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1.
鲍博  史嘉威  冯嘉  杨再雍  彭宝亮  赵双良 《石油学报》2022,43(3):432-442+452
实现老油田和非常规油田提高采收率评价方法的创新有着重要的科学意义和工程价值。微流控技术可以复现油藏微米、纳米级孔隙结构,并且原位观测微米、纳米级孔隙结构中油藏流体和驱替相流体的流动和相变过程。与传统岩心驱替实验评价方法相比,微流控技术同时具有实时可视化、受限尺度小、样品消耗量少和测量时间短等优点,使之逐步成为研究和筛选驱替剂的有效评价技术方法。得益于优异的界面活性,表面活性剂已成为化学驱中备受关注的一种驱替物质。通过对基于微流控技术的表面活性剂驱油的最新实验研究进行调研,详细介绍了微流控技术研究表面活性剂强化驱油的系统组成,重点分析了表面活性剂乳化体系驱油机理和表面活性剂非乳化体系驱油机理。在表面活性剂乳化驱油体系中,针对不同油藏类型分析了表面活性剂的应用,包括微乳液体系的驱油机理和乳状液体系的驱油机理。在表面活性剂非乳化驱油体系中,详细分析了传统表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂以非乳化作用强化驱油的机理,并对微流控技术在油气田开发领域的应用进行了展望。  相似文献   
2.
克拉玛依油田五区南上乌尔禾组油藏为低孔低渗稠油油藏,储集层物性差,注水开发产量递减快,地层能量保持程度低,后油井全面关停。近年来重新压裂复产,初期效果显著,但产量递减率高。为解决油井低产低效的问题,开展CO2表面活性剂复合吞吐技术研究,并进行提产试验。在增油机理实验的基础上,应用多组分油藏数值模拟技术,对CO2表面活性剂复合注入方式及参数进行优化;建立了增产油量随不同吞吐周期注入量、注气速度、焖井时间、开采强度等参数变化的响应关系,确定了复合吞吐的最佳注入参数。矿场实施后,单井自喷达240 d,增产原油630 t,补充地层能量、改善流动性的效果显著,可供同类油藏开发参考。  相似文献   
3.
为了研究复合表面活性剂对油包水型高内相乳状液流变性和稳定性的影响,选用由PIBSA-TEA和油酸二乙醇酰胺、椰子油酸二乙醇酰胺、失水山梨醇单油酸酯等小分子表面活性剂组成的复合表面活性剂制备HCEs,并检测所制得HCEs的流变性和储存稳定性。结果表明:表面活性剂对HCEs的剪切应力和储能模量有较大的影响。采用复合表面活性剂制备的HCEs具有较高的剪切应力和储能模量。但是,复合表面活性剂制备的HCEs储存稳定性明显下降。在油相黏度比较高时,复合表面活性剂制备的HCEs储存稳定性有一定的提高。  相似文献   
4.
以碱木质素(AL)为原料,采用微波消解预处理AL,随后采用季胺化反应制备得到木质素基离子型表面活性剂。探究H2O2用量、微波功率、微波时间对产物性能的影响,并利用电位滴定、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计和光学接触角测量仪等对AL及其季铵化产物(ALG)、微波消解预处理木质素(ALM)及其季铵化产物(即木质素基阳离子型表面活性剂,ALMG)进行表征。结果表明,微波消解预处理的最佳反应条件是:H2O2用量8.4 wt%、微波时间7 min、微波功率140 W。经微波消解预处理后,ALM的酚羟基含量明显提高(由AL的1.29 mmol/g提高至ALM的2.39 mmol/g)。经季铵化接枝后,ALMG具有较低的表面张力,相同质量浓度(0.1 g/L)下,ALMG溶液的表面张力为36 mN/m,显著低于ALG溶液的表面张力(47 mN/m);ALMG临界胶束浓度值为0.6 g/L,可用作润湿剂。  相似文献   
5.
目的:优选表面活性剂辅助超声提取柿叶总黄酮工艺。方法:以柿叶为材料,总黄酮得率和DPPH自由基清除率为指标,分别考察表面活性剂种类、表面活性剂质量分数、液料比、超声时间及超声温度对指标的影响,并通过Box-Behnken设计-双响应面法优选总黄酮提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺:乙醇体积分数70%、十二烷基硫酸钠质量分数0.6%、液料比22:1 mL/g、超声温度30 ℃和超声时间7.3 min,此时柿叶总黄酮得率的实际值为(103.63±0.10)mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率为(65.35%±0.12%)。结论:优化后的提取工艺可有效地提高柿叶总黄酮得率,为柿叶黄酮类成分资源的研究开发与利用提供一定的理论基础。  相似文献   
6.
本研究在正交实验的基础上,以清洗前后油渍处宣纸的白度值和pH值为指标,发现温度30 ℃,100 g的质量分数为2.4%的OP-10水溶液,超纯水冲洗量25 g是最佳清洗条件。然后对清洗前后的纸张进行红外光谱(FT-IR)、表面形貌和机械性能的测试,发现清洗后的纸张机械强度有所变化,横、纵向抗张强度由0.883 kN/m和1.13 kN/m分别下降到0.515 kN/m和0.693 kN/m,横、纵向耐折度由5双折次和6双折次分别下降到2双折次和3双折次,横、纵向柔软度从160 mN和230 mN分别下降到120 mN和180 mN。清洗后的植物油油渍颜色变浅、污染范围明显变小,达到了很好地去除植物油油渍的效果。  相似文献   
7.
Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are an important for fire extinguishing, and their key ingredient is fluorinated surfactant. In recent years, traditional long-chain fluorinated surfactants have been banned by most countries because of their persistence, bio-accumulation and toxicity. Therefore, increased attention has been paid to the research and development of short-chain fluorinated surfactants. As is well known, the introduction of hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups in a surfactant affects its surface activity, and therefore, the fire extinguishing performance of AFFFs. In this work, a series of short-chain fluorosurfactant-based AFFFs with different hydrophobic chain lengths were prepared. The physicochemical performance of mixed systems (fluorinated surfactant plus sodium hexanesulfonate), including surface activity, spreading ability, foam expansion, drainage time, and the fire extinguishing and burn-back performance of AFFFs were studied. The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension (γCMC) at the CMC of mixed systems at 25°C are lower than 7.68 mmol/L and 16.51 mN/m, respectively. For mixed systems, the average spreading rate is more than 1.09 cm/s, the foam expansion is over 7.1, and the drainage time is greater than 3.28 min. The fire extinguishing time of AFFFs on fuels is less than 51 s while the burn-back time is more than 15.18 min. The results imply a potential application prospect of the short-chain fluorinated surfactants in AFFFs.  相似文献   
8.
Fluorocarbon surfactants were the main components of aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents (AFFF). Unfortunately, the widely used fluorocarbon surfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was limited due to its toxicity, bioaccumulation and biodegradability. In this paper, an environmentally friendly quaternary ammonium cationic fluorocarbon surfactant with high surface activity and simple synthesis route was reported. The surface performance and aggregation behavior of the mixed solution of this fluorocarbon surfactant and sodium n-octyl sulfate were studied by means of surface tension meter and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the synergistic effect of sodium n-octyl sulfate and this fluorocarbon surfactant was significant, and many vesicles could be observed in the mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L under TEM. Subsequently, three environmental friendly AFFF formulations (F-1, F-2, F-3) were designed with the mixture of the fluorocarbon surfactant, sodium n-octyl sulfate and lauryl betaine BS-12 as foaming agent. Through its foam performance test, it could be seen that F-3 showed relatively excellent foam performance. The initial foam height h0 was 70 mm, the 25% drainage time was 315 s, the extinguishing time was 28 s, and the burn-back time was 720 s. This kind of fire extinguishing agent had the potential of fire protection application.  相似文献   
9.
Zwitterionic surfactants based on 3-(1-alkyl-3-imidazolio) propane-sulfonate ([ImS3-R] where R is octyl or dodecyl) is an emerging and important class of amphiphile due to their relevance as nano reactors for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and accelerated acid hydrolysis. The physicochemical properties of such synthesized imidazolium ring-containing zwitterionic surfactants have been characterized by surface tension and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. Surface tension measurements were used to calculate several thermodynamic parameters over a range of concentrations and temperatures (298–313 K). The results obtained showed a weak signature representing the critical micelle concentration (CMC) for ImS3-8, however, by increasing the alkyl length of the hydrophobic group to dodecyl, that is, ImS3-8 to ImS3-12, the signature of the CMC was much more evident. As expected, the CMC for ImS3-12 shifted to a lower concentration. An increase in temperature increased the surface activity and decreased the CMC of both zwitterionic surfactants, although the changes were small. Compared to classical surfactants, that is, sodium dodecyl sulfate and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide, the CMC of ImS3-12 is much lower. Modeling of SANS data demonstrated that the morphology of the micelles formed by these amphiphiles may be described by the “classical” model, a central hydrophobic core, with a shell of hydrated headgroups. Due to their widespread applications in colloidal and interfacial science, the present study adds new insight to the fundamental understanding of these interesting imidazolium-based surface-active ionic liquids (ImS3-R).  相似文献   
10.
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (POLE) are the major surfactants in washing detergents. In the present study, we isolated surfactant-resistant bacteria from soil samples collected from a sports ground and a farm field. The samples were treated with 2.0% LAS or POLE at 25°C for 30 min and cultivated on agar plates at 25°C for several days, after which manifold bacterial colonies were isolated. Thereafter, we tested the ability of each bacterial isolate to resist the antibacterial activity of the surfactant. Ten LAS-resistant strains were isolated, and all were found to be Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. On the other hand, 18 POLE-resistant strains were isolated, of which 14 were Gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus and Microbacterium. Notably, one POLE-resistant strain was identified as Bacillus cereus, a potential causative agent for foodborne illness. The genera of LAS- and POLE-resistant bacteria did not overlap. Therefore, the combination of LAS and POLE could be more effective to eliminate soil bacteria from clothes and/or daily necessities.  相似文献   
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