicon oil moving over glass, aluminum and stainless steel surfaces. It concluded that when the value of 2 was selected as 0.07, 0.16 and 0.35 for glass, aluminum and stainless steel, respectively, the experimental results were in good accordance with the prediction of the model. Furthermore, the comparison of the model with Strom＇s experimental data showed that 2 is independent on the species of liquids. Apparently, 2 should be interpreted as the effect of the solid surface properties on the dynamic wetting process.Meanwhile, it is found in the present experiment that the Hoffman-Voinov-Tanner law, which is valid at very low capillary number （Ca 〈〈 1 or 80〈 10°） recommend by Cazabat, still holds for higher contact angles, even up to 70°-80°. This is explained by （he present model very well.     

聚碳硅烷/聚硅氮烷先驱体体系的交联

考察了Si-C-N陶瓷的先驱体聚碳硅烷（PCS）/聚氮硅烷（PSZ）体系的交联条件。包括交联时间，温度，引发剂和催化剂的种类和用量对交联产物及陶瓷产率的影响。并采用热重分析（TG）法研究了PCS/PSZ体系的交联和裂解过程。结果表明，mpcs:mPSZ:mxylene:mDCP等于2：2：1：0.05，交联条件为温度120℃，压力2MPa。时间6h时，得到的交联产物外观较好。陶瓷产率较高。达到77.8%。     

先驱体法制备氮化硼纤维的研究

以三聚氰胺和硼酸为原料,用有机化学法合成先驱体,制备氮化硼纤维。采用中和滴定法、红外吸收光谱、X射线衍射及扫描电镜进行氮化硼纤维的氮含量的测定及结构分析。结果表明:合成的先驱体是结晶体,晶体发育良好;制得的氮化硼纤维具有B-N键、B-N六元环的特征吸收;随着氮化处理温度的提高, 氮化硼纤维的氮含量增加;用扫描电镜观察1 700℃制得的氮化硼纤维的直径为2-5μm,长径比为20- 100,氮含量为53．46％。     

正交试验法在PAN原丝纺丝工艺中的应用

利用正交设计方法确定了PAN湿法纺丝过程中影响原丝性能最主要的因素。结果表明 :以计量泵转速、凝固浴温度、负拉伸以及蒸汽拉伸倍数作为考察对象 ,影响原丝性能的最显著因素是蒸汽拉伸倍数 ,其次是负拉伸。以负拉伸、第二拉伸、第三拉伸以及蒸汽拉伸的倍数作为考察对象 ,影响原丝性能最显著的是蒸汽拉伸倍数 ,负拉伸几乎没有影响。利用正交实验结果 ,适当调节蒸汽拉伸倍数 ,制得强度为 6.5～ 7.0cN/dtex ,线密度为 1.1～ 1.3dtex的原丝     

高性能PAN原丝计算机仿真与信息管理系统开发

以聚丙烯腈（PAN）原丝实际生产过程为研究对象。以溶液聚合和湿法纺丝为基础。模拟PAN原丝纺制条件，设计开发了一套PAN原丝计算机仿真与信息管理系统。基于Windows视窗编程技术，利用VB和Access数据库。该系统将信息管理，工艺制订，性能预测，在线帮助等功能融为一体，界面友好，操作方便。利用该系统对现场生产过程进行仿真研究，仿真结果和实际测试结果比较表明，系统仿真精度误差小于5%，应用效果良好。     

聚酰亚胺复合杂化环氧树脂基增强浆料的制备与性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,在合成的聚酰胺酸(PAA)中对纳米SiO2/TiO2前驱体进行原位改性,添加硅烷偶联剂(WD-50),利用超声空化及复配技术制备了环氧树脂基-SiO2.TiO2复合杂化聚酰亚胺增强浆料,并采用FTIR、DSC、粒径分析仪、力学测试、STM等手段对所制备增强浆料的性能及其在碳纤维上浆膜铺展的显微形貌进行了分析.结果表明:SiO2.TiO2以纳米粒度分布于浆膜中;上浆后碳纤维轴向界面有一层纳米级粒状突起,表面较为粗糙,改善了碳纤维的界面性能,杂化浆料处理后碳纤维的抗拉强度及层间剪切强度显著提高.     

Processing and properties of 2D SiC/SiC composites by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis

Two-dimensional plain-weave silicon carbide fiber fabric reinforced silicon carbide (2D-SiC/SiC) composites were molded by stacking method and densified through precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. SiC coating was deposited as the fiber/matrix interphase layer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Fiber/matrix debonding and relatively long fiber pullouts were observed on the fracture surfaces. Additionally, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the composites with and without fiber/matrix interphase layer were investigated using three-point bending test and single-edge notched beam test. The results show that the fiber fraction and the porosity of 2D-SiC/SiC composites with and without coating are 27.2% (volume fraction) and 11.1%, and 40.7% (volume fraction) and 7.5%, respectively. And the flexural strength and elastic modulus of 2D-SiC/SiC composites with and without coating are 363.3 MPa and 127.8 GPa, and 180.2 MPa and 97.2 GPa, respectively. With a proper thickness, the coating can effectively adjust the fiber/matrix interface, thus causing a dramatic increase in the mechanical properties of the composites. Foundation item: Project(NCET-07-0228) support by the New Century Excellent Talents in University     

水热法制备YSZ粉体的转化率和团聚特性研究

将反向共沉淀法制备的Zr（OH）4-Y（OH）3前躯体,分别在160、170、180、190、200℃的温度下水热反应1、2、4h,对粉体的水热转化率、一次粒度和团聚状态进行研究。结果表明,在200℃的温度下,添加一定量的三乙醇胺．水热反应4h可以制得转化率高、团聚少、颗粒大小均匀、形貌接近于球形的氧化钇掺杂的氧化锆粉体。     

前驱体热解法制备Al2O3的物相转变及其合成

本文着重考查了Al2O3的前驱体一碳酸铝铵沉淀的形成过程及煅烧过程物相变化，发现可通过调节反应条件和加入合适的表面活性剂，来控制碳酸铝铵晶核的形成及晶体的生长速度，有效地阻止了Al2O3的团聚，并在温度1150摄氏度下制备出分散的Al2O3，其平均粒径为－2um，比表面为－3m^2/g。