我国市售液态乳中15种元素含量特征分析及风险评估

目的 通过对我国不同地区市售液态乳中营养元素及有害元素含量测定,分析我国居民通过饮用液态乳对多元素的摄入状况,评估成年消费人群中多元素暴露水平及健康风险,为相关标准制定提供依据。 通过对我国不同地区市售液态乳中营养元素及有害元素含量测定,分析我国居民通过饮用液态乳对多元素的摄入状况,评估成年消费人群中多元素暴露水平及健康风险,为相关标准制定提供依据。方法 采集全国7个地理区域市售液态乳样品共计110份,以微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镁、钙、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、钼、镉和铅15种元素含量,分析地域性差异。对于营养元素采用推荐摄入量(RNI)和适宜摄入量(AI)评价营养状况,对于污染元素采用暴露边界比(MOE)和暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)评价健康风险。 采集全国7个地理区域市售液态乳样品共计110份,以微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镁、钙、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、钼、镉和铅15种元素含量,并分析地域性差异。对于营养元素采用推荐摄入量(RNI)和适宜摄入量(AI)评价营养状况,对于污染元素采用暴露边界比(MOE)和每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)评价健康风险。结果 液态乳中钙含量普遍较高(430~939 mg/kg);铁、铬、钴、锰、钒、镍、铅、砷、镉9种元素的含量分布具有一定的地域性差异;液态乳中砷、铅和铬检出值均小于我国限量标准。暴露评估结果显示,营养元素镁、钙、硒、钼的摄入量均大于其RNI的10%;污染元素铅MOE远远大于1,镉PTMI均小于0.1 μg/kg BW,镍MOE远远大于10。 液态乳中钙元素含量普遍较高(430～939 mg/kg);铁、铬、钴、锰、钒、镍、铅、砷、镉9种元素的含量分布具有一定的地域性差异;液态乳中砷、铅和铬检出值均小于我国卫生限量标准,超标率为零。暴露评估结果显示,营养元素镁、钙、硒、钼的摄入量均大于其RNI的10%;污染元素铅MOE远远大于1,镉PTMI均小于0.1 μg/kg BW/m,镍MOE远远大于10。结论 液态乳中富含多种营养元素,可通过日常饮用液态乳获得一定的营养元素补充;液态乳中有害元素污染普遍较低,对人体健康的潜在风险较低。 液态乳中富含多种营养元素,可通过日常饮用液态乳获得一定的营养元素补充;液态乳中有害元素污染普遍较低,对人体健康的潜在风险较低。     

ICP-MS法测定决明子中18种重金属及有害元素

该试验旨在建立决明子中重金属及有害元素残留量的测定方法,为进一步提高决明子的药材质量,保证其用药安全提供科学依据.采用压力罐消解法对样品进行消解,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定决明子样品中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜、锂、铍、钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、钼、锡、锑、钡、镝、铊共18种重金属及有害元素含量,并对检测手段进行...     

野生和种植翅果油树的GC-MS和微波消解ICP-MS分析

采用GC-MS和微波消解ICP-MS技术分别对野生和种植翅果油树果仁中脂肪酸及叶子、果皮、果壳和果仁中硒、镍、砷、铬、锡、铅、镉、汞8种微量元素进行了分析研究。结果表明,野生和种植翅果油所含脂肪酸均为8种,其中不饱和脂肪酸均为5种,油酸和亚油酸含量最高,分别占不饱和脂肪酸总量的93.30%和91.67%;油酸的含量是种植略大于野生,而亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量是野生略大于种植。2种翅果油树果仁、叶子、果皮及果壳中均含硒、镍、砷、锡、铅、镉和汞,但果仁和果壳中不含铬;硒主要分布在果仁、叶子和果皮中,而镍、砷、铬、铅、镉和汞主要分布在叶子和果皮中,其中镍和铅的含量较高;除果壳外,其他部位各元素的含量均是野生大于种植。     

野生蘑菇中多种元素含量及砷、硒形态分析技术研究

本文首先采用微波消解法对我国不同区域代表性的野生可食用蘑菇进行前处理,再通过电感耦合等离子体光谱和质谱法测定消解液中代表性元素含量并对部分元素进行形态分析。实验结果表明,通过电子耦合等离子体光谱检测常见元素(钾、钙、钠、镁、锌、锰、磷、铁和铜),检测的线性范围均为0～500 μg/mL, 得到的线性方程相关系数均大于0.999,各元素检出限在0.1~7 mg/kg之间;通过电感耦合等离子体光谱和质谱检测重金属元素(硼、铝、钛、钒、铬、钴、镍、砷、硒、锶、钼、镉、锡、锑、钡、汞、铊和铅),检测的线性范围为0~500 μg/mL,得到的线性方程相关系数均大于0.999,各元素检出限在0.0001~2 mg/kg之间;同时,确定了对砷和硒的形态分析前处理和检测方法,并分析无机砷和无机硒的占比,该方法能够满足日常分析检测,并为科学评价野生蘑菇中常见元素含量提供数据参考。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定食品接触用搪瓷制品中16种元素的迁移量

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定食品接触用搪瓷制品中16种元素(铝、银、砷、钡、镉、钴、铬、铜、锂、锰、钼、镍、铅、锑、钒和锌)的迁移量的方法。方法以3%乙酸(w/V)作为食品模拟物提取食品接触用搪瓷制品中16种元素,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其迁移量。结果 16种元素在1～100μg/L浓度范围内性线关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为0.01～0.8μg/L,加标回收率为91.0%～109.1%,重复性测定相对标准偏差为1.0%～5.2%。对6批次样品中16种元素的迁移量进行测试,发现13种元素(铝、砷、钡、镉、钴、铬、铜、锂、锰、镍、铅、锑、和锌)有检出, 4批次样品中6种元素(砷、镉、钴、锂、镍和铅)超标。结论该方法可以准确测定食品接触用搪瓷制品中16种元素的迁移量,检测结果显示随着迁移次数的增加,元素迁移量明显降低。重金属迁移是该类产品重要的风险源。     

中国烟叶铅、镉、砷的含量及分布特征

研究了我国烟叶主产区2004年生产的497份烤烟样品和17份白肋烟样品中铅、镉、砷的含量及分布特征。结果表明:我国大部分产区烤烟烟叶铅和镉含量低于4mg/kg,砷含量低于0.5mg/kg,铅和镉可能是目前我国烟叶中的主要重金属元素;白肋烟的铅和镉含量高于烤烟,砷含量则是烤烟高于白肋烟;在当前烤烟生产中,品种对烟叶铅、镉和砷积累的影响远小于生态环境条件和土壤元素背景值,因此,可以忽略品种的影响;不同产区烤烟的铅、镉和砷含量存在显著差异,铅和镉含量的差异大于砷,烤烟中这3种元素的含量均存在一定的地域分布,铅和镉的地域分布相对明显,砷则相对较弱。     

福建省地产茶叶中14种元素的分析与研究

目的了解福建省不同地区不同茶叶中铅、砷、铜、铁、锰、锌、镉、铝、硒、镍、铬、钴、锡、铋等14种元素的含量分布,为茶叶资源的开发利用提供科学依据。方法从福建省主要产茶地区的产地和市场随机抽取9个茶叶品种共112份样品,用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定样品中14种元素含量。结果 9种茶叶中14种元素的含量水平分别为:锰135～1 797 mg/kg,铝69～1 126 mg/kg,铁37～371 mg/kg,锌3.93～90.05 mg/kg,铜2.25～43.66 mg/kg,镍0.95～7.40 mg/kg,铅0.29～5.45 mg/kg,铬0.10～2.39 mg/kg,钴0.018～0.67 mg/kg,硒0.020～0.68 mg/kg,镉0.014～0.24 mg/kg,砷0.023～0.30 mg/kg,锡0.010～0.49 mg/kg,铋0.006～0.073 mg/kg,铅合格率为99.1%,铬、镉、砷合格率为100%。结论福建省地产茶叶中都富含锰、铝、铁、锌、铜。铬、镉、砷、铅等有害元素污染水平较轻,且不同地区不同茶叶中元素含量存在差异。     

采用ICP-MS法检测蚱蝉老龄若虫微量元素

蚱蝉老龄若虫是极富营养价值的昆虫资源,除了含有较高的蛋白质,还含有丰富的微量元素,目前尚未建立蚱蝉老龄若虫质量检测与食用安全风险评估技术.试验采用微波消解结合ICP-MS法,测定铅、砷、铬、镉、汞、钒、钴、镍、硒、铊10种微量元素的含量.10种元素的检出限为0.0007～0.3 mg·kg-1;在0.5,1.5和2mg...     

ICP-MS法测定可降解塑料制品中11种元素

可降解塑料制品样品采用硝酸、盐酸和过氧化氢,于220℃微波辅助加热消解,采用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定样品中锌、铜、镍、镉、铅、汞、铬、钼、硒、砷和钴11种元素含量。优化了碰撞气体流量、反应气流量等测试条件。结果显示,11种元素仪器检出限在0.0003~0.02 mg·kg^-1之间,7次重复性相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%~5.6%。在加标回收试验(汞元素0.3,0.5和0.7 mg·kg^-1,其余元素3.0,5.0和7.0 mg·kg^-1)中,其回收率为85.7%~105.9%。7批次外卖用可降解塑料制品样品中均有锌、铜、镍、铅和铬元素检出,部分样品中有钼、砷和钴元素检出,3批次样品铜元素含量超过标准限量。该方法检测限低、快速、准确,适用于可降解塑料制品中11种元素同时测定。     

皮尔森和偏相关系数模型在稻谷重金属污染程度研究中应用

目的 建立稻谷中14种元素(钡、钒、镉、锂、铝、锰、铅、铊、锑、铜、硒、铬、汞、砷)含量相关性分析方法,并比较其相关性。方法 基于皮尔森相关系数法和偏相关系数法,建立稻谷中14种元素的相关性分析,并对两种方法及结果进行比较。结果 两种方法均能从数据中发现多种元素间的相关性关系,并在运算复杂度、反映信息等方面各有特点:其中皮尔森相关系数法运算量较小,但反映的信息也较少;偏相关系数法的计算量和反映信息量均大于皮尔森相关系数法。通过皮尔森相关系数法比较稻谷中各元素含量,正相关性很强的元素对包括钡-钒、钡-铅、钒-锂、铝-锑、铜-铊;其余各项元素之间无显著相关性。偏相关系数法比较稻谷中各元素含量,正相关性很强的元素对包括钒-钡、铅-钡、总汞-钡、锑-铝;其余各项元素之间无显著相关性。结论 在当前的数据和软硬件条件下,建议采用偏相关系数法进行稻谷中元素含量的相关性分析。     

Survey of bottled drinking waters sold in Canada for chlorate, bromide, bromate, lead, cadmium and other trace elements

Mineral, spring and other bottled drinking waters sold in Canada in the winter of 1995-96 were surveyed for chlorate, bromide, bromate, Cr(VI), Li, B, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Be, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Tl, Pb, Na, K, Ca and Mg. Chlorate and bromide were determined by ion chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection, Cr(VI) by IC with colorimetric detection, bromate by solvent extraction and gas chromatography (GC), trace elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), and Na, K, Ca and Mg by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAA). Most chemicals in the 199 samples analysed were well within national and international drinking water guidelines. World Health Organization and/or Canadian drinking water guidelines were exceeded for B (22 samples), Al (9), Cr (1), Mn (5), Ni (1), As (10), Se (24) and Pb (1). Bromate levels are reported for information purposes and are considered as the maximum concentrations in the samples. In three distilled water products, unexpectedly high concentrations of Cu (88-147 µg l^-1) and Ni (16-35 µg l^-1) were found, and a comparison of distilled and non-distilled waters from two of the brands suggested the likely cause to be contamination during the distillation process. Li concentration in one sample was at a therapeutic dose and could pose an overdose risk to individuals on Li medication.     

六类蒸馏酒中16种无机元素的测定及主成分分析

利用微波消解法对六类蒸馏酒样品进行前处理，结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对六类蒸馏酒中16种无机元素含量进行测定，研究不同类型蒸馏酒无机元素的分布规律并探讨酒样之间元素差异化原因。结果表明，16种无机元素的检出限为0.009～0.585μg/L，加标回收率为87.70%～109.60%，精密度实验结果的相对标准偏差（RSD）≤5.76%，符合样品检测分析要求。不同类型的蒸馏酒样品中，Mn、Ni、Pb、Cu、Fe、Cr元素含量均低于现有相应限量标准，Na或K平均含量在不同酒样中的占比最大，Al、K、Ca、Fe、Li、B、Ti、Cr、Mn、Cu、Sr、Ba、Pb、Ni元素含量在不同类型酒样中具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。KOM检验和Bartlett球体检验表明，该研究数据适合因子分析法，Li、Ni、B和Mn为六类蒸馏酒中的特征元素。     

广东省市售干食用菌中元素含量分析与质量安全评价

目的：检测广东省市售18种干食用菌的26种元素含量并进行质量安全和健康风险评测。方法：采用电感耦合等离子体光谱法（ICP-OES）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）检测广东省市售18种干食用菌中Li、Be、B、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb等26种元素含量,并利用内梅罗综合污染指数评价法和靶标危害系数法对干食用菌质量安全等级及膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果：26种元素含量差异较大,其中K、Mg、Ca、Na、Al、Fe 6种元素含量较高,均大于100 mg/kg,Li、Be、Cr、Ni、As、Se、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Hg、Tl、Pb等元素含量较低,均小于1 mg/kg;大部分重金属含量均低于国家标准中安全限量值,铅、镉、汞、砷、铬的超标率分别为0.00%、11.12%、5.56%、2.78%、1.86%。干食用菌重金属内梅罗综合污染指数表明,红菇、牛肝菌均达到中度污染等级,姬松茸、羊肚菌、竹荪均达到轻度污染等级,榛蘑达到警戒等级,其余12种干食用菌均属于安全级别。重金属膳食暴露...     

Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo levels in foodstuffs from the Second French TDS

In 2006, the French Food Safety Agency (AFSSA) conducted the Second French Total Diet Study (TDS) to estimate dietary exposures to the main minerals and trace elements from 1319 samples of foods typically consumed by the French population. The foodstuffs were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted digestion. Occurrence data for lithium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium and molybdenum were reported and compared with results from the previous French TDS. The results indicate that the food groups presenting the highest levels of these essential trace elements were “tofu” (for Li, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mo),“fish and fish products” particularly “shellfish” (for Li, Co, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo), “sweeteners, honey and confectionery” particularly dark chocolate (for Cr, Mn, Co, Ni and Cu), “cereals and cereal products” (for Mn, Ni and Mo) and “ice cream” (for Cr, Co and Ni).     

ICP-MS同时测定土壤中Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Tl和Pb

建立起HNO₃-H₂O₂-HF体系微波消解前处理样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）同时测定土壤中的铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、铜（Cu）、砷（As）、铊（Tl）、铅（Pb）6种重金属元素含量的方法。该方法的相关系数在0.9996~1.000,相对标准偏差在0.669~3.02%,加标回收率为94.68~115.5%,检出限为2.004~312.4 ng/L,结果表明该方法满足重金属分析的要求。用建立起的方法测定了来自7个省45个产区烟田土壤中的Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Tl和Pb 6种重金属元素含量;与对应烟叶中的6种重金属含量相比,聚类分析结果表明不同省区间土壤中的重金属含量无明显差异,而烟叶中却差异明显。      

基于无机多元素分析鉴别我国主要进口大米产地

目的利用大米中无机多元素分析数据建立判别模型,实现对4个我国进口大米主要产地的鉴别。方法采用ICP-MS和ICP-OES分析技术,测定了泰国、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、缅甸4个产地的76份大米样本中磷、钾、镁、钙、锌、钠、锰、铁、铷、铜、硼、铝、钼、镍、钡、锶、砷、钛、硒、铬、钴、铯、铅、镉、锂、钒、银、锑、铍、铊、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钪、钇等46种无机元素含量。通过对检测数据进行单因素方差分析、Fisher判别分析,建立了产地判别模型。结果4个产地大米的部分元素存在显著性差异,产地判别模型的原始校验准确率100%,交叉验证准确率96.1%。结论所建方法和判别模型对泰国、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、缅甸所产大米具有很好产地鉴别能力。     

Element signature analysis: its validation as a tool for geographic authentication of the origin of dried beef and poultry meat

Element concentrations of 56 poultry meat and 53 dried beef samples were determined and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to identify the single or combination of elements with the highest potential to determine the geographic origin. In order to validate the applicability of this technique, the results were additionally combined with data from an earlier assessment including 25 poultry meat and 23 dried beef samples. Validation was performed by estimating the origin of the first samples based on the data of the second, larger, dataset. Elements significantly discriminating among countries were As, Na, Rb, Se, Sr, and Tl for poultry meat and As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Dy, Er, Fe, Li, Mn, Pd, Rb, Se, Sr, Te, Tl, U, and V for dried beef out of about 50 elements each. The LDA gave mean correct classification rates of 77 and 79% for poultry meat and dried beef, respectively. Validation allowed identifying some, but not all, origins. For a higher discriminative power, this method should be combined with other ways of authentication.     

中宁枸杞中矿物元素在生长期的动态变化研究

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱对宁夏中宁枸杞中55种矿物元素在不同成熟阶段的含量进行跟踪测定,分析其变化规律.结果表明,中宁枸杞中55种元素含量差异较大,Cu、Co、B、Mg、Mn、Mo、Ca、Cd、Cr、Ni、Ba、Sr、Rb、Ti、W、Ga元素含量在5个成熟阶段呈降低趋势,Fe、Zn、V、Pb、As、Hg、Sb、Tl、L...     

Indications for the applicability of element signature analysis for the determination of the geographic origin of dried beef and poultry meat

In order to determine the geographic origin of poultry and dried beef, concentrations of a total of 72 different elements (occasionally represented with several isotopes) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma high resolution mass spectrometry (ICP-HRMS). Additionally, gross chemical composition (GCC) was analyzed. The 25 poultry breast filets samples originated from Switzerland, France, Germany, Hungary, Brazil, and Thailand, and the 23 dried beef samples, made from M. biceps femoris and M. semitendinosus, were produced in Switzerland, Austria, Australia, United States, and Canada out of raw meat originating either from these or from other countries. A total of 66 and 46 of the elements and isotopes followed were detected in beef and poultry, respectively. For statistical analyses, only the most abundant isotopes per element were used. For both poultry meat and dried beef, a differentiation of the origins was possible using those elements, which were significantly different across countries (As, Na, Rb, and Tl in poultry; B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Dy, Eu, Ga, Li, Ni, Pd, Rb, Sr, Te, Tl, Tm, V, Yb, and Zn in beef). No sufficient differentiation between origins was possible with GCC. Further studies have to confirm the suitability of this approach for meat authentication with more samples.     

Geographical traceability of “Arròs de Valencia” rice grain based on mineral element composition

The geographical traceability of rice grain samples involves the use of analytical methodologies that allow their differentiation on the basis of the rice composition, thus confirming their authenticity. In this paper, trace element determination of rice samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) has been addressed to achieve a complete geographical origin classification. Samples (107) from Spain including Valencia, Tarragona, Murcia and Extremadura, Japan, Brazil and India were employed as training set whereas the validation set was formed by 46 samples of the aforementioned geographical origins. Data were processed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), using as analytical variable the concentration of 32 elements (Al, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, K, Se, Na, Sr, Tl, Ti, Zn, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Ho, Er and Yb), enabling a 91.30% of correct classification for the validation set.