嵌入式下公共场所暴力行为视觉检测方法的研究与应用

根据暴力行为发生时往往存在肢体冲突,并伴随着身体全身或局部部位出现较剧烈运动的特点,本文提出了一种基于运动图像的公共场所暴力行为自动识别方法,并能够移植到嵌入式设备中以便于分布式智能监控。首先,采用Lucas-Kanade(LK)光流法获得相邻两帧监控图像间的光流场,通过光流分析法确定各个运动目标的运动状态,并提取它们的光流特征值、光流速度和方向;其次,对各个运动目标的光流特征值、光流速度与方向进行统计分析,以掌握各个运动目标的运动趋势;最后,结合光流场变化情况及运动目标聚集状态判断是否存在暴力行为。实验结果表明,该嵌入式系统识别准确性好、实时性强、可靠性高。     

基于多重网格法的变分光流计算

光流是计算机视觉的重要组成部分,光流法是运动图像序列分析的重要方法,在许多应用中需要精确的估计,而基于变分的光流计算则能满足上述要求.提出一种新的变分模型,并将多重网格法运用于模型的计算,以最快速度求解线性方程组,近乎实时地得到图像序列的光流场.实验表明该方法是有效的.     

基于拉格朗日场的多级运动特征暴力行为识别

针对暴力行为识别过程中缺乏描述不同时间尺度下暴力行为运动变化的问题,本文提出了一种基于拉格朗日场的多级运动特征暴力行为识别算法。该算法将描述非线性粒子运动的拉格朗日场引入暴力行为分析过程中,首先通过构建基于光流的拉格朗日场来挖掘不同时间尺度下暴力行为运动特征,设计了基于拉格朗日场的多级运动模块,该模块可以根据输入光流序列长度,计算多级运动特征;然后构建了基于流量门控制机制的双流网络,将多级运动特征和RGB图像特征融合;最后,利用LSTM和全连接模型计算识别结果。实验证明,该方法在公共暴力识别数据集上取得了很好的效果,特别是在真实监控场景的RWF-2000数据集上,暴力行为识别正确识别率可以达到88.4%,优于其他算法。      

基于帧间差分和金字塔LK光流法的运动目标检测

针对用于运动目标检测的光流算法存在处理复杂、计算量大等问题,提出一种帧间差分算法和金字塔LK光流法相结合的运动目标检测方案.该方法先对视频图像进行帧间差分处理,得到图像的运动区域,再对该运动区域进行金字塔LK光流计算,减少了计算区域,提高目标检测的速度.最后在搭建的视觉避障平台上使用LabVIEW语言进行算法程序验证,实验结果证明了算法的有效性.     

基于LK光流法的微流控芯片中流体速度检测

为促进微流控技术相关领域的发展,针对目前微流控技术不能有效地检测流体在微通道的运动状态地问题,提出了一种基于LK光流法的检测技术,能有效地检测微流控芯片中流体的细微运动。实现过程为:通过在实时视频序列中捕获所需要的图像帧,选择ROI区域并对图像进行灰度化及高斯滤波平滑,然后划分网格使用LK光流法计算光流场,通过阈值分割筛选掉独立的光流矢量,最后将所剩的光流矢量转换为行列两个实值图像并求解出其像素距离,结合图像帧之间的时间差求出目标的运动速度。实验结果表明:像素速度标准差σ<1,具有可重复性;该方法能实时跟踪运动的液体,精度高、效率高,是一种非常可靠的检测方法。     

红外图像的光流计算

图像光流的计算不需要在图像序列中建立特征之间的对应关系，因此光流法在计算机视觉的众多领域，包括运动物体的参数估计和目标跟踪方面都有广泛的应用，由于红外图像的噪声相对较大，光流法很少用于红外图像中目标的运动参数估计和跟踪，这里，使用几种常用的光流计算方法对部分实际红外图像进行了光流场计算。结果表明，当选择合适的方法或计算方法进行一定的改进时，这些红外图像可以得到比较接近实际情况的目标光流场，进而应用于红外图像中的目标分割，运动状态分析与目标跟踪等领域。     

基于隔帧差分区域光流法的运动目标检测

结合运动目标检测帧差法运算速度快和光流法动目标检测准确度高的特点,提出了一种基于隔帧差分区域光流计算的运动目标检测方法.该方法通过隔帧帧差方法先提取运动区域,然后只对运动区域进行光流计算,减少了计算区域,提高了速度;在光流场计算时,对梯度较大和较小的点处,分别采用基本等式约束和光滑准则约束的方法,提高了动目标检测的准确性,另外在光流迭代运算中增加惯性项,减少了迭代次数,进一步提高了检测速度.实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于光流方程和目标匹配的视频图像目标跟踪方法

提出一种利用图像差分、局部光流法和目标匹配,实现视频对象目标提取和跟踪的方法.首先,对预处理后的图像进行差分;在差分的基础上,运用局部光流场对目标进行运动估计;对估计结果依据相似度进行聚类分析,消除小的非目标区域;当目标未发生剧烈变化时,更新目标模板,否则,利用已有目标模板进行匹配跟踪.实验结果验证了该算法的有效性,并实现了目标变形和部分遮挡时的稳定跟踪.     

基于图像局部结构的区域匹配变分光流算法

针对变分光流算法的计算精度与鲁棒性问题,提出一种基于图像局部结构的区域匹配变分光流算法.光流估计能量泛函的数据项采用图像结构守恒与灰度守恒相结合,并引入规则化非平方惩罚函数,保证了光流估计的精度与鲁棒性;平滑项采用随图像局部结构自适应变化的扩散策略结合区域匹配约束函数能够有效地保护运动物体或场景的边缘轮廓信息;在光流计算过程中引入金字塔分层细化策略克服图像序列中大位移运动引起的像素点漂移现象,并采用数学方法证明光流估计模型的鲁棒性和收敛性.多组实验表明,本文方法在图像中存在剧烈光照变化、非刚性物体复杂运动以及多目标大位移运动等情况下具有较高的计算精度、较好的鲁棒性.     

非刚性稠密匹配大位移运动光流估计

光流场是目标检测,无人机定位等众多计算机视觉任务的重要基础.本文针对非刚性大位移运动等困难运动类型图像序列光流计算的准确性与鲁棒性问题,提出一种基于非刚性稠密匹配的TV-L1（Total Variational with L1 norm,TV-L1）大位移光流计算方法.首先,使用非刚性稠密块匹配计算图像序列初始最近邻域场,其次根据图像相邻块区域的相似性消除初始最近邻域场中的非一致性区域以得到准确的图像最近邻域场.然后,在图像金字塔分层计算框架下,将图像最近邻域场引入基于非局部约束的TV-L1光流估计模型,通过Quadratic Pseudo-Boolean Optimization（QPBO）融合算法在金字塔分层图像光流计算时对TV-L1模型光流估计进行大位移运动补偿.最后,采用标准测试图像序列对本文方法和当前代表性的变分方法LDOF（Large Displacement Optical Flow,LDOF）、Classic+NL、NNF（Nearest Neighbor Fields,NNF）以及深度学习方法FlowNet2.0进行对比分析.实验结果表明,本文方法能有效提高非刚性运动、大位移运动以及运动遮挡等困难运动类型光流估计的精度与鲁棒性.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.