LaNi_（3.8）Co_（1.1）Mn_（0.1）/TiMn_（1.5）贮氢合金的结构和性能

为了探索一种新的掺杂方式对AB5型贮氢合金贮氢性能的影响,采用熔炼掺杂方法制备La-Ni3.8Co1.1Mn0.1/TiMn1.5（TiMn1.5质量分数为4%、8%）贮氢合金,利用PCTPro-2000气体吸附测量仪研究了合金的气态储氢性能。XRD和SEM分析显示,熔炼掺杂后合金主相为LaNi5相,出现少量（NiCo）3Ti相。P-C-T测试结果表明,（NiCo）3Ti相的出现对合金气态贮氢性能有较大影响,熔炼掺杂后合金吸放氢平台压和滞后效应降低,贮氢容量减少。掺杂TiMn1.5使得合金的氢化物的生成焓由原始合金的-27.35kJ/mol降至-29.14kJ/mol（掺杂质量分数8%的TiMn1.5）,较高温度有利于合金中氢的释放,同时掺杂形成的（NiCo）3Ti相改善了合金吸/放氢动力学性能。     

近α型Ti600合金吸氢热力学的研究

根据钛合金吸氢的热力学性质,通过管式氢处理炉,在不同的温度条件下利用连续多步吸氢法进行Ti600合金的吸氢热力学试验,建立不同温度条件下的PCT热力学曲线。研究结果表明:Ti600合金吸氢的平衡氢压随氢含量和温度的增加而增加,在较低温度下,PCT曲线存在一个很短的平台;当吸入Ti600合金中的氢超过其溶解度时,生成氢化物相,氢在氢化物相中的溶解度与其平衡氢压满足Sieverts’定律;根据Van’t Hoff定律,近α型的Ti600合金中α_H→氢化物相变的焓变和熵变分别为-55.99 kJ/mol和-131.585 J/(K·mol)。       

Hydrogen-induced cracking and its anisotropy of a PZT ferroelectric ceramics

The physical properties of ceramics will be degraded by charging and restored by outgassing at 650℃[1,2]. This means that atomic hydrogen can enter into ceramics through diffusion during charging. The electrical properties of the integrated PZT capacitors will be deteriorated by an-nealing in low pressure hydrogen, and the inter-layer dielectric or top electrode adhesion will be destroyed in high pressure hydrogen[3]. For an aluminum ceramics, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) or delayed fail…     

Electrochemical properties and structure of MlNi_(5-x)Sn_x system

The electrochemical properties and structure of M1Ni5-xSnx(x=0-0.5) hydrogen storage alloys were investigated by pressure-composition isotherms, electrochemical measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic parameters. With a small amount of tin substitution, the cycle life increases by 52% (0.5C) and 42% (1.0C), but maximum discharge capacity decreases only by 3.0% and 3.5%, respectively. The cycle life is obviously improved by the low volume expansion and the formed SnO2 surface layers upon electrochemical cycling. The substitution of Ni by Sn leads to an increase of the unit cell volume and charge-discharge cycle life and decrease of the plateau pressure, hysteresis and the hydrogen storage capacity. The standard enthalpy of hydride formation decreases with increasing tin substitution. The main factor that influences the standard enthalpy of the hydriding reaction is the number of the outer orbit electrons and not the atomic size factor.     

Fabrication of in situ Ti2AlN/TiAl composites by reaction hot pressing and their properties

Ti2AIN/TiAI composites with different volume fractions of reinforcement were successfully fabricated by hot-pressing sintering method （reaction hot pressing） using Ti, Al and TiN powders as starting materials. The synthesis process includes four stages： first, the reactions between Al and Ti powers and between Al and TiN powders respectively occur and result in TiAl3 phase; secondly, AI powders in the sample are exhausted; the remaining Ti cores react with TiAl3 layer to form Ti-Al intermetallics; moreover, a few Ti2AlN particles precipitate from the TiAl3 phase; thirdly, Ti-Al intermetallics react with the remaining Ti cores to form Ti3Al and TiAl phases. TiAl phase and original TiN powers are in direct contact each other; finally, the residual TiN powers react with TiAl phase and result in a plenty of TizAIN phase. Compared with TiAl matrix, the hardness, elastic modulus and high-temperature compressive strength of Ti2AlN/TiAl composite are improved obviously and they are all enhanced with increasing the volume fraction of Ti2AlN phase.     

碳纤维和尼龙纤维对TiAl合金型壳退让性的影响

为了改善TiAl合金精密铸造用氧化锆陶瓷型壳的退让性,利用电子万能试验机和扫描电子显微镜对添加不同含量碳纤维和尼龙纤维后的型壳退让性进行了测试.结果表明,添加少量碳纤维可以提高型壳湿强度并降低型壳室温和高温干强度,但当所添加碳纤维的质量分数达到10%后,会同时提高型壳的三种强度.当尼龙纤维的质量分数处于10%以内时,型壳三种强度均会降低.当碳纤维的质量分数达到5%时,型壳的湿强度和室温干强度可分别提高51. 9%和20. 7%,高温干强度降低8. 5%,同时改善了型壳的退让性并降低了铸件的裂纹倾向.     

Investigation of stress corrosion cracking initiation of 7A52 aluminum alloy

The stress corrosion cracking(SCC) behaviour of 7A52 aluminum alloy in air and in 3.5% NaCl solution was researched by slow strain rate test(SSRT) and SEM-EDS. The SCC susceptibility was estimated with the loss of the reduction in area. The experimental results indicate that the SCC susceptibility of 7A52 aluminum alloy in 3.5% chloride solution is the highest at strain rate of 1×10-6 s-1. The lowest one is under the condition of 1×10-5 s-1. Stress concentration and anode dissolving around Al-Fe-Mn intermetallics initiate micropores which will result in microcracks. The existence of intermetallics in the microstructure may play an important role in understanding the SCC initiation mechanisms of 7A52 aluminum alloy.     

过热度对Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb缩孔缩松的影响研究

使用CaO坩埚真空感应熔炼的方法对Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb进行铸锭,然后通过改变过热度,从宏观和微观两方面对钛铝合金铸锭中缩孔缩松的位置及含量分别进行分析,经过大量实验,最终得出过热度对Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb铸锭缩孔缩松的影响规律。     

Preparation of TiAl/Ti2AlC Composites with Ti/Al/C Powders by In-situ Hot Pressing

TiAl/Ti2AlC composites were prepared by in-situ hot pressing of TilAl/C powders mixtures and sintered at different temperatures were investigated by X- ray diffraction （ XRD ） of samples. The reaction procedure of Ti-Al-C system could be divided into three stnges. Below 900℃ , Ti reacts with Al to form TiAl intermetallics ; above 900 ℃ , C reacts with remain Ti to form TiC triggered by the exothermal reaction of Ti and Al ; TiAl reacts with TiC to produce dense TiAl/Ti2AlC compasites.In the holding stage, ternary Ti2AlC develops to layered polycrystal and composites pyknosis in the meanwhile. The mechanism of synthesis and microstructure was especially discussed.     

金属氢化物储氢反应器放氢特性的数值模拟

为了研究金属氢化物储氢反应器放氢过程的热质传递特性,本文建立了金属氢化物反应器的二维轴对称数学模型。此反应器内装填了Ti0.95Zr0.05Mn1.55V0.45Fe0.09储氢合金和膨胀石墨组成的复合压块。通过与文献中实验数据的对比验证了所建立模型的有效性。论文考察了换热流体温度、流体平均流速和氢气排出压力变化对金属氢化物反应器放氢过程的影响,比较了优化操作参数和基准操作参数下的放氢性能。并对优化操作参数下放氢反应过程特征进行了分析。模拟结果表明：换热管附近床层区域的换热效果更好,放氢反应进行得更快。当换热流体温度从313.15K升高到353.15K时,放氢时间从17100s降低到了6700s。虽然提高换热流体平均流速可以缩短反应器的放氢反应时间,但其强化效果是很有限的。当换热流体流速超过3m/s时,氢化物床与换热管壁之间的接触热阻成为整个传热过程的主要热阻,增加流速的强化效果已不明显。优化后的操作参数为：氢气排出压力为0.3MPa、换热流体温度为353.15K、换热流体平均流速为3m/s。与基准操作参数相比,放氢反应时间缩短了约56%,对操作参数的优化能够显著地提高反应器的放氢速率。Ti0.95Zr0.05Mn1.55V0.45Fe0.09合金的放氢反应过程仅仅在前4s内主要受氢气压力的控制,而随后的反应过程主要是受传热过程控制。     

葫芦脲[8]与一种萘型表面活性剂的包络作用的光谱学研究

合成一种新颖的阳离子萘型表面活性剂4-（1-萘氧基-5-辛氧基）丁基三甲基溴化铵（TNBAB）,利用紫外、荧光、1HNMR及红外多种谱学方法研究了水溶液中葫芦脲[8]（CB[8]）对TNBAB包络作用。研究表明：在一定的物质的量浓度范围内,体系的荧光强度和紫外吸收强度均随CB[8]浓度的增大而减弱,直到二者比例为1：1时,不再随着CB[8]浓度的增大而发生明显变化,表明二者形成了1：1的包络物;得到包络计量比,并计算包络物稳定常数,得到的较大稳定常数（5.2×105L.mol-1,1.2×105L.mol-1）表明形成的包络物相当稳定。红外吸收峰不同程度的蓝移证实了稳定的包络物的存在。在此基础上,结合CB[8]及表面活性剂分子的结构特征,利用1HNMR对其包络机理及主客体作用模式进行了探讨。     

用PCVD法制备(TiAl)N膜的研究

本文介绍了在PCVD设备中用固态AlCl_3制备(TiAl)N膜。结果表明,(TiAl)N膜的含Al量与AlCl_3的蒸发温度成正比,但膜内Cl含量却无明显变化。(TiAl)N膜保持了TiN膜的面心立方晶体结构,但其晶格常数变小,织构变弱,组织略有细化。(TiAl)N膜的显微硬度略高于或等于TiN膜的硬度,但抗高温氧化性有较大幅度提高。     

TiC/Ti-Al基复合材料的燃烧合成

为了改善Ti-Al金属间化合物的脆性,利用SHS/PHIP工艺制备了TiC/Ti-Al基复合材料.理论分析表明,绝热温度随C质量分数的增加而呈升高趋势,当体系中碳的质量分数≥2%时,该体系能完成自蔓延过程.采用电子扫描显微镜,X射线衍射仪对合成产物进行了分析.结果表明,合成产物中除存在基体相Ti3Al和TiAl和增强相TiC外,还存在许多三元相Ti3AlC和Ti2AlC相;随着Al质量分数的增加,增强相的形貌由颗粒状逐渐变成棒状或片状;复合材料的硬度和压缩强度随C质量分数的增加逐渐增加,但密度及相对密度随C质量分数的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势.当C的质量分数达到4%时,其实际密度和相对密度均达到最大.     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测量化妆品中的铅

使用AFS-230E双道原子荧光光度计采用氢化物发生法测定化妆品中铅含量。探讨实验中仪器负高压、灯电流等最佳工作参数和最佳测量条件(如酸的种类及含量,NaBH4含量等)。研究氧化剂、酸介质浓度、还原剂浓度及干扰离子浓度等对铅含量测定的影响。结果表明:当负高压为300 V,灯电流为60 mA并使用盐酸作为载流时铅的荧光信号强度最大;方法检出限为0.022μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.8%,加标回收率在91.6%~102.9%之间。     

Sm、La掺杂TiAl结构和性能的第一性原理计算

为研究稀土元素掺杂对Ti-Al系金属室温延性的影响,基于密度泛函理论第一性原理,应用广义梯度近似(GGA)和局域密度近似(LDA)平面波超软赝势法,建立稀土元素Sm、La掺杂Ti Al晶胞模型,运用Castep计算分析Sm、La两种稀土元素掺杂的Ti Al结构,对本征Ti Al和掺杂Ti Al的结构及力学性质进行分析.结果表明:稀土元素Sm掺入Ti Al后,Ti Al的共价性增强、成键方向性增加、硬度提高、离子性下降、延性降低;稀土元素La掺入Ti Al后,Ti Al的共价性下降、成键方向性减弱、硬度下降、离子性增强、延性提高.稀土元素掺杂金属间化合物,可改善其力学性能.     

金属氢化物的吸附性能和活性炭贮氢的可行性

目前迫切需要解决氢能在输送和存储上的困难。碳材料吸附和金属氢化物吸附储氢都是经济可行的储氢手段。通过所建立的同心圆柱体物理模型,可以计算金属氢化物脱附和吸附反应锋面的瞬时位置,以及反应的热流量和氢气流量。模拟结果证明,氢气流量和热流量对时间的变化与压力有关,也与热源温度有关;表明合金材料的成分和性能对金属氢化物吸附特性有明显的影响。适当地选择村料并加以性能调整,可以提高其性能和效应。从燃料存储系统的重量及其特性看,碳材料吸附储氢比金属氢化物更适合车用。活性炭吸附技术,能够达到吸放氢条件温和、储氢容量大和成本低这三个基本要求。     

Heat treatment behavior of can-forged titanium aluminide alloy in ( α + γ ) region

The effect of initial microstructures on the heat treatment behavior of can-forged titanium aluminide alloy has been studied. Optical microscopy and EDX analyses results show that different initial microstructures, including difference in dislocation density, phase distribution and morphology, have inherent effects on the final heat treatment microstructure although at the same heat treatment temperature. An almost full lamellar (NFL) microstructure with an average α ₂/γ colony size of 20 μm was obtained through adjusting initial microstructure. Project supported by the “863” High Tech Program and the National Natural Science Foundation of China Synopsis of the first author Liu Yong, Doctoral student, born in April 1973. Specializing in powder metallurgy of ceramics, intermetallics and metal: 1) Ca/P based bioceramics; 2) TiAl based intermetallics; 3) Fe, Cu materials.     

ZrTiAlN涂层的残余应力分析

采用有限元法分析Q235 A基ZrTiAlN涂层的残余应力,研究涂层厚度、过渡层对残余应力的影响。结果表明:层-基界面边缘处存在明显应力集中现象;涂层内的切向应力和轴向应力主要表现为拉应力,径向应力则表现为压应力。涂层厚度的变化对层-基界面应力的性质与分布影响很小;但随着涂层厚度的增加,界面处的切向应力增大,径向应力和轴向应力减小。加入过渡层后,涂层内残余应力明显减小,其中含有TiAl/Zr过渡层的涂层的切向应力、轴向应力和径向应力的最大值分别降低33%,25%和14%。     

活性催化剂氢化钠直接合成方法的研究

以石蜡油做分散剂，在常压下金属钠与氢气反应可以定量地转化成氢化钠，考察了反应温度和反应时间对钠氢化反应转化率的影响，确定了最佳的反应条件为：反应温度３００～３２０℃；反应时间１ｈ。在此条件下可得到钠的转化率８０％以上，比表面积测定值为５．８ｍ２／ｇ。活性测定表明产品有较好的催化活性。又进行了一定规模的放大实验，证明该方法可用于小型生产。     

基片温度对纳米金刚石薄膜掺硼的影响

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法,以氢气稀释的乙硼烷为硼源进行了纳米金刚石(NCD)薄膜的生长过程掺硼,研究了基片温度对掺硼NCD薄膜晶粒尺寸、表面粗糙度、表面电阻和硼原子浓度的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜观察NCD薄膜的表面形貌,并通过Imager软件对原子力显微镜数据进行分析获得薄膜的表面粗糙度及平均晶粒尺寸信息;采用四探针测量掺硼NCD薄膜的表面方块电阻,利用二次离子质谱仪对掺杂后NCD薄膜表面区域的硼原子浓度进行测量.实验结果表明,较高的基片温度有利于提高薄膜的导电能力,但随着基片温度的提高,NCD薄膜的平均晶粒尺寸和表面粗糙度逐渐增大;此外,当反应气体中的乙硼烷浓度一定时,掺杂后NCD薄膜的表面硼原子浓度随基片温度升高存在一个饱和值.在所选乙硼烷浓度为0.01%的条件下,基片温度在700℃左右可以在保证薄膜表面电性能的基础上保持较好的表面形貌.