Live video streaming service with pay-as-you-use model on Ethereum Blockchain and InterPlanetary file system

Wireless Networks - In centralized video streaming platforms, the platform owner, rather than the content producer, controls most of the content uploaded on the centralized video...     

FastFabric: Scaling hyperledger fabric to 20 000 transactions per second

Blockchain technologies are expected to make a significant impact on a variety of industries. However, one issue holding them back is their limited transaction throughput, especially compared to established solutions such as distributed database systems. In this paper, we rearchitect a modern permissioned blockchain system, Hyperledger Fabric, to increase transaction throughput from 3000 to 20 000 transactions per second. We focus on performance bottlenecks beyond the consensus mechanism, and we propose architectural changes that reduce computation and I/O overhead during transaction ordering and validation to greatly improve throughput. Notably, our optimizations are fully plug‐and‐play and do not require any interface changes to Hyperledger Fabric.     

Spatial and temporal changes in the volatile profile of Alphonso mango upon exogenous ethylene treatment

Alphonso is a highly favoured and exported mango cultivar among the vast mango germplasm of India. Being a climacteric fruit, ethylene plays an important role in ripening of mango. For deeper understanding of effect of pre-climacteric ethylene treatment on volatile profiles of Alphonso mango, 26 volatiles were tracked through six ripening stages of pulp and skin of ethylene-treated and control Alphonso fruits. The study revealed accelerated ripening in terms of early appearance of ripening-specific compounds, lactones and mesifuran, upon ethylene treatment. While the level of lactones remained unaffected, the mesifuran level vastly increased upon ethylene treatment. Skin showed high terpene content while pulp had higher amount of lactones compared to skin. This work points towards involvement of ethylene as a natural hormone in the biosynthesis of lactones and furanones in naturally ripened fruits; whereas, an increase in the terpene level during ripening appears to be independent of ethylene.     

Reactive extraction of itaconic acid using tri‐n‐butyl phosphate and aliquat 336 in sunflower oil as a non‐toxic diluent

Itaconic acid finds a place in various industrial applications. It can be produced by biocultivation in a clean and environment friendly route but recovery of the acid from the dilute stream of the bioreactor is an economic problem. Reactive extraction is a promising method to recover carboxylic acid but suffers from toxicity problems of the diluent and extractant employed. So there is need for a non‐toxic extractant and diluent or a combination of less toxic extractants in a non‐toxic diluent that can recover acid efficiently. Effect of different extractants: tri‐n‐butylphosphate (TBP) (an organophosporous compound) and Aliquat 336 (a quaternary amine) in sunflower oil was studied to find the best extractant–sunflower oil combination. Equilibrium complexation constant, K_E, values of 1.789 and 2.385 m³ kmol^?1, respectively, were obtained for itaconic acid extraction using TBP and Aliquat 336 in sunflower oil. The problem of toxicity in reactive extraction can be reduced by using a natural non‐toxic diluent (sunflower oil) with the extractant. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biosynthetic approach for the production of new aminoglycoside derivative

Aminoglycoside antibiotics can be classified into two major groups; streptamine containing and 2-deoxystreptamine containing antibiotics. Here, we report a biosynthetic approach for the fusion of spectinomycin and kanamycin biosynthetic gene clusters to yield the new aminoglycoside derivative, oxykanamycinC, in a non-aminoglycoside producing heterologous host.     

Optimisation of the secondary ball mill using an on-line ball and pulp load sensor – The Sensomag

The ball load and pulp load have a significant influence on the ball mill product size and production capacity. To improve the circuit performance at industrial scale these variables must be tweaked to levels where the plant can get grind and capacity benefits. In most grinding circuits the influence of these variables are not quantified because it is difficult to obtain precise measurements of the pulp load for an industrial scale mill and the conventional method of obtaining ball load measurements that involves crash stops is not attractive. A comprehensive investigation was performed on an industrial scale mill to quantify the effects of both ball and pulp load. A wide range of ball and pulp loads were tested and the findings are reported in this paper. The Sensomag, a sensor developed by Magotteaux, was used to obtain ball and pulp load measurements during the experimental work.     

Changes in volatile composition during fruit development and ripening of ‘Alphonso’ mango

BACKGROUND: Volatile blends of five developing and five ripening stages of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Alphonso) were investigated along with those of flowers and leaves. Raw and ripe fruits of cv. Sabja were also used for comparison. RESULTS: A total of 55 volatiles belonging to various chemical classes such as aldehydes, alcohols, mono‐ and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, lactones and furanones were identified. In all Alphonso tissues monoterpenes quantitatively dominated, with 57–99% contribution; in particular, (Z)‐ocimene was found in the highest amount. Ripeness was characterized by the de novo appearance of lactones and furanones in the blend of monoterpenes. Sabja was distinguished by the abundance of monoterpene hydrocarbons in the raw fruit, and that of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and their derivatives in the ripe stage. CONCLUSION: Various stages of the Alphonso fruit during transition from flower to ripe fruit are characterized by unique volatile signatures that are distinguished from each other by the qualitative and quantitative appearance of different volatile compounds. Thus volatiles can be highly informative markers while studying the development and ripening of mango. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Iodine‐Mediated Copper‐Catalyzed Efficient α‐C(sp2)‐Thiomethylation of α‐Oxoketene Dithioacetals with Dimethyl Sulfoxide in One Pot

The direct α‐Csp² H functionalization and thiomethylation of α‐oxoketene dithioacetals (DTAs) has been accomplished with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the presence of iodine and a copper(I) salt for the first time. A prerequisite is the in situ iodination of the α‐Csp² atom of dithioacetals that could offer other reaction channels. The operationally simple one‐pot protocol includes region‐defined consecutive iodination and sulfenylation of the challenging α‐Csp² H bond of dithioacetals employing cheap and readily available reagents. DMSO here plays a dual role as thiomethyl source and solvent.