平面并联机构工作空间的三维螺旋扫描CAD求解

针对平面并联机构无奇异位置工作空间求解困难、过程繁琐、计算量大等问题，提出了基于CAD求解平面并联机构工作空间的三维螺旋扫描方法。将[n]自由度平面并联机构分解成[n]条支链进行独立分析，得到每条支链下末端执行器的可达区域，再将所有支链可达区域取交集即为平面并联机构工作空间。应用SolidWorks软件建立平面并联机构模型，进行几何特征处理，通过自动求解器求解，将求解过程图形化，快速得到同轴布局5R机构和平面3-RPR并联机构的无奇异位置工作空间。通过同轴布局5R机构的运动学实验，验证了该求解方法的可行性。     

从战后重建到预防性保护 —— 比利时建筑遗产保护之路

本文分为两个部分,第一部分简述了比利时在不同时期的建筑遗产保护实践,主要包括:第二次世界大战后的战后重建,威尼斯宣言颁布前后的相关实践,1975年"欧洲建筑遗产年"后对"历史文物古迹"的保护延伸到对次要建筑群及其所处环境以及历史城市、村镇的整体性保护,1988年文化遗产保护管理从比利时联邦下放到弗兰芒、瓦隆、布鲁塞尔三区实行分区管理等方面;第二部分着重介绍了比利时在建筑遗产的预防性保护这块的实践,以"文物古迹监护"机构近30年的实践为例,并试图从历史、社会、经济、管理、教育等角度对预防性保护得以成功实施的原因进行了分析。     

Design and optimization of zirconia functional surfaces for dental implants applications

Zirconia is becoming a promising solution for biomedical applications, namely for dental implants, due to its biocompatibility, and mechanical and aesthetical properties. Despite the constant developments in the dentistry field, strategies to promote an effective vascularization at the implant's surface and consequently improved osseointegration are still not enough.In this sense, with the aim of promoting the vascularization at the implant's surface, zirconia surfaces with micro-channels were designed and evaluated regarding their hydrophilicity and capillarity. A CAD/CAM system was used to design and produce the specimens and different techniques were used to characterize the surfaces. The obtained average surface roughnesses are in accordance with the literature for similar materials. Results revealed that the produced materials present high levels of hydrophilicity, whether in contact with water or FBS - Fetal Bovine Serum. Additionally, micro-channels with 200 μm of width and 100 μm of depth were the ones that presented higher capillarity, thus being promising solutions for the promotion of implants vascularization, and consequently improved osseointegration.     

Self-adaptation of mobile systems driven by the Common Variability Language

The execution context in which pervasive systems or mobile computing run changes continually. Hence, applications for these systems require support for self-adaptation to the continual context changes. Most of the approaches for self-adaptive systems implement a reconfiguration service that receives as input the list of all possible configurations and the plans to switch between them. In this paper we present an alternative approach for the automatic generation of application configurations and the reconfiguration plans at runtime. With our approach, the generated configurations are optimal as regards different criteria, such as functionality or resource consumption (e.g. battery or memory). This is achieved by: (1) modelling architectural variability at design-time using the Common Variability Language (CVL), and (2) using a genetic algorithm that finds nearly-optimal configurations at run-time using the information provided by the variability model. We also specify a case study and we use it to evaluate our approach, showing that it is efficient and suitable for devices with scarce resources.     

Assessing the impact of geometric design intent annotations on parametric model alteration activities

The effective representation and communication of design intent plays a crucial role in CAD model alteration activities. In history-based parametric modeling systems, design intent information is usually expressed implicitly within the model. However, there is evidence that suggests that an explicit representation can increase productivity and quality and facilitate the transferring of design knowledge throughout the different stages of the product lifecycle. In this paper, we assess the effectiveness of 3D annotations as mechanisms for explicit design intent representation and examine their impact in model alteration processes that require a direct interaction with the model's geometry. We present the results of a series of studies aimed at measuring user performance and model quality in two scenarios. First, we hypothesized that annotations are valuable tools to provide design information when inadequate modeling assumptions can be made by designers. Second, we evaluated annotations as tools to communicate design decisions when multiple options are available. In both cases, results show statistically significant benefits of annotated models, suggesting the use of this technique as a valuable approach to improve design intent communication.     

Calculating the medial axis of a CAD model by multi-CPU based parallel computation

Computational efficiency is still a great challenge for the generation of the Medial Axis (MA) for complicated CAD models. Current research mainly focuses on CPU-based MA generation methods. However, most of the methods emphasize using a single CPU. The highly-efficient methods based on parallel computing are still missing. In this study, a parallel method based on multi-CPU is proposed for the efficient MA generation of CAD models using distance dilation. By dividing the whole model into several parts for which MAs are calculated in parallel and then combined, computational efficiency can be greatly improved in theory and the computation time can be reduced nearly K times if K CPUs are used. Firstly, an adaptive division method is proposed to divide the voxelized model into blocks which have nearly the same number of voxels to balance the computational burden. Secondly, the local Euclidean Distance Transform (EDT) is calculated for each block based on the existing distance dilation method. Thirdly, the complete inter-dilation method is proposed to compute the influence between different blocks to get a global EDT for each block. Finally, each block generates a sub-MA separately and then all the generated MAs are combined to obtain the final MA. The last three processes can be efficiently conducted in parallel by using multiple CPUs. Several groups of experiments are conducted which demonstrate the good performance of the proposed methods in terms of efficiency.     

Neuroscience and architecture: What does the brain tell to an emotional experience of architecture via a functional MR study?

Environment psychologically affects individuals. According to the base of cognitive psychology, there is a direct relationship between human behavior, environment, and emotional process. Assuming that pleasantness and unpleasantness are associated with peripheral nervous system activation, the current study aims to explore if the pleasant or unpleasant architectural places can stimulate the brain regions engaged in emotions or not. As the main contribution, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measuring blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) changes to effectively detect the brain's region that mainly responds to the emotional-perceptual processes. Based on the results of examining the emotional assessment model of “Pleasure-Arousal” applied to 140 students, 30 most-rated images representing 15 pleasant and 15 unpleasant places were shown to 32 participants in a 1.5-T MRI scanner. After applying standard preprocessing steps (re-alignment, slice-timing, co-registration, segmentation, normalization, and smoothing) to functional MR images, first-level analysis was applied to each subject. The results were evaluated using statistical corrections at different levels for female and male participants with the second-level analysis. In conclusion, it has been shown that there is a significant linkage between environmental experience and brain activation so that the architectural qualities can change blood flow in specific brain regions.     

Design response to rising sea levels in the Maldives: A study into aquatic architecture

Climate change and rising sea levels present immediate threats to humanity. However, the global catastrophe fails to generate sufficient action. Subject to total submergence within 80 years, this study undertakes an iterative design process seeking sustainable adaptation strategies for the coastal island nation of the Maldives, specifically, Malé, its capital, which exists under a “state of alert” by order of government. Research methods include literature reviews, site analysis, mapping, and iterative design processes to develop an implementation framework strategy. Infrastructure concepts are presented as speculative images with context-specific spatial relationships and functions. Concepts do not intend to represent a conclusive prototype, rather, an ideation—a solution-based discourse among key audiences highlighting the need to act decisively and adaptively.     

1970年以后欧美建筑再利用的学术发展概览

本文介绍了西方关于建筑再利用的理论研究和教学概况，以期为国内更好地理解建筑再利用问题以及将来 开展相关研究、教学和项目实践提供些许参考。本文第一部分介绍了建筑再利用的理论研究，从建筑学领域和遗 产保护领域这两个方面分开阐述，建筑学领域关于建筑再利用的理论研究主要分为类型学、技术派、建筑策略和 室内设计等方向，遗产保护领域关于建筑再利用的专门讨论是近几年才开始的，主要包括适应性再利用、可持续 再利用和共同演变式再利用等方向。第二部分介绍了建筑再利用的教学情况，首先以米兰理工大学为例介绍了建 筑学科下关于建筑再利用的专业课程教学，接着以美国罗德岛设计学院和比利时哈瑟尔特大学等高校为代表介绍 了关于建筑适应性再利用的专业硕士培训项目，最后介绍了欧盟关于现代主义建筑再利用以及其他高校关于建筑 再利用的硕士培训项目。