The role of causal attributions in public misconceptions about brain injury.

Objective: Social psychological theories such as attribution theory have been applied to conditions such as depression and physical disability, but not to traumatic brain injury (TBI). The goal of this paper is to show that that attribution theory and related concepts help to explain the public's misconceptions about TBI and other challenges faced by clinicians and families of persons with TBI. Results: Research shows that misconceptions about brain injury occur because people misattribute the actions of persons with brain injury. These misattributions reflect two features: (a) the absence of visible markers of the injury, and (b) the tendency to compare persons with TBI with their peers rather than their own preinjury performance. These two processes lead to the opposite pattern to the stigma that occurs with visible disabilities: specifically, a failure among members of the public to recognize that problematic behaviors may result from the injury. This analysis suggests several therapeutic strategies for managing public misconceptions in ways that enhance coping and recovery. Conclusion: Clarifying the attribution processes that underpin misconceptions about brain injury provides a framework for enhancing rehabilitation and addressing these misconceptions effectively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contributing to local policy making on GHG emission reduction through inventorying and attribution: A case study of Shenyang,China

Cities consumed 84% of commercial energy in China, which indicates cities should be the main areas for GHG emissions reduction. Our case study of Shenyang in this paper shows how a clear inventory analysis on GHG emissions at city level can help to identify the major industries and societal sectors for reduction efforts so as to facilitate low-carbon policy-making. The results showed total carbon emission in 2007 was 57 Mt CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e), of which 41 Mt CO₂e was in-boundary emissions and 16 Mt CO₂e was out-of-boundary emissions. The energy sector was dominant in the emission inventory, accounting for 93.1% of total emissions. Within energy sector, emissions from energy production industry, manufacturing and construction industry accounted for 88.4% of this sector. Our analysis showed that comparing with geographical boundary, setting system boundary based on single process standard could provide better information to decision makers for carbon emission reduction. After attributing electricity and heating consumption to final users, the resident and commercial sector became the largest emitter, accounting for 28.5% of total emissions. Spatial analysis of emissions showed that industrial districts such as Shenbei and Tiexi had the large potential to reduce their carbon emissions. Implications of results are finally discussed.     

基于信息熵的二进制差别矩阵属性约简算法

给出一个简化的二进制差别矩阵的属性约简定义,并证明该属性约简的定义与基于信息熵的属性约简的定义是等价的。为求出简化的二进制差别矩阵,设计了一个快速求简化决策表的算法,其时间复杂度为O（|C||U|）。在此基础上,设计了基于信息熵的简化二进制差别矩阵的快速属性约简算法,其时间复杂度和空间复杂度分别为max{O（|C||U|）,O（|C|²|U/C|²）}和max{O（|C||U/C|²）,O（|U|）},最后用一个实例说明了新算法的高效性。     

Making sense by making sentient: Effectance motivation increases anthropomorphism.

People commonly anthropomorphize nonhuman agents, imbuing everything from computers to pets to gods with humanlike capacities and mental experiences. Although widely observed, the determinants of anthropomorphism are poorly understood and rarely investigated. We propose that people anthropomorphize, in part, to satisfy effectance motivation—the basic and chronic motivation to attain mastery of one's environment. Five studies demonstrated that increasing effectance motivation by manipulating the perceived unpredictability of a nonhuman agent or by increasing the incentives for mastery increases anthropomorphism. Neuroimaging data demonstrated that the neural correlates of this process are similar to those engaged when mentalizing other humans. A final study demonstrated that anthropomorphizing a stimulus makes it appear more predictable and understandable, suggesting that anthropomorphism satisfies effectance motivation. Anthropomorphizing nonhuman agents seems to satisfy the basic motivation to make sense of an otherwise uncertain environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

“间”的读解及其建筑释义

中国语言博大精深,一个字可能有多种读音,释义与属性,因此造就了中国文化的复杂与多元,同时也给东方文明带来了光辉与骄傲。建筑语言同样如此,复杂而多元,值得笔者去研究与挖掘。“间”是建筑理论研究中常见字之一,由它组合而成的词组如“空间”、“时间”、“间距”、“间架”等,具有极其丰富的内涵。该文将以“间”为主题．简要探讨“间”的渊源及建筑属性。     

前陆盆地理论及其在中国的应用

追溯了前陆盆地概念的形成与发展过程,研究了这一理论的应用现状.结果表明,现代前陆盆地理论的研究对象仅限于与阿尔卑斯造山带相关的聚敛盆地,而将离散拉张的地球动力学环境和与其伴生的边缘盆地以及前阿尔卑斯期的老前陆盆地等一概排除在外,因而使前陆盆地的内涵存在严重的缺陷,这是其在应用中无法克服的障碍.A俯冲和C俯冲都只是一种地球动力学环境的形象表达方式;离散拉张与聚敛挤压的转换应贯穿于前陆盆地演化的始终;周缘前陆盆地应包括3种类型.前陆盆地也要向前发展、演化而不断改变其属性,前陆盆地没有一个简单统一的结构模式,不切实际地普遍套用Decelles等人的"前陆盆地体系"4大单元和以泛化前陆盆地来人为地提升其油气资源值得商榷.在中国西部近一时期泛化为前陆盆地的14个山前带中,有一半不是前陆盆地.     

归责原则辨析

在论述归责原则的法律涵义的基础上 ,分析了过错责任原则及严格责任原则的利弊关系和归责原则的作用 ,以说明我国《合同法》中归责原则配置的合理性     

当代城市文化背景下的城市功能再生——另一种生态建筑

本文从现代城市文化的角度着手深入探讨了影响城市功能再生的诸多深层社会因素，指出城市功能的再生便是城市文化的再生，城市文化的再生便是城市人文精神的重塑，建筑学意义上的现代城市人文的重塑便是现代城市人对自身生存空间的心理归属，指出存在于现代建筑空间中的另一种生态体系——心理生态，进而提出基于非物质基础上的另一种生态建筑概念.     

When flattery gets you nowhere: Discounting positive feedback as a relationship maintenance strategy.

Intimates can rely on a number of strategies to protect their relationships from potential threats. In the present article, the authors investigate a new strategy: to discount flattering comments received from an attractive alternative to a dating partner by making a situational attribution. However, the authors did not expect everyone to adopt this strategy, as not everyone is likely sufficiently motivated to override both the tendencies to make dispositional attributions and to accept positive feedback from others. Dating and single participants were informed that an attractive alternative's positive impression of them had been made freely or under constraint. As expected, dating participants in the constraint condition were less likely than were those in the no-constraint condition to believe that the alternative's impression of them was genuine. In contrast, single participants believed that the confederate's impression of them was genuine, irrespective of their experimental condition. Self-esteem further moderated this effect. As hypothesised, only dating participants with low self-esteem were sufficiently motivated to recognise the situational constraint and discount the positive feedback. High self-esteem daters who were less inclined to discount the positive feedback instead protected their relationships by devaluing the alternative's attractiveness compared to singles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

内点快速归属算法在出租车调度系统中的应用

随着地理信息系统与智能移动终端的普及,越来越多的基于GIS的出租车调度系统和打车软件被提出来,该系统可合理规划出租车运力的投放,使得乘客享受高品质的服务。而在现有的出租车调度系统中,由于缺乏合理的车辆调度算法,给社会资源带来了巨大的浪费。针对这种问题,该文通过GIS建模,将乘客抽象为GIS中的内点,然后通过内点快速归属算法查找附近的空车,并向附近空闲的出租车发出叫车服务,从而有效合理地利用出租车资源,通过模拟实验验证该算法的时效性和可行性。