Meta-Analysis of Methamphetamine Modulation on Amyloid Precursor Protein through HMGB1 in Alzheimer’s Disease

The deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) through the cleavage of amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study used QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to conduct meta-analysis on the molecular mechanisms by which methamphetamine (METH) impacts AD through modulating the expression of APP. All the molecules affected by METH and APP were collected from the QIAGEN Knowledge Base (QKB); 78 overlapping molecules were identified. Upon simulation of METH exposure using the “Molecule Activity Predictor” feature, eight molecules were found to be affected by METH and exhibited activation relationships on APP expression at a confidence of p = 0.000453 (Z-score = 3.51, two-tailed). Core Analysis of these eight molecules identified High Mobility Group Box protein 1 (HMGB1) signaling pathway among the top 5 canonical pathways with most overlap with the 8-molecule dataset. Simulated METH exposure increased APP expression through HMGB1 at a confidence of p < 0.00001 (Z-score = 7.64, two-tailed). HMGB1 is a pathogenic hallmark in AD progression. It not only increases the production of inflammatory mediators, but also mediates the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Our analyses suggest the involvement of HMGB1 signaling pathway in METH-induced modulation of APP as a potential casual factor of AD.     

一种V/U频段零中频发射信道小型化设计

针对V/U频段,提出了一种宽带发射机的前端设计方法,其中包括射频信道设计、频率合成器的设计以及基带电路设计。鉴于小型化的设计思想,射频前端采用零中频发射机架构,通过合理的滤波、放大等信号处理,输出1 dB压缩点为16 dBm。频率合成器采用集成VCO的锁相环芯片ADF4351,为满足高速跳频通信体制,采用兵乓环高速换频,实现单边带相位噪声优于-125 dBc/Hz@100 kHz,频率切换时间小于10μs。基带电路采用正交调制器LTC5598和12位双通道DA转换器AD9716,可实现最大带宽为40 MHz的I/Q双路同时调制。通过FPGA或DSP基带处理,可广泛用于V/U小型化发射机设计。     

一种模拟量模块的应用

模拟量模块采用RS485通讯网路,将分散的现场数据点的模拟量经AD变换传输到主机或由PC控制远程主站点。模拟量模块具有计量数据采集、测量数据采集、设备开关状态采集和对外逻辑控制等多项功能,主要用作各种测控终端的数据采集、控制和显示设备,适用于各行业的自动化、信息化系统。本文介绍了一种模拟量模块的应用。     

基于差频检测技术的高速AD单粒子翻转评估方法研究

本文基于差频检测的原理，提出一种在高频动态输入模式下，对高速高精度模数转换器（AD）的抗单粒子翻转效应进行评估的测试方法，并以一款8位3 GSPS高速AD为测试对象，设计开发了一套高速AD单粒子翻转效应测试系统，对目标器件进行了重离子试验。通过对试验结果的图像和错误数据进行分析，评估参试器件的抗辐照性能参数，为抗辐照高速高精度AD的加固设计提供数据支撑。     

No Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognition and Mood in Individuals with Cognitive Impairment and Probable Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Findings from epidemiological and observational studies have indicated that diets high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To determine if increasing intake of DHA and EPA through supplementation is beneficial to cognition and mood in individuals with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) a four month, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study was conducted. Fifty-seven participants with CIND and nineteen with AD were randomised to receive either omega-3 PUFAs (600 mg EPA and 625 mg DHA per day) or placebo (olive oil) over a four month period. Elevating depleted levels of EPA and DHA through supplementation in individuals with CIND or AD was found to have negligible beneficial effect on their cognition or mood. These findings confirm an overall negligible benefit of omega-3 PUFA supplementation for those with cognitive impairment and dementia. More intervention studies need to be undertaken with longer study durations and larger sample sizes. It may prove fruitful to examine effects of different doses as well as effects in other dementia subtypes.     

Sustainability accounting for the construction and operation of a plant‐scale solar‐biogas heating system based on emergy analysis

Domestic heating systems have long been playing a significant role in China's energy structure. The sustainability of a hybrid solar‐biogas heating system (SBHS) under various feedstock fermentation scenarios was evaluated using emergy analysis. Representative emergy indices such as transformities, emergy yield ratio (EYR), environmental loading ratio (ELR), emergy sustainability index (ESI), ratio of waste treatment (%W), feedback yield ratio (FYR), and emission mitigation intensity (EMI; g/10¹⁰ sej) were selected to evaluate the sustainability performance of different feedstock scenarios including cow dung (CD), swine manure (SM), and poultry manure (PM). The results showed that PM fermentation scenario had greater market competitiveness, lower environmental pressure, better sustainability, and self‐organizing ability than the other two options. However, both the emergy efficiency and the CO₂ emissions mitigation intensity of PM scenario were worse than that of the SM and CD. Moreover, compared with other biogas systems and traditional agricultural systems, the hybrid SBHS was proved to be a promising mode for the treatment of rural manure waste with favorable economic benefits and environmental sustainability.     

Lower temperature hydrothermal pretreatment improves the anaerobic digestion performance of spent cow bedding

The anaerobic digestion (AD) performance of spent cow bedding was investigated with different hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) conditions. Spent cow bedding was pretreated with low temperatures (50, 70, and 90℃) and different pretreatment times (2-72 h) with ammonia and without ammonia. The results showed that spent cow bedding was a good raw material for AD. After pretreatment, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the group of hydrothermal pretreatments with ammonia (HPA) was higher than that in the HP group at the same pretreatment temperature and time. The optimal pretreatment condition was achieved with an HPA of 50℃ holding for 72 h. At the optimal condition, the highest concentration of VFAs was 1.58-10.85 times higher than that of the other pretreated groups. The highest hemicellulose and lignin removal rates were 58.07% and 10.32%, respectively. The highest methane yield was 163.0 ml·(g VS)^-1, which was 48.9% higher than that of the untreated group. The VFAs, pH, and reducing sugars showed positive relationships with the methane yield. Therefore, HP at low temperature can enhance the AD performance of spent cow bedding.     

高集成度射频收发器的差分正交调制解调测试与工程实现

针对高集成度射频收发器(AD9361)实现差分正交调制解调(DQPSK)收发过程中存在的工程实现问题,采用理论分析与硬件平台实现相结合的方法测试AD9361,验证DQPSK调制解调;先通过Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI)接口测试AD9361自发自收,采用点积叉积方法实现了DQPSK的调制解调;配置AD9361过程中,通过测试定位初始化后AD9361输出端无波形、通过示波器观察发现AD9361发射与接收本振时域波形扭曲、频谱仪观察AD9361输出端谐波分量严重、DQPSK解调时发射本振与接收本振存在随机相位误差4个疑难问题,分别通过采用降低SPI时钟频率为10 MHz、AD9361芯片的系统时钟更改设置为40 MHz、初始化过程中输出端频率设置为1.4 GHz、DQPSK的解调采用点积叉积方式进行解调4种方法予以解决;实验结果表明4个相关问题解决效果良好,所实现的DQPSK收发性能可靠。     

Gas permeation in thin films of “high free-volume” glassy perfluoropolymers: Part I. Physical aging

Physical aging of both thick and thin films of “high free-volume” glassy perfluoropolymers was studied by monitoring changes in pure gas permeability of O₂, N₂ and CH₄. All permeability measurements were done at a fixed temperature of 35 °C for more than 1000 h of aging. Two grades of perfluoropolymers, Teflon AF and Hyflon AD, having different comonomer structures but with similar comonomer ratios were studied to understand the effect of comonomer type and content on the aging behavior. The effect of casting process (solution vs. spin coating) and solvent type (vapor pressure and boiling point) had a significant effect on the absolute permeability of both thick and thin films; however, the aging rates were more affected by thickness and solvent type rather than the casting process for similar thicknesses. After 1000 h of aging, the relative permeability for thin films of Teflon AF 2400 was decreased by 27% compared to only 10% for thick films prepared from Novec 7500 solvent. Teflon AF, which has a higher fractional free volume (FFV) than Hyflon AD, is believed to undergo significant aging well before the initial permeability measurement could be made (after ∼ 1 h of aging) and, therefore, Teflon AF materials showed a lower decrease in relative permeability compared to Hyflon AD for the same aging time. The comonomer type and content has a significant effect on the permeability; the initial absolute oxygen permeability for AF 2400 was an order of magnitude higher compared to AD 60. The physical aging of thin films of the various glassy perfluoropolymers was also tracked by recording changes in the refractive index and thickness with time by ellipsometry. The ellipsometry data also confirmed higher aging rates in Hyflon AD compared to Teflon AF materials. The volumetric aging rate, obtained from the change in the refractive index using the Lorentz–Lorenz equation, and the permeability reduction rate from the (P_1000h/P_1h) ratio showed an excellent linear correlation. The (P_1000h/P_1h) ratio also showed a stronger correlation with (T_g−35) °C than with FFV.     

一种车用质子交换膜燃料电池管理系统设计

基于Microchip公司的高性能数字信号控制器dsPIC30F6014A,完成了一种车用质子交换膜燃料电池管理系统的单膜电压检测单元CVU和电堆主控单元FCU的软硬件设计,开发了基于C语言的膜电极电压采集程序和管理系统主控程序,并且用样机验证了设计。