冰冻圈水文过程对黑河上游径流的影响分析

黑河上游处于高寒山区,开展冰冻圈水文过程对径流的影响研究,对于判断该地区径流变化趋势及其可持续性具有重要意义。本文应用基流分割、逐步多元回归等方法,分析了1960—2013年黑河上游出山径流量的变化及其原因,重点估计了融雪、冰川融化对径流的贡献,探讨了土壤冻融过程对径流变化的可能影响。分析结果表明,黑河上游山区河川径流在近54年间呈现上升趋势,其中以基流部分的上升为主。降水与气温变化对河川径流上升均有较大贡献。导致春季径流增加的主要因素为温度、降水次之;导致秋季径流增加的主要因素为降水、温度次之。夏季黑河上游东支的雨强有显著增大趋势(日雨量增幅为0.9 mm/10 a),对于河川径流贡献的比例约为15%。黑河山区的逐年降雪量变化不显著,冰川融化对径流增加的贡献小于10%。由此推断气温上升导致基流增加的主要原因是:气温升高导致高寒山区冻土活动层增厚,增加了土壤蓄水容量,从而导致降雨下渗量增加和基流量增大。由于黑河上游冻土分布广泛,未来气温持续上升的情况下,这种产流机制变化导致的基流增加具有可持续性。     

关于“一种信息系统求核的新方法”的注记

指出文献[3]的定理2中对核的理解是不正确的。在此基础上,讨论了信息系统中不同属性约简下核的定义。证明了在协调信息系统下基于代数观的属性约简中的核与基于差别矩阵的属性约简中的核的等价性;同时还证明了,在一般信息系统中基于代数观的属性约简中的核是基于差别矩阵的属性约简中的核的子集。     

快速近似计算Shapley值的归因解释方法

Shapley值归因解释方法虽然能更准确量化解释结果,但过高的计算复杂度严重影响了该方法的实用性.本文引入KD树重新整理待解释模型的预测数据,通过在KD树上插入虚节点,使之满足TreeSHAP算法的使用条件,在此基础上提出了KDSHAP方法.该方法解除了TreeSHAP算法仅能解释树结构模型的限制,将该算法计算Shapley值的高效性放宽到对所有的黑盒模型的解释中,同时保证了计算准确度.通过实验对比分析, KDSHAP方法的可靠性,以及在解释高维输入模型时的适用性.     

When flattery gets you nowhere: Discounting positive feedback as a relationship maintenance strategy.

Intimates can rely on a number of strategies to protect their relationships from potential threats. In the present article, the authors investigate a new strategy: to discount flattering comments received from an attractive alternative to a dating partner by making a situational attribution. However, the authors did not expect everyone to adopt this strategy, as not everyone is likely sufficiently motivated to override both the tendencies to make dispositional attributions and to accept positive feedback from others. Dating and single participants were informed that an attractive alternative's positive impression of them had been made freely or under constraint. As expected, dating participants in the constraint condition were less likely than were those in the no-constraint condition to believe that the alternative's impression of them was genuine. In contrast, single participants believed that the confederate's impression of them was genuine, irrespective of their experimental condition. Self-esteem further moderated this effect. As hypothesised, only dating participants with low self-esteem were sufficiently motivated to recognise the situational constraint and discount the positive feedback. High self-esteem daters who were less inclined to discount the positive feedback instead protected their relationships by devaluing the alternative's attractiveness compared to singles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

地质统计地震反演方法及其在民丰断裂带封堵中的应用研究

断层既可作为油气运移的通道，又可对油气形成封堵。在砂岩含量丰富、造近油源的复杂断块区，断层封堵区域的分析与界定使我们能直接划分由封堵形成的油气藏范围。这类区域以断层两侧岩性配置封堵模式为主。分析岩性对接配置的理想方法是根据断层两侧钻井资料确定断层面的岩性对接，实际上常因钻井资料少而使此法难以施行。在分析、比较多种测井约束地震反演方法后，我们找到一种反演结果可靠的地质统计反演方法，依此研究断层面岩性对接关系。将其应用到民丰断裂带封堵分析研究中，反演出了较理想的岩性剖面。     

"I know you self-handicapped last exam": Gender differences in reactions to self-handicapping.

Past research has shown that self-handicapping involves the trade-off of ability-related attributional benefits for interpersonal costs. Study 1 examined whether perceiver or target sex moderates impressions of self-handicapping targets. Although target sex was not an important factor, female perceivers were consistently more critical of behavioral self-handicappers. Two additional studies replicated this gender difference with variations of the handicap. Study 3 examined the motives inferred by perceivers and found that women not only view self-handicappers as more unmotivated but also report greater suspicion of self-handicapping motives; furthermore, these differences in perceived motives mediated sex differences in reactions to self-handicappers. Implications for the effectiveness of self-handicapping as an impression management strategy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prejudice and Stereotype Maintenance Processes: Attention, Attribution, and Individuation.

Three experiments examined the relationship between prejudice and processing of stereotypic information. Higher levels of prejudice were associated with greater attention to and more thorough encoding of stereotype-inconsistent than stereotype-consistent behaviors but only when processing capacity was plentiful (Experiments 1 and 3). High-prejudice participants attributed consistent behaviors to internal factors and inconsistent behaviors to external forces (Experiment 2). Together, these results suggest that high-prejudice people attend carefully to inconsistent behaviors to explain them away but only if they have sufficient resources to do so. Results also showed that low-prejudice but not high-prejudice participants formed individuated impressions by integrating the implications of the target's behaviors (i.e., individuating). High levels of prejudice appear to be associated with biased encoding and judgment processes that may serve to maintain stereotypes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MAPGIS中使用结点平差操作的问题分析及改进建议

主要介绍应用MAPGIS制图过程中，使用结点平差操作所产生的误差，如：改变了原线段的方向，区分割时。使弧段产生变形，从而使结点平差后的弧段，分割后的区的属性未接要求进行改变，并提出了消除这些误差的方法与建议。     

机械加工工艺过程资源环境属性清单分析与评价

根据机械加工工艺过程资源环境属性,分析了制造工艺过程清单分析步骤,并基于工艺的IPO过程模型,详细描述了清单分析评价指标建立过程与数据获取、评价方法。根据上述步骤和评价方法,建立了某刨削工艺清单分析表,综合评价该工艺的绿色性,从而为改善其资源消耗和环境影响提供依据。     

大学生就业挫折归因及应对特征研究

在对482名本科毕业生就业挫折归因及就业挫折应对方式进行问卷调查和访谈的基础上,深入分析大学生就业挫折归因及应对特征,并从提高教育质量,做好增强大学生就业素质工作;提升学生挫折承受力,做好部分学生就业挫折的教育辅导工作;积极关注女大学生,做好女大学生的就业挫折教育工作;规范进人机制,消除就业中"关系现象"产生的不良影响四个方面提出对策和建议.