Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectra of the Nitrogenase M Cluster Precursor Suggest Sulfur Migration upon Oxidation: A Proposal for Substrate and Inhibitor Binding

The active site of the nitrogen-fixing enzyme Mo-nitrogenase is the M cluster ([MoFe₇S₉C ⋅ R-homocitrate]), also known as the FeMo cofactor or FeMoco. The biosynthesis of this highly complex metallocluster involves a series of proteins. Among them, NifB, a radical-SAM enzyme, is instrumental in the assembly of the L cluster ([Fe₈S₉C]), a precursor and all-iron core of the M cluster. In the absence of sulfite, NifB assembles a precursor form of the L cluster called the L* cluster ([Fe₈S₈C]), which lacks the final ninth sulfur. EPR and MCD spectroscopies are used to probe the electronic structures of the paramagnetic, oxidized forms of both the L and L* clusters, labeled L^Ox and [ L* ] ^Ox . This study shows that both L^Ox and [ L* ] ^Ox have nearly identical EPR and MCD spectra, thus suggesting that the two clusters have identical structures upon oxidation; in other words, a sulfur migrates away from L^Ox following oxidation, thereby rendering the cluster identical to [ L* ] ^Ox . It is proposed that a similar migration could occur to the M cluster upon oxidation, and that this is an instrumental part of both M cluster formation and nitrogenase substrate/inhibitor binding.     

基于拓扑单向波导的电磁诱导透明效应研究

为了研究电磁诱导透明效应在拓扑单向波导中的表现，设计了一种基于磁性光子晶体的耦合谐振腔波导。通过对谐振腔位置的调控实现了具有单向性质的电磁诱导透明效应，并利用有限时域差分仿真证明了电磁诱导透明效应在单向拓扑波导中的相关特性。该研究可为拓扑波导中实现光延迟、光开关等提供参考。     

Moisture transfer and stress development during high-temperature drying of Chinese fir

Abstract

The knowledge of moisture content (MC) and drying stress are crucial parameters to control the drying process and maintain the quality of dried wood. Herein, we investigated the pattern of moisture transfer and stress development in Chinese fir during the high-temperature drying process. The MC in each layer of lumber was separated into bound water and free water via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the drying and residual stress were measured using prong test method. There was different MC in each layer along the thickness, resulting in an MC gradient that initially increased and then decreased, which is consistent with the trend of drying stress. The T₂₁ peak indicating bound water shifted to the left especially when MC was below the fiber saturation point, signifying that the discharge of moisture became difficult with prolonged drying time. The ratio of bound water to free water was different in each layer, indicating that the moisture transfer was different along the thickness. Furthermore, the residual stress was greater than the corresponding drying stress though the disparity reduced gradually, which suggests that the MC gradient was the largest affecting factor for drying stress at high MC stages but decreased to some extent as the drying process continued.     

Deposition-environment-dependent structural and magnetic property modification of [111]-oriented epitaxial CoFe2O4 films

We examined the magnetic, structural, and chemical properties of CoFe₂O₄ films deposited on Al₂O₃ substrates using RF-magnetron sputtering under Ar and Ar + O₂ environments. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with large magnetization was observed in the case of the film deposited under the Ar + O₂ environment. However, no significant anisotropy appeared in the film deposited under the Ar environment. Interestingly, depth-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectra showed nearly identical stoichiometric ratios of Co/Fe and oxygen vacancies regardless of the deposition environment. Structurally, high-quality crystallinity with in-plane compressive strain, and lower surface and interfacial roughness were induced in the film deposited under the Ar + O₂ environment. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and X-ray reflectivity measurements showed that oxygen not only suppressed the deposition rate but also increased the electron density of the film, resulting in better crystallinity. Hence, the presence of oxygen during deposition should be considered as one of the essential parameters for improving the structural and magnetic properties of ferrite films.     

磁性纳米材料处理含铀废水的研究进展

磁性纳米材料具有较强的化学稳定性、可再生回收、良好的吸附性能和易于分离等优点，在去除水溶液中的铀酰离子方面有广泛的应用前景。然而，磁性纳米材料也存在易团聚、易氧化等不足，通过表面修饰或改性等方法可改善其不足，提高其对废水中铀酰离子的去除能力，改善其吸附效果。本文通过总结近年来的相关研究资料，概括了磁性纳米材料的种类，归纳总结并比较了不同种类磁性纳米材料对含铀废水的去除能力及优势与不足，探讨了磁性纳米材料在含铀废水处理中的应用并对其机理进行了分析，阐述了磁性纳米材料去除溶液中铀酰离子的影响因素，简述了目前磁性纳米材料在处理含铀废水中有待解决的问题，并对其在分离放射性元素方面的应用前景进行了展望。     

Cd-substituted Mg composites with dual-equivalent permeability and permittivity for high-frequency miniaturization antennas

Spinel Mg ferrites Mg_1-xCd_xCo_0.05Fe_1.95O₄ (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) as potential agents for the miniaturization of high frequency antennas are presented. All the synthesized compositions were experimentally revealed to possess pure spinel phase. Dual-equivalent permeability and permittivity (μ'≈26, ε'≈25, x=0.3 and μ'≈29, ε'≈28, x=0.4) from 5 to 100 MHz can be achieved by introducing Cd²⁺ ions, yielding large miniaturization factors of up to 25 and 28. To figure out the effects of Cd²⁺ ions substitution on magnetic and dielectric properties, the change in microstructure is mainly investigated. Meanwhile, enhanced magnetic properties including upward saturation magnetization (Ms) (approximately 47.60 emu/g) and reduced coercivity (approximately 54.22 Oe) are obtained due to increased grain size and denser microstructure arrangements reflected from scanning electron microscopy images. With low magnitude order of magnetic and dielectric losses factors (tanδ_ε reaches 10^-4, tanδ_μ reaches 10^-2), the composites can potentially exhibit high operating efficiencies at high frequencies.     

基于永磁涡流传动的长距离带式输送机启动特性研究

针对矿用带式输送机启动过程易出现打滑、淤带和断带等问题,基于永磁涡流传动技术,将双盘式磁力耦合器作为带式输送机的驱动装置,建立双盘式磁力耦合器动态数学模型,运用AMEsim软件搭建带式输送机系统仿真模型,设置启动时间分别为60、80和100 s,采用Harrison控制曲线启动时,研究带式输送机满载启动时机头、机尾部输送带的速度特性和张力特性,张紧装置位移特性以及双盘式磁力耦合器调速气隙特性,仿真结果表明:当启动时间为60 s时,带式输送机输送带速度波动大,动张力明显,尾部输送带最大张力达到29 kN,启动过程不平稳;双盘式磁力耦合器调速时,气隙变化与带式输送机启动速度变化趋势相反,启动过程气隙从22 mm减小到4 mm;当启动时间为80 s和100 s时,带式输送机启动过程相对平稳,速度和张紧装置位移波动小,尾部输送带张力波动幅度分别为5 kN和3 kN;带式输送机启动过程存在最佳启动时间,继续延长时间,对带式输送机启动特性影响越来越小,80 s可作为合理启动时间。     

用于阀芯类零件去毛刺的磁极板优化设计与实验研究

目的 为解决阀芯类零件节流边毛刺去除不均匀和效率低下的问题，对磁极板尺寸和曲率进行规律性研究和实验验证。方法 首先，用Maxwell仿真软件对磁极板的各个参数进行规律性仿真，得出合适的磁极板尺寸;其次，为提高加工区域的磁感应强度值，设计了曲面磁极板，并对其相关参数进行仿真;最后对优化后的装置进行磁感应强度测试，并使用液体磁性磨具对45钢和阀芯棱边毛刺进行去除实验。结果 根据仿真结果发现，磁极板长度比工件大20 mm时，工件轴向磁场分布最均匀，磁极板厚度对磁场影响较小，磁极板宽度应根据加工间隙进行选择。曲面磁极板可以加强加工区域的磁感应强度值，曲率半径越小，加工区域获得的磁感应强度值越大，其中半圆形磁极板效果最佳。对装置的磁感应强度测试也表明，将工件置于磁场中后，其表面磁感应强度值最高达600 mT左右，满足加工需求。最后通过加工实验发现，在转速为500 r/min的条件下，阀芯节流边的毛刺去除效果理想，且轴向加工均匀。结论 该装置可以对阀芯这类导磁性回转类零件产生良好的加工效果。     

Ultra-thin Laminated Metal Composites with Ultra-high Strength and Excellent Soft Magnetic Properties

Structural metallic materials with excellent functional performance and lightweight features have always been the goal of material scientists' pursuit.In this work,laminated metal composites of different thicknesses(less than 0.4 mm) composed of structural materials with great differences in deformation ability were successfully fabricated via a novel processing procedure.Ultra-high strength and excellent soft magnetic properties were combined perfectly in the ultra-thin and super-light laminated metal composite strips due to unique structural design and essential attributes of the initial materials.These results emphasize the significant potential application value of the ultra-thin laminated metal composites in the field of structural and functional integration.     

双盘式磁力耦合器振动噪声分析与实验研究

为了在双盘式磁力耦合器设计阶段分析振动噪声特性,优化双盘式磁力耦合器设计,提出了一种利用模态叠加原理来分析其振动噪声的方法。双盘式磁力耦合器具有高转矩密度与高效率等优势,因此逐渐发展成为煤矿机械柔性传动装置。由于双盘式磁力耦合内部的转子磁场非正弦分布以及涡电流谐波等因素影响,双盘式磁力耦合器输出转矩中不可避免的存在波动。若根据计算得出的双盘式磁力耦合器的电磁振动噪声特点,在设计时选取振动噪声小的参数进行优化组合,可在实际中降低其电磁振动及噪声,有利于减少制造成本。本文结合双盘式磁力耦合器的结构特征,提出了一种模态叠加响应法计算电磁振动噪声,建立了其电磁径向力的解析模型,并在多物理场耦合作用下分析主要电磁径向力波在工作频率内的谐波响应,最后在额定功率为55 kW双盘式磁力耦合器实验台上进行试验验证。基于麦克斯韦张量法,建立了双盘式磁力耦合器的径向电磁力解析模型,并得出0阶与10阶电磁径向力波是产生振动噪声的最主要原因;利用多物理场耦合分析法进行谐波响应NVH特性分析,结果显示0阶力波的振动加速度与形变量均大于10阶力波的振动加速度与形变量,因此双盘式磁力耦合器的电磁振动主要来源于0阶力波;在额定功率为55 kW,最高转速为1 500 r/min的双盘式磁力耦合器实验台进行振动测试,试验结果显示在1 500 r/min时,试验得出的最大振动峰值及频率约为35 m/s^2和4 950 Hz,与有限元仿真结果的误差对应为6.3%和1.1%;而当变频电机的输入转速依次增大时,振动加速度的理论值、仿真值与试验值的曲线形态较为接近,误差较小;噪声估计值与实测值的最大误差仅为8.9%,基本验证了本文所提出模态叠加法的正确性。