荧光PCR和数字PCR法检测转基因DAS-44406-6品系大豆

目的：建立实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测转基因DAS-44406-6品系大豆的定性检测方法和使用数字PCR检测转基因DAS-44406-6品系大豆的定量检测方法。方法：针对转基因DAS-44406-6大豆品系,进行5’-RACE,测定该品系转基因大豆外源片段与大豆染色体重组的边界序列,并根据该边界序列设计引物和探针。使用23 种非DAS-44406-6品系转基因植物作为阴性对照测试实时荧光PCR引物和探针的特异性,以DAS-44406-6品系样品制备6 个含量梯度的样品进行检测低限实验。使用数字PCR技术进行定量检测,并确定定量检测的低限。结果：建立的转基因DAS-44406-6大豆品系的实时荧光PCR特异性检测方法品系鉴定特异性较强,实时荧光PCR检测方法的检测低限在模板DNA浓度为100 ng/反应时,为0.01%的转基因大豆含量,约为16.6 个拷贝的DAS-44406-6基因组DNA;数字PCR检测方法的检测低限在模板DNA浓度为0.5 ng/反应、转基因大豆含量为1%时,相对标准偏差为0.7%。因此,建立的转基因DAS-44406-6大豆品系实时荧光PCR和数字PCR特异性检测方法符合转基因检测的要求。     

基于双重微滴式数字PCR对转基因油菜RF1品系的定量方法

基于微滴式数字PCR平台,建立了一种在同一个微滴反应体系中同时检测油菜样品中两种靶标序列的双重微滴式数字PCR(duplex-ddPCR)定量分析方法。试验结果表明,内参基因和品系特异性基因均能特异性扩增出来,所建立的RF1品系duplex-ddPCR方法特异性好。在单位体系内参和外源基因拷贝数位于18~23077的区间内可以呈现出良好的线性,r2=0.999。经验证,本方法的定量检测限(LOQ)和最低检测限(LOD)分别为18拷贝/反应和3.7拷贝/反应。精密度试验结果表明两组浓度的DNA样品所得到的平行试验结果的标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSD)介于8.40%~24.50%,准确度试验结果显示标准偏差RSD值介于5.97%~12.64%,均达到了对方法精密度RSD和准确度RSD小于25%的要求。综上所述,本研究所建立的duplex-ddPCR定量分析方法可用于转基因油菜RF1的定量检测。     

红薯源性成分微滴式数字PCR的检测与定量分析

本文根据红薯单拷贝物种基因β-淀粉酶基因(Ipomoea batatas beta-amylase gene,β-AMY)特异性片段设计引物组和探针,建立了红薯成分特异性定量检测的微滴数字PCR检测方法及β-AMY基因拷贝数浓度(copy number/μL)与红薯质量(mg)的线性关系,并对方法的特异性、灵敏度和适应性均进行了测试。结果显示建立的红薯成分数字PCR检测方法特异于红薯成分检测,在20μL反应体系中定量下限(limit of quantitation,LOQ)和检测下限(limit of detection,LOD)分别为2.53 copies/μL和0.67 copies/μL。根据建立的拷贝数浓度(copy number/μL)与红薯质量(mg)的线性关系,对红薯质量百分比为5%和25%的样本进行定量检测,检测结果经换算得到的红薯含量分别为4.15%和21.33%,回收率分别为83.06%和85.31%,RSD值在6.33%～6.95%之间,表明本方法可对质量百分比为5%及以上的红薯成分进行准确定量,在定量检测方面具有较大应用潜力,可为市场监管提供了技术支持。     

转基因大米TT51-1品系精准定量检测方法的比较研究

基于大米蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)基因和TT51-1品系特异性基因序列筛选适用于数字PCR的内、外源基因特异性引物探针并建立转基因大米TT51-1品系的双重数字PCR定量方法。其定量的绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度分别达2 copies/μL和0.1%。当样品中TT51-1转基因大米成分含量低至0.1%时,6次定量值的相对标准偏差在7.30%~18.63%之间,偏差在-8.77%~9.62%之间,精密度和稳定性均较为理想,而同样的引物探针所建立的实时荧光PCR方法定量的相对灵敏度仅达到1%。为促进该方法的标准化应用,将微滴式数字PCR平台上建立的定量方法在芯片式数字PCR平台上进行室内验证,结果表明该方法的定量精密度和准确性符合要求。该方法可应用于大米、稻谷及其初加工产品中TT51-1转基因大米成分的精准定量检测。     

食品和饲料中鹅源性成分微滴式数字PCR检测与定量分析

本研究利用微滴式数字PCR(droplet digital polymerase chain reaction,dd PCR)技术对食品和饲料中鹅源性成分进行检测与精确定量。选取鹅的单拷贝核基因作为靶基因,建立了鹅源性成分靶基因拷贝数与样品质量之间的线性关系;选取21种常见动物物种及鹅的9个品系对所设计的引物及探针的种间特异性和种内保守性进行了验证,并对该方法的检测下限(limit of detection,LOD)和定量检测下限(limit of quantification,LOQ)进行了验证,利用已知鹅源性成分含量的样品和市售商品对该方法的准确性和适用性分别进行了验证。结果表明,所设计的引物及探针具有良好的种间特异性和种内保守性,该定量检测方法的检测下限和定量检测下限分别为1 copy/μL和5 copies/μL,且该方法具有良好的准确性和适用性,可用于对食品和饲料中鹅源性成分进行检测和精确定量。     

微滴式数字PCR定量检测转基因玉米品系VCO-01981-5

建立基于QX100微滴式数字聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)平台的我国未批准转基因玉米品系VCO-01981-5的二重微滴式数字PCR定量检测方法。该方法选择基因组中单拷贝的玉米内源基因hmg和VCO-01981-5品系边界序列为定量靶序列,分别设计不同的PCR扩增引物和TaqMan探针,并对两种探针用不同的荧光进行标记,然后将上述探针和引物置于同一个PCR反应体系中以同时定量两个靶标序列。特异性实验结果显示该法只有VCO-01981-5品系的两个靶序列才都有扩增信号。灵敏度、线性和准确性实验结果显示在定量结果相对标准偏差不大于25%时,最低可稳定定量5个拷贝的VCO-01981-5品系特异性序列分子和4个拷贝的内源基因hmg分子;而在高达50 ng模板DNA以下范围内,PCR反应模板量与测定样品拷贝数之间呈高度正相关,相关系数达0.99以上;平均误差小于10%。结果表明本研究建立的该玉米品系定量方法特异性强,稳定性好,精确性、准确性以及灵敏度高,定量范围广,可用于进、出口农产品和食品中该转基因玉米品系成分的定量检测。此外,该法还可为其他转基因玉米品系及其他转基因作物品系建立类似定量检测方法提供参考。     

转基因甜菜GTSB77品系特异性实时荧光聚合酶链式反应检测方法建立

目的 为实现转基因甜菜GTSB77的标识管理,建立其品系特异性实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测方法。方法 针对GTSB77的3′端外源插入片段与甜菜基因组DNA之间的邻接区序列设计引物和探针,建立GTSB77品系特异性实时荧光PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行检测。结果 建立的GTSB77检测方法特异性强,定量限(LOQ)为16拷贝,扩增效率为102%,重复性测试结果相对标准偏差(RSD)介于0.21%～1.66%之间。结论 建立的实时荧光PCR方法可应用于GTSB77的鉴定检测。     

转基因大豆MON89788双重数字PCR通用定量检测方法的建立

建立一种特异、稳定、灵敏、通用的转基因大豆MON89788品系双重数字聚合酶链式反应（digital polymerase chain reaction,dPCR）定量检测方法,在一个体系内同时进行内外源基因的定量检测,适用于微滴式数字PCR（droplet digital PCR,ddPCR）和芯片式数字PCR（chip digital PCR,cdPCR）平台,并通过了食品分析能力评价体系国际能力验证项目的盲样检测评价。ddPCR平台对大豆MON89788品系和内源Lectin的绝对定量限分别为8.0copies/μL和8.2copies/μL;cdPCR平台对大豆MON89788品系和内源Lectin的绝对定量限分别为7.443copies/μL和7.646copies/μL;ddPCR和cdPCR对转基因大豆MON89788品系成分相对含量的相对定量限均为0.1%。     

转基因"华番一号"番茄的筛选和特异性的定性、定量PCR检测方法

为给转基因植物监测提供技术支持，建立了转基因“华番一号”番茄筛选和特异性的定性、定量PCR检测方法。转基因“华番一号”的筛选PCR检测主要以转基因通用元件CaMV35S启动子和NOS终止子为目的基因片段，特异性PCR检测以转基因外源重组子的CaMV35S启动子和反义EFE基因的相邻序列为目的片段；实验同时设立番茄的LAT52基因为转基因番茄定性、定量PCR检测的内对照基因。在所建立的PCR检测体系中，定性PCR筛选和特异性检测的检测极限为68个拷贝，实时定量PCR方法的检测极限为3个拷贝；筛选定量．PCR检测的定量极限为3个拷贝，特异性定量PCR检测的定量极限为25个拷贝。最后通过对2个已知含量的转基因番茄“华番一号”混合试样的检测，证明了该体系可以有效地用于转基因番茄“华番一号”的筛选和特异性的定性、定量PCR检测。     

转基因苜蓿草J101品系特异性定性PCR检测 方法的建立

目的建立转基因苜蓿草J101品系特异性定性PCR检测方法。方法根据转基因苜蓿草品系J101 5’端外源插入片段与苜蓿草基因组DNA之间的邻接区序列设计引物,建立了转基因苜蓿草J101品系特异性定性PCR检测方法,并对本方法的特异性、灵敏度进行了测定。结果建立的检测方法特异于转基因苜蓿草J101检测,检测最低DNA浓度为(1imit of detection,LOD)为80 pg,相当于50拷贝转基因苜蓿草J101基因组DNA。结论本研究建立的转基因苜蓿草J101品系特异性定性PCR检测方法特异性好,灵敏度高,能够快速、准确地对转基因苜蓿草J101进行检测分析。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.