杏酒中有机酸类化合物的RP—HPLC法测定

建立了反相高效液相色谱测定杏酒中有机酸类化合物的方法．以金太阳杏为原料,经液体发酵法精心酿制成的低度杏酒作为检测样品,测定了杏酒中9种有机酸类化合物．采用AgilentC18色谱柱（4．6mm×250mm）分离,流动相2％的甲醇-0．01mol／L（NH4）2HPO4（pH2．8）洗脱,流速1mL／min,检测器波长为210nm,柱温30℃,采用色谱峰保留时间定性,面积外标法定量,并比较了不同杏发酵产品中有机酸的种类和含量,各成分的线性相关系数均大于0．99．方法的回收率大部分都在94％以上,RSD均在3％以下,说明该方法具有快速、分辨率高、重复性好等优点,可用于杏酒中有机酸类化合物的检测．     

Polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacity in pulp and peel of apricot fruits of various varieties and maturity stages at harvest

Polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacities of peel and pulp tissues of six apricot varieties were determined. Variations in polyphenol and antioxidant capacity based on variety (early‐maturing varieties and late‐maturing varieties) and harvest maturity (green mature and full mature) were assessed. The results of principal component analysis revealed that (+)‐catechin made the most important contributions to the antioxidant capacities of the pulp. As the (+)‐catechin content in ‘Dajie’ apricot decreased by 36.8% from green mature to full mature, the antioxidant capacities determined by ABTS free radical scavenging assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay decreased by 50.0%, 45.2% and 45.8%, respectively. Levels of phenolic compounds in the apricot peels were approximately 2–4 times higher than those of the pulps. Quercetin‐3‐rutinoside may be substantially responsible for the antioxidant capacities of the peels. The late‐maturing varieties tended to have higher levels of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacities than the early‐maturing varieties. The antioxidant capacities in green mature apricots were much higher than those of full mature apricots.     

5 种乳酸菌对库车小白杏发酵液理化性质及感官评价的影响

用戊糖片球菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌共5?种乳酸菌发酵库车小白杏，通过比较发酵液在发酵过程中的菌浓度、pH值、总可溶性固形物（total soluble solids，TSS）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性等理化特性及发酵结束后的感官评价，筛选出一种或几种适合发酵库车小白杏发酵液的菌株。结果表明，发酵结束后，戊糖片球菌发酵库车小白杏发酵液的SOD活性达到252.63?U/g，活菌数达到8.07（lg（CFU/mL）），TSS含量降至17.1?°Brix，感官总体评价值最佳达到97%。植物乳杆菌发酵的库车小白杏发酵液的SOD活性达到275.87?U/g，感官总体评价几何平均（geometrical mean，GM）值达到88%。嗜酸乳杆菌发酵的库车小白杏发酵液速度最快，活菌数最终达到9.95（lg（CFU/mL）），TSS含量降至16.6?°Brix，但感官总体评价GM值仅为79%。综上所述，戊糖片球菌是最适合发酵库车小白杏的菌种，而植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的适合度仅次于戊糖片球菌。通过比较5?种乳酸菌发酵的库车小白杏发酵液的理化性质和感官评价，可以得出结论，戊糖片球菌最适合发酵库车小白杏。     

VACUUM OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF FRUITS

ABSTRACT

Vacuum osmotic dehydration leads a special behaviour of mass transfer in fruit-sugar soluion system.Vacuum treatments intensify the capillary flow function and increase water transfer ratio.but have no significant influence on sugar uptake.Fruits such as pineapples which have higher porosity are more suitable to be treated under vacuum during the osmotic dehydration.     

Optimization of Enzymatic Production of Oligopeptides from Apricot Almonds Meal with Neutrase and N120P

Neutrase 0.8L and N120P proteases were used for oligopeptide production from apricot almonds meal, and response surface design was carried out to optimize the effect of hydrolysis conditions on hydrolysis degree (DH) and oligopeptide yield rate. Four independent variables were used to optimize the hydrolysis process: hydrolysis temperature (X(1)), enzyme-to substrate ratio (E/S) (X(2)), substrate concentration (X(3)) and reaction time (X(4)). Statistical analysis indicated that the four variables, quadratic terms of X(1), X(3), and X(4), and the interaction terms with X(1) had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on DH. The yield rate was also significantly affected by the four variables and quadratic terms of X(1), X(2) and X(4). Two mathematical models with high determination coefficient were obtained and could be employed to optimize protein hydrolysis. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined as follows: hydrolysis temperature 52.5 °C; enzyme-to-substrate ratio (E/S) 7200 U/g; substrate concentration 2%; reaction time 173 min. The initial pH 6.5 and Neutrase-to-N120P dosage ratio 2:1 were fixed in this study according to the preliminary research. Under these conditions, the experimental DH and yield rate were 34.10 ± 5.25% and 72.42 ± 2.27%, respectively.     

Thermal Conductivity of Pear, Sweet-cherry, Apricot, and Cherry-plum Juices as a Function of Temperature and Concentration

ABSTRACT:  The thermal conductivity of 4 fruit (pear, sweet-cherry, apricot, and cherry-plum) juices was measured with a coaxial-cylinder (steady-state) technique. Measurements were made, temperature range 20 to 120 °C, at concentrations between 12.2 and 50 °Brix. The uncertainty of the thermal conductivity measurements was estimated to be less than 2%. A semitheoretical method for the prediction of thermal conductivity of juices was proposed. It was found that the prediction Model IV,  λ ( T , x )/λ ( T ₀, x ) = ( T / T ₀) ⁿ   , where  λ  is the thermal conductivity, x is the concentration, and T is the temperature, developed in this work can be adopted with satisfaction. The thermal conductivity of juices can be predicted just by knowing the thermal conductivity  λ₀  at a reference temperature   T ₀  .     

新疆色买提白杏果肉汁饮料的生产工艺研究

小白杏果肉汁饮料,采用新疆色买提白杏鲜食加工兼用品种,通过合理工艺流程和加工设备,制定可行的工艺参数,解决了小白杏加工过程中的原色保留、滋味和纤维木质素的沉降问题,并在不添加任何防腐剂、化学添加剂和稳定剂的情况下,使该产品6个月内不发生褪色、分层。该项目已被新疆兵团科技局批准为“星火推广计划项目”。     

“大接杏”杏汁及其发酵汁挥发性物质的分析研究

采用固相微萃取法(SPME),结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术手段对产自甘肃景泰条山农场的兰州“大接杏”杏汁及其发酵汁的挥发性物质进行了检测分析。分别检索定性出杏汁挥发性物质组分57种,发酵饮料挥发性物质组分50种。经分析比较:杏汁经发酵后损失的挥发性风味物质共42种,其中减少最多的是烃类化合物;新增的挥发性风味物质共35种,其中增加最多的是酯类和醇类化合物;发酵后挥发性风味物质相对含量明显减少的有乙酸己酯、异松油烯、松油醇、十四烷、十二烷,相对含量明显增加的有乙醇、乙酸乙酯,相对含量变化不大的有乙酸戊酯、2,6-二(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲基苯酚等。     

新疆十个主栽杏品种果浆品质及稳定性研究

为从新疆主栽杏品种中选择出适宜加工的优良品种,对杏原浆品质及稳定性进行探讨,选用了库车小白杏等10个新疆地区种植面积较大的主要栽培品种作为试材,分别在杏浆加工完成当天及室温贮存至第5、10、15、20、25、30、35天取样测定了总糖度、总酸度、Vc含量和褐化度(用波长420nm时OD值表示)等与加工性状相关的指标。参试品种35d内所测数据显示:糖含量呈缓慢下降趋势,平均损失率为12.41%;酸含量呈缓慢增加趋势,平均增加了9.35%;Vc含量呈明显下降趋势,平均损失率是80.76%,且下降趋势随时间的推移逐渐放缓;OD值呈缓慢上升的趋势,OD值平均增加了6.73%。通过聚类分析可将参试杏品种分成3类,其中第2类(大果胡安娜、阿哥亚格勒克、脆佳娜丽)平均糖含量最低为8.40%,平均含酸量最高0.912%,Vc平均含量最高0.427mg/100g,OD平均值最小0.319,是最适宜的杏浆加工品种。     

杏汁饮料的工艺配方及稳定性研究

以新鲜杏肉为主要原料设计了混浊型果汁饮料的加工工艺,采用正交实验设计方案,以感官风味作为评价指标,优选出杏汁、蔗糖和柠檬酸的最佳复配比为：14％杏汁＋8％蔗糖＋0．08％柠檬酸,并确定复合稳定剂的最佳组合为：0．10％果胶＋0．15％CMC＋0．10％黄原胶。