黄酒多肽的多级分离纯化及其对小鼠巨噬细胞免疫调节的影响

本研究以黄酒为原料,通过大孔树脂吸附、凝胶色谱等方法多级分离纯化黄酒中活性肽组分,并探究各级分离肽组分对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7免疫调节作用的影响。通过脂多糖LPS(1 μg/mL)刺激RAW264.7细胞建立体外炎症模型,以不同浓度的各级分离纯化的黄酒多肽样品进行干预,对NO释放抑制率最高的黄酒多肽组分进行结构分析。结果表明,可通过大孔树脂初步分离纯化黄酒活性多肽。对3种不同型号大孔树脂的吸附解析性能进行比较,最终选择DA201-C大孔吸附树脂富集黄酒多肽,收集洗脱液旋蒸冻干后获得黄酒多肽SJ组分。采用MTT法检测细胞活力,黄酒多肽SJ作用RAW264.7细胞的安全范围为≤2.5 mg/mL。采用Griess Reagent法检测细胞培养液中一氧化氮(NO)含量,与LPS模型组相比,黄酒多肽SJ浓度为0.3、0.6、1.2、2.5 mg/mL时能明显抑制NO释放(抑制率分别为20.85%、36.42%、68.58%、95.01%)。黄酒多肽SJ经Sephadex G-15凝胶色谱柱分离得到3个组分即G₁、G₂、G₃,分别收集这三组洗脱峰并测定其对RAW264.7细胞NO分泌量的影响。研究发现G₁组分活性高于其他2种组分,G₁、G₂、G₃的NO释放半抑制浓度分别是0.68、0.86、0.75 mg/mL。对G₁组分进行氨基酸组成分析得知其疏水氨基酸占比32.63%,必需氨基酸占比28.46%。研究结果证明黄酒多肽能显著抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7分泌NO,对LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞炎症具有保护作用,从而促使巨噬细胞发挥免疫作用。     

大米肽中压离子交换色谱分离及其免疫活性评价

为进一步提高经过DA201-C型大孔吸附树脂脱盐、40%乙醇梯度洗脱的大米免疫活性肽RPHs-A3组分的纯度和免疫活性,采用中压离子交换色谱对其进行进一步分离纯化,并对分离得到组分的免疫活性进行了评价。结果表明,采用WorkBeads 40Q强阴离子交换树脂、2.6cm×40cm色谱柱对RPHs-A3组分进行分离的最佳条件为:上样浓度30mg/mL,上样量5 mL,起始缓冲液A为pH 9.0的0.01mol/L Tris-HCl,洗脱缓冲液B为含1 mol/L NaCl的pH 9.0、0.01 mol/L Tris-HCl,上样、洗脱流速分别为1,10mL/min。共收集到5个组分,其中RPHs-A3-B3组分在MTT试验和小鼠巨噬细胞脂多糖(LPS)炎症模型中皆表现出较高免疫活性,对RAW264.7细胞具有显著增殖作用,其SI值为1.315;且对炎症模型中细胞内NO释放量具有显著抑制作用(P0.05),抑制率为8.28%。采用中压离子交换色谱能有效地对RPHs-A3组分进行分离纯化,使SI值从1.273提高到1.315,且对细胞内NO释放量具有显著抑制作用。     

三种菊科植物抗癌抗炎组分分离与功能研究

本研究以甜叶菊、蒲公英、野菊花三种菊科植物为材料,采用水、乙醇/乙酸乙酯、甲醇和正己烷4种溶剂提取,硅胶柱层析、TLC分离纯化,以小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1c1c7和小鼠巨噬细胞Raw 264.7为模型,通过测定醌还原酶活性和一氧化氮抑制率,筛选具有抗癌和抗炎的活性组分。结果:甜叶菊、蒲公英、野菊花的乙醇/乙酸乙酯提取物经分离纯化后得到最强活性组分,其诱导醌还原酶倍增的浓度分别为0.26-1.59μg/mL、0.45-3.73μg/mL和0.60-0.92μg/mL;甜叶菊、蒲公英组分一氧化氮抑制率达到50%的浓度分别为14.02-19.04μg/mL、48.90-86.05μg/mL。这一研究结果为深入开展菊科植物抗癌抗炎功能成分的分离鉴定及其作用机理打下了前期研究基础。     

微生物源溶菌酶的抑菌及抗炎活性

为研究微生物源溶菌酶对14 种供试菌的体外抑菌活性及对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7 细胞炎症的抑制作用,该文采用二倍稀释法测定微生物源溶菌酶对供试菌的最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）,评价其体外抑菌活性,通过构建LPS 诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7 炎症模型,以细胞中一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）的分泌量为指标,评价微生物源溶菌酶的抗炎活性。结果表明,微生物源溶菌酶对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌、耐热芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、酪丁酸梭菌、产黄青霉、黑曲霉和根霉11 种菌均表现出良好的抑菌效果,具有较强的广谱抑菌性;在试验浓度范围内,对保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳亚种3 种益生菌无抑制效果,反而具有生长促进效果。微生物源溶菌酶对LPS 诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7 炎症模型表现出明显的抗炎作用,可显著降低NO 及TNF-α 的分泌,且与微生物源溶菌酶的作用浓度呈正相关。在试验浓度范围内,与模型组相比NO 分泌量最高可降低57.92%,TNF-α 分泌量最高可降低36.75%。微生物源溶菌酶具有良好的抑菌和抗炎活性,为其作为食品添加剂在抑制腐败菌生长、促进益生菌增殖等方面应用提供了理论基础。     

毛蕊花糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7免疫调节作用的研究

目的：明确毛蕊花糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7免疫功能的调节作用。方法：分别以质量浓度25、50、100、200、400μg/mL的毛蕊花糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞进行培养,以10μg/mL的脂多糖(LPS)为阳性对照组、不加任何样品的培养基为空白对照组。通过噻唑蓝(MTT)实验、吞噬中性红实验、NO释放量测定及酶联免疫吸附法测定细胞因子(IL-6、IL-1β、IFN-α、IFN-γ)的分泌量,评价毛蕊花糖的免疫调节作用。结果：质量浓度为25～400μg/mL的毛蕊花糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7作用24h后,可显著提高巨噬细胞的增殖活性、吞噬活性、NO释放量以及细胞因子的分泌水平,并且毛蕊花糖溶液质量浓度为200μg/mL时效果最好。结论：毛蕊花糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞系RAW264.7具有免疫调节活性,是一种良好的免疫增强剂。     

血红素氧合酶-1介导海参蛋白肽对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的抑制作用

为研究海参蛋白肽对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的抑制作用及作用机制,本研究利用LPS刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立炎症模型,采用Griess法测定细胞一氧化氮(NO)含量,实时荧光定量PCR测定细胞内诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)以及血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)m RNA表达。结果表明,海参蛋白肽以浓度依赖效应显著抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞NO生成以及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和i NOS m RNA表达(p0.05),显著提高细胞内HO-1 m RNA表达(p0.05)。HO-1抑制剂锌原卟啉Ⅸ(Zn PP-Ⅸ)部分逆转海参蛋白肽对LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的抑制作用。具有抗炎活性的海参蛋白肽富含甘氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸,分子量180~1000 u的组分为72.12%。这些结果说明海参蛋白肽通过上调细胞HO-1 m RNA表达发挥抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的作用。     

大粒车前子多糖对脂多糖刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用

采用脂多糖构建RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型,研究大粒车前子多糖的抗炎作用。培养巨噬细胞RAW264.7,利用脂多糖构建细胞炎症模型,中性红吞噬实验检测细胞吞噬活性;酶联免疫吸附法检测车前子精制多糖（Plantago asiatica L. crude polysaccharide,PLCP）处理前后细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosisfactor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-10（interleukin-10,IL-10）和IL-6的分泌量,Griess反应测定RAW264.7细胞释放NO水平。结果表明,PLCP可显著抑制RAW264.7炎症细胞的吞噬活性,降低炎症细胞因子TNF-α、IL-10和IL-6的分泌量及NO的释放量。     

高核苷酸酵母水解物对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞免疫调节的影响

为探讨高核苷酸酵母水解物对RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞免疫活性调节及其相关作用机制,采用脂多糖(1μg/mL)刺激RAW264.7细胞来建立体外细胞炎症模型,以不同质量浓度的高核苷酸酵母水解物干预来明确其抗炎效果。ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量,RT-PCR法检测相关mRNA表达水平,Western blot法检测细胞iNOS及胞核内核转录因子NF-κBp65蛋白水平。结果表明:高核苷酸酵母水解物作用RAW264.7细胞的安全范围≤150μg/mL。与LPS模型组相比,质量浓度60～150μg/mL的高核苷酸酵母水解物能显著增强RAW264.7吞噬能力,高核苷酸酵母水解物(60～150μg/mL)能有效抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞释放NO、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6炎症因子及相关mRNA表达,降低iNOS及NF-κB蛋白水平。研究结果证实了高核苷酸酵母水解物对LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞炎症的保护作用,作用机制与NF-κB通路有关,为食疗干预慢性病提供一定的理论依据。     

阿里红多糖组分对RAW264.7巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

目的研究阿里红多糖(Fomes Officinals polysaccharide,FOPS)及其组分FOPS-a、FOPS-b对RAW264.7巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。方法以小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞为研究对象,不同浓度(50~1600μg/m L)FOPS、FOPS-a、FOPS-b干预后,用cck-8试剂盒测定细胞活力,中性红法测定其吞噬活性,NO试剂盒测定NO的含量,ELISA试剂盒测定TNF-α和IL-1β释放能力。结果 FOPS、FOPS-a、FOPS-b在一定的浓度范围内可以提高RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖活性、吞噬活性、一氧化氮以及TNF-α、IL-1β的释放量。结论 FOPS、FOPS-a、FOPS-b一定浓度范围内具有良好的增强RAW264.7巨噬细胞免疫功能的作用。     

桑葚提取物体外抗炎作用及机制的研究

本文采用脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW264.7,建立细胞体外的炎症模型,研究桑葚提取物对LPS诱导巨噬细胞RAW264.7分泌功能的影响及其作用机制。实验用1μg/mL LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞,在不同浓度样品的干预下,用MTT法检测不同浓度的样品对RAW264.7细胞的作用;用Griess法检测细胞液中NO的含量;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞液中PGE2含量;用免疫印迹法(Western Blot)和RT-PCR法检测桑葚提取物对细胞iNOS和COX-2表达的影响;用HPLC法检测桑葚提取物中白藜芦醇的含量。结果表明桑葚提取物浓度在0.5~2 mg/mL范围内对细胞生长无明显影响;在1~2 mg/mL范围内能有效抑制NO和PGE2的分泌并能有效抑制iNOS和COX-2的表达;桑葚提取物中白藜芦醇的含量为107.44±0.48μg/g。这表明桑葚提取物抑制炎症相关因子表达量,从而减弱促炎症反应,发挥抗炎功效,其抗炎活性可能与桑葚中含有较高的白藜芦醇相关。     

驴乳的营养成分及其保健作用的研究进展

驴乳作为营养品广泛使用已有数千年的历史,因其含有多种营养成分和生物活性,是婴幼儿、老年及体弱者补充营养物质的重要来源。该文综述驴乳的营养成分和抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗过敏等保健作用,以期为驴乳产业提供新的方向和理论支持。     

The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal simulation on bioactivities of kefir

Kefir is a fermented milk beverage and known to have positive effects on gut microbial diversity and human health. In this study, digested and undigested kefir samples were compared for changes in their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed that the amount of total phenolic substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activity, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) activity increased from 43.76 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L, 4.20 ± 0.55%, and 9.91 ± 3.90% in undigested kefir to 668.16 ± 3.332 mg GAE/L, 63.06 ± 0.64%, and 98.88 ± 0.42% in digested kefir, respectively. While the dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory (DPPIV-I) activity of undigested kefir increased by 19.11 ± 7.35% after digestion, the optical density of the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased from 1.188 ± 0.05 to 0.278 ± 0.009, and the protein amount decreased from 101.4 mg L⁻¹ to 12.42 mg L⁻¹ in digested kefir. No antimicrobial effect was observed in undigested kefir, whereas, digested kefir samples were active, but only against Escherichia coli. These results show that the gastrointestinal digestion processes of kefir generally increase the number of bioactive molecules, and the digestion process must be taken into account to determine the biological capability of foods.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

Cladonia lichens and their major metabolites as possible natural antioxidant,antimicrobial and anticancer agents

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of the acetone extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Cladonia pyxidata and Cladonia rangiferina and their atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. As a result of the study atranorin had largest free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values 131.48 μg/mL. Moreover, the tested samples had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was fumarprotocetraric acid with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.031 to 0.125 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All samples were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.97 to 41.23 μg/mL.     

Biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in a sugar–amino acid model system

The various biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from sugar (fructose and glucose) and 20 amino acid model systems were evaluated. Colour development, in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antihypertensive, and antiproliferative activities of aqueous solutions of MRPs produced by heating at 130 °C for 2 h were measured. The fructose–amino acid mixture showed higher UV-absorbance and browning intensity than the glucose–amino acid mixture. The fructose–amino acid model MRPs showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ACE inhibitory activities than the glucose–amino acid model MRPs. The α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of MRPs derived from fructose– and glucose–tyrosine showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of other MRPs. Sugar–amino acid model MRPs inhibited the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cell in a dose-dependent manner (from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml). Glucose MRPs showed slightly higher antiproliferative activity than fructose MRPs. In particular, sugar–tryptophan and –tyrosine MRPs exerted higher biological activities than the other MRPs.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

浏阳豆豉发酵中高产酶活菌株的分离鉴定及酶活性分析

从浏阳豆豉发酵过程中分离产高酶活菌株,通过形态观察结合分子生物学技术进行鉴定,并对其产蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性进行分析。结果表明,分离得到3株菌（编号为000、5132、621）均被鉴定为溜曲霉菌（Aspergillus tamarri）。3株菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性测定结果表明,菌株621蛋白酶活性最强,为（207.98±3.20）U/mL;菌株5132的纤维素酶活性最强,为（3.40±1.40）U/mL;菌株000的脂肪酶活性最高,为（90.7±0.64）U/mL。     

红参浓缩液对小鼠的抗氧化、免疫调节及降血糖作用

该研究通过建立衰老小鼠模型和II型糖尿病小鼠模型,对比不同剂量的红参浓缩液对小鼠体内抗氧化、免疫及降血糖活性影响。实验发现：与模型组相比,红参浓缩液给药组显著降低丙二醛含量（MDA）、空腹血糖（FBG）和口服葡萄糖耐量（OGTT）血糖曲线下面积（AUC）并且显著提高羟自由基清除率（•OH）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力和免疫球蛋白G（Ig G）、免疫球蛋白M（Ig M）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）含量（P<0.05）,明显改善脾脏损害。以上结果表明一定浓度的红参浓缩液可以延缓衰老、提高衰老模型小鼠的免疫力,增强II型糖尿病模型小鼠的葡萄糖耐受力,具有降血糖的效果。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis from several regions of Korea

Biological activities of different propolis extracts in Korea were examined for the evaluation of quality comparison with that from Brazil (BZ). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of propolis extracts from Yeosu (YS) and Cheorwon (CW), whose values were higher than BZ, were also shown to be more aboudant. The extracts of YS and CW also showed strong antioxidant activities, using the linoleic acid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity. However, the extract from BZ had less active antioxidant activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of less than 70% than other extracts. The DPPH free radical-scavenging activity seems to relate with the antioxidant activity of linoleic acid peroxidation. The propolis with antioxidant activity also had DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. The extracts of YS and CW had effective antimicrobial activities on Staphilococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Strong antioxidant, radical-scavenging and antimicrobial activities of YS and CW seemed to relate with high values, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents.