用水热方法合成氮化硼过程中反应原料种类的影响

利用选相原位合成方法制备了立方氮化硼(cBN),研究了硼源和氮源种类对产物物相的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)以及高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对样品进行了表征.结果表明:如果利用硼酸作为反应原料,可以在优化的条件下得到纯相cBN;当硼酸被硼酸铵取代时,制备的样品变成了六方氮化硼(hBN)和cBN的混合物.另一方面,用三聚氰胺取代部分NaN3作为氮源时,样品几乎是纯相的hBN.对上述结果进行了简要分析,并在此基础上给出了水热合成氮化硼过程中反应原料的选择原则.     

日本开发超微粒高纯度cBN切削工具

日本理化学研究所和物质材料研究机构共同开发出粒径在100nm以下的超微粒立方晶氮化硼（cBN）烧结体切削工具。利用该工具可对钢铁材料进行镜面加工。研究小组将六方晶氮化硼（hBN）置于10GPa高压及1800℃高温下，让其进行固相转变，即由hBN转变为cBN，并同时进行烧结。用电子显微镜对制成的高纯度cBN烧结体进行断面观察后确认，构成烧结体的粒子为粒径在100nm以下的超微粒子。     

立方氮化硼薄膜的制备工艺

介绍了几种立方氮化硼（C—BN）薄膜的制备工艺,并对薄膜中立方氮化硼相形成的影响因素进行了讨论。     

反应温度对苯热合成氮化硼纳米晶的影响

研究了不同反应温度对苯热合成立方氮化硼的影响,研究结果表明以Li3N和BBr3为原料制备立方氮化硼时,温度对产物中立方相含量有很大影响,在200～400℃,产物主要为六方相氮化硼,随温度升高,立方氮化硼的含量随之增加;继续升高温度立方相含量在480℃达到极大值,这时样品中仍然是六方相氮化硼与立方氮化硼共存,但立方氮化硼占优势;继续升高温度,立方氮化硼迅速减少,六方氮化硼含量增加.     

高质量立方氮化硼薄膜的射频磁控溅射制备及其性能表征

运用射频磁控溅射法在硅片上制备了立方氮化硼薄膜,并对射频功率、气体分压比及衬底偏压等参数对膜中立方氮化硼(c-BN)含量的影响进行了研究.采用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对c-BN薄膜进行了表征和分析.结果表明:300 W的射频功率是制备c-BN薄膜的最佳条件;当气体分压比Ar/N2=5:1时,制备的薄膜中c-BN含量相对最高;立方氮化硼的形成存在偏压阈值(约80 V),低于此偏压c-BN很难形成.拉曼光谱分析进一步确认了BN薄膜的晶相结构.AFM和XPS分析结果表明c-BN薄膜结晶良好,晶粒尺寸细小,具有很好的化学配比,B原子与N原子的含量比为1:l.     

立方氮化硼薄膜中的氧杂质

采用等离子体增强化学气相生长技术制备立方氮化硼薄膜,系统研究了背底真空度和生长过程中氧气的存在对立方氮化硼薄膜中氧杂质含量的影响.发现把背底真空度提高至1×10-5Pa仍然不能有效消除立方氮化硼薄膜中的氧杂质.随着立方氮化硼薄膜中氧杂质的增加,其红外吸收谱的Lorentz拟合发现,在1230～1280cm-1附近出现由氧原子与硼原子结合形成的B-O键的反对称伸缩振动引起的吸收峰.该吸收峰的强度与薄膜中的氧杂质含量有较好的线性关系,因此可以通过分析该吸收峰的强度半定量地测定立方氮化硼薄膜中的氧杂质含量。     

六方氮化硼-立方氮化硼/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与热物性能

环氧树脂(EP)高分子复合材料具有较低的热导率,其绝缘器件因散热及耐热性较差长期使用会出现故障和失效等隐患。通过向EP中添加微米氮化硼(BN)来制备具有高耐热性、高热导率的复合绝缘材料,并研究了复合材料的导热性能和耐热性能。结果表明：在六方氮化硼(hBN)质量分数为30wt%时,复合材料的热导率为0.444 W/(m·K),是纯EP的2.3倍。使用KH560改性hBN制备的复合材料,在填料质量分数为30wt%时,复合材料的热导率为0.456 W/(m·K),比未改性略有提高。而对于hBN-cBN/EP热压复合材料,在填料质量分数为30wt%时,其面内热导率为1.32 W/(m·K),远大于法向热导率。通过混掺制备了两种粒径(1、5～10μm)的hBN/EP复合材料,结果表明：填料混掺能明显提高材料的耐热性,通过向hBN/EP复合材料中添加1μm和10μm两种不同粒径的立方氮化硼(cBN)制备复合材料及其热压复合材料,结果表明：加入cBN和热压都能提高复合材料的耐热性能。     

工作气压对制备立方氮化硼薄膜的影响

本文报道了工作气压对射频溅射法制备立方氮化硼(c-BN)薄膜影响的实验结果.c-BN薄膜沉积在p型Si(100)衬底上,溅射靶为六角氮化硼(h-BN),工作气体为Ar气和N2气混合而成,薄膜的成分由傅里叶变换红外吸收谱标识.结果表明,与射频功率、衬底温度和衬底负偏压一样,工作气压也是影响c-BN薄膜生长的重要参数.要得到一定立方相含量的氮化硼薄膜,必须要有合适的工作气压,否则,薄膜中不能形成立方相.在工作气压为5×10-3乇时,得到了立方相含量在90%以上的立方氮化硼薄膜.     

立方氮化硼薄膜研究进展

介绍了国内外立方氮化硼薄膜的制备技术，性质表征、生长机制及其应用等研究的进展，并展望了它的发展前景。     

液-固界面反应法制备c-BN纳米晶

通过高能脉冲激光诱导丙酮-六方氮化硼界面反应制备出了立方氮化硼纳米晶体,透射电子显微镜分析表明制备的立方氮化硼(c-BN)纳米晶体为直径约30～80nm的类球状晶体。傅立叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射都分别用来表征c-BN的结构。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.