氧化蜡质玉米淀粉的糊流变特性研究

探讨了氧化蜡质玉米淀粉糊流变性、抗剪切能力以及浓度、温度和剪切速率对表观黏度的影响,并与蜡质玉米淀粉糊进行比较.结果表明:氧化蜡质玉米淀粉糊属于非牛顿流体.浓度、温度、剪切速率对流变性均有影响:在同一浓度和剪切速率下,表观黏度随温度的增加而减小;在同一温度和浓度条件下,淀粉糊的表现黏度随剪切速率的增加而减小;在室温、相同剪切速率下,表现黏度随浓度的增加而增大.氧化蜡质玉米淀粉糊属于剪切稀化体系,抗剪切能力较强.     

黄米淀粉的制备及流变学特性的研究

淀粉的流变学特性是影响工业化淀粉质食品品质的重要因素.本文通过碱法优化提取工艺制备了黄米淀粉产品,分析了黄米淀粉的基本理化指标,并利用Brabender糊化仪和Brookfield旋转黏度仪研究了黄米淀粉的糊化特性、流变特性以及机械剪切触变性能,为黄米淀粉在食品工业的应用提供理论依据.结果表明:黄米淀粉中蛋白质残留量为0.232%,淀粉纯度为88.98%,淀粉得率为58.6%,直链淀粉含量为18.28%,起糊温度为73.9℃;峰值黏度为702BU;与马铃薯淀粉、大米淀粉及玉米淀粉相比,黄米淀粉糊具有较强的黏度冷稳定性以及较弱的凝胶性和凝沉性;黄米淀粉糊属于非牛顿型、假塑性、剪切稀化的触变性流体;在同一剪切速率下,表观粘度随温度的增加而降低;在同一温度下,淀粉糊的表观粘度随剪切速率的增加而减小.     

黄米淀粉的制备及流变学特性的研究

淀粉的流变学特性是影响工业化淀粉质食品品质的重要因素。通过碱法优化提取工艺制备了黄米淀粉产品,分析了黄米淀粉的基本理化指标,并利用Brabender糊化仪和Brookfield旋转黏度仪研究了黄米淀粉的糊化特性、流变特性以及机械剪切触变性能,为黄米淀粉在食品工业的应用提供理论依据。结果表明:黄米淀粉中蛋白质残留量为0.232%,淀粉纯度为88.98%,淀粉得率为58.6%,直链淀粉含量为18.28%,起糊温度为73.9℃;峰值黏度为702BU;与马铃薯淀粉、大米淀粉及玉米淀粉相比,黄米淀粉糊具有较强的黏度冷稳定性以及较弱的凝胶性和凝沉性;黄米淀粉糊属于非牛顿型、假塑性、剪切稀化的触变性流体;在同一剪切速率下,表观黏度随温度的增加而降低;在同一温度下,淀粉糊的表观黏度随剪切速率的增加而减小。     

银杏淀粉流变特性的初探

本文对银杏淀粉的流变特性进行初步研究。研究结果表明,银杏淀粉糊的表观粘度随浓度增加而增大,随温度下降而升高;其淀粉糊溶液属于非牛顿流体,并具有一定地触变性;1.0%银杏淀粉糊凝沉性比玉米淀粉糊沉降要快,沉降积为30%(V/V);且6.0%银杏淀粉凝胶的破裂强度是1.801N,凝胶的弹性模量为0.181×105N/m2。     

玉米淀粉糊流变特性研究

利用AR–500流变仪,研究了不同质量浓度、温度和加热时间条件下玉米淀粉糊的流变特性。结果表明:玉米淀粉糊主要表现为假塑性非牛顿流体,流变特性服从Carreau模型。在同一剪切速率下,黏度随着质量浓度增大而增大,随着温度升高而降低,随着加热时间延长而下降;在同一质量分数条件下,黏度随着剪切速率的增加而呈现先增加后降低的趋势;在同一温度条件下,黏度随着剪切速率的增加而降低。     

谷氨酸对木薯淀粉糊流变性质的影响

采用哈克流变仪,研究谷氨酸对木薯淀粉糊流变性质的影响。结果表明：添加谷氨酸前后的木薯淀粉糊均为假塑性流体且具有触变性,随谷氨酸添加量的增加,假塑性和触变性均先增强后减弱;淀粉糊的表观黏度随剪切速率的升高而降低,具有剪切稀化现象。添加/未添加谷氨酸的木薯淀粉糊都呈现弱凝胶行为,随着谷氨酸添加量的增加,其储能模量(G＇)和耗能模量(G＇＇)先增大后减小,损耗角正切值(tanθ)先减小后增大,最终趋向于牛顿流体的方向发展。     

脚板薯淀粉的发酵法制备及其淀粉糊流变特性研究

采用发酵法制备脚板薯淀粉,分析了其淀粉颗粒粒度、淀粉糊透明度及凝沉性等理化性质,并对淀粉质量浓度、糊化pH、温度、不同介质及其浓度对淀粉糊流变特性的影响进行了分析。结果表明:脚板薯淀粉得率为15.2%,纯度为97.6%;淀粉平均粒度为18291.5nm,淀粉糊透光率为27.92%,其凝沉时间短;淀粉糊黏度随着淀粉浓度的增加而增加,随着糊化温度的增加而减小;在酸性条件下,淀粉糊黏度随着糊化pH增加而减小,pH到达8时,黏度达最大值,后随碱性的增强淀粉糊黏度下降。加入食盐、氯化钙和蔗糖均可提高淀粉糊的黏度,且在相同的剪切速率下,淀粉糊黏度随着蔗糖添加量的增大而增大。     

超声场中马铃薯淀粉糊剪切稀化及触变规律研究

利用超声技术处理马铃薯淀粉糊,研究超声场下马铃薯淀粉糊剪切稀化及触变性变化规律。采用超声设备对马铃薯淀粉糊进行超声处理,采用超声波设备处理马铃薯淀粉糊样品,分别利用流变仪和Brabender黏度仪测定马铃薯淀粉糊剪切力和表观黏度,观察马铃薯淀粉糊剪切稀化和触变性变化特征和规律。结果表明:超声作用改变了马铃薯淀粉糊的剪切稀化程度,马铃薯淀粉糊的表观黏度与剪切速率呈负相关,而与超声声强、超声作用时间及淀粉糊浓度呈正相关性,呈现假塑性流体所特有的剪切稀化现象。且随着反应进行,超声作用显著改变了淀粉糊的触变性,使马铃薯淀粉糊的触变环面积显著减小,马铃薯淀粉糊的触变性变小。     

生姜淀粉的基本性质

研究生姜淀粉糊的相关性质。结果表明:生姜淀粉中直链淀粉含量为27.47%,糊化温度为84.98℃;随着淀粉乳质量分数、淀粉乳pH值的增加,淀粉糊黏度增大;随着剪切速率的增加,存在剪切稀化的现象;淀粉糊溶解度、膨胀度均较小,且都随着温度的增加而增加;透明度为8.20%;具有触变性;凝沉体积为73%;冻融稳定性不强,蔗糖添加量较大时能增强生姜淀粉糊的冻融稳定性。     

磷酸化醋酸酯淀粉流变学特性的研究

采用流变仪研究了低取代度醋酸酯淀粉及其不同磷酸化程度产物的糊的流变特性。结果表明：所有的样品糊均呈现假塑性流体特征。在相同的温度下，剪切应力随剪切速率的增加而增大；在同一剪切速率下，样品糊的剪切应力随温度的上升而降低，剪切应力随取代度的增加而升高，表观黏度随着取代度的增加而上升。当DS〉0．0416时，随着取代度的提高，剪切稀化也增强。     

Rheological behaviour of sago (Metroxylon sagu) starch paste

Rheological behaviour of gelatinized sago starch solution was studied over the shear rate range of 13.61–704 s⁻¹ at various concentration and temperature ranges. A power law equation was used to describe the rheological behaviour of the starch solution, while the effect of temperature was evaluated by the Arrhenius equation. The effect of starch concentration on apparent viscosity was studied using the exponential model describing the relationship between apparent viscosity and concentration. Consistency index (κ) increased with concentration and decreased with the increase of temperature. Flow behaviour indices (η) were within the range of 0.495–0.559 which indicated the pseudoplastic nature of gelatinized sago starch. The amount of starch and shear rate affect activation energy (ΔE). Depending on the shear rate and concentration, activation energy varied from 0.619 to 1.756 kcal mol⁻¹. A mathematical relationship correlating the various parameters (temperature, concentrations, shear rates) was tested for its significance and validity.     

西米淀粉的物化性质研究

研究了西米淀粉的组成、颗粒形貌及糊化、透明度、老化方面的性质,并与木薯和马铃薯进行了比较。结果表明,西米淀粉的蛋白质含量为0.21%,直链淀粉含量为28%,颗粒为椭圆形,西米淀粉的起糊温度为70.3℃,热糊稳定性高,凝沉性比薯类淀粉弱,西米淀粉的透明度为57.5%,比薯类淀粉易老化。为进一步了解西米淀粉的特性及应用开发提供了一定的理论依据。     

Effects of cationization on DSC thermal profiles,pasting and emulsifying properties of sago starch

Cationic sago starches were prepared using an aqueous alkaline process with different levels of cationic reagent 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (0.01–0.10 M ), sodium hydroxide (0.03–0.86 M ) and reaction temperature (30–62 °C). The degree of substitution (DS), reaction efficiency, thermal and pasting properties of cationic sago starches were analysed. Emulsifying and fat binding properties of native sago starch, cationized sago starch and commercial chitosan were compared at two different pH values (4 and 7). Degree of substitution increased with an increase in concentration of cationic reagent or NaOH, or reaction temperature. The reaction efficiency was proportional to the concentration of NaOH and reaction temperature but inversely proportional to the cationic reagent concentration. The highest DS and reaction efficiency achieved was 0.06 and 79%, respectively. The pasting temperature and gelatinization enthalpy of cationic starch (DS 0.06) were lower compared with native sago starch. Cationization increased the peak viscosity and breakdown of the starch paste but decreased the setback. The presence of cationic groups significantly increased emulsion stability, emulsion viscosity and fat binding capacity of sago starch. However, the cationic sago starch was still inferior to chitosan, which showed the highest emulsion stability, emulsion viscosity and fat binding capacity. There was no significant difference between the surface tension values of native and cationic sago starch and chitosan. The influence of pH on emulsifying properties was not significant. The emulsion stability of the cationic sago starch improved due to an increase in viscosity and fat binding capacity but not its surface active property. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

西米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的结构表征及性质研究

采用现代仪器分析方法对西米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的结构特征、颗粒形貌、粒径分布、乳化性、糊粘度等性质进行了测定和研究,并以西米原淀粉作为参照。结果表明,西米淀粉经辛烯基琥珀酸酐处理后,产品的红外光谱在1570cm-1和1714cm-1处出现新的吸收峰,608cm-1处吸收峰加强;颗粒表面受到损害,形状发生不规则变化;颗粒粒径分布不均,平均粒径大于西米原淀粉;乳化能力和乳化稳定性有显著提高;糊粘度明显增大,热糊稳定性高,凝沉性较弱。为进一步研究西米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的开发应用提供了一定理论依据。     

西米醋酸酯淀粉物化性质研究

利用扫描电子显微镜、聚焦光束反射测量仪,红外光谱仪和布拉班德粘度计对西米醋酸酯淀粉性质进行测定和分析,并与马铃薯醋酸酯淀粉进行比较。结果表明:马铃薯淀粉较西米淀粉更易引入乙酰基,乙酰化后淀粉颗粒形状未发生大的改变,西米原淀粉粒度分布为单峰,而马铃薯原淀粉粒度分布为双峰,前者平均粒径大于后者,乙酰化后西米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉粒径均增大;经醋酸酐酯化后西米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉起糊温度、峰值温度及峰值粘度均降低,热稳定性增加,凝沉性变弱。     

西米淀粉颗粒结构与性质的研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、聚焦光束发射测量仪、差式量热扫描仪和紫外分光光度计对西米淀粉的性质进行测定和分析,并与马铃薯淀粉和木薯淀粉进行比较。结果表明:西米淀粉颗粒为椭球体,颗粒表面光滑;偏光十字明显;颗粒在水相中的平均粒径为27.3μm;晶体结构为C型,结晶度为25%;DSC测得To、Tp、Tc分别为68.51、72.79、82.29℃,ΔH为12.00J/g;透明度较好。     

甘薯淀粉糊的流变特性

通过考察甘薯淀粉糊在不同甘薯淀粉浓度和不同温度下的流变特性,结果表明甘薯淀粉糊是典型的非牛顿型、剪切变稀的和触变性流体,温度越高,浓度越低,甘薯淀粉糊的滞后性越小;同时用幂律方程和Cross方程来描述糊的流变特性,发现Cross方程比幂律方程拟合精度更高。而浓度很低的情况下(如2%),甘薯淀粉糊的触变特性与其他浓度不同,表现为下行线在上行线之上,更适合用Herschel-Bulkley方程来描述它的流变行为。甘薯淀粉糊的动态流变行为则表现为在将开始糊化时,储能模量G’、损耗模量G"和tanδ都急剧上升,在到达糊化顶峰时急剧下降,而在降温过程中G’和G"都呈上升趋势,tanδ则是在100～50℃时下降,50～20℃时上升。     

球磨对绿豆淀粉结晶结构和糊流变特性的影响

采用偏光显微镜、X-射线衍射等测试方法，研究了绿豆淀粉在机械球磨过程中结晶结构的变化；运用Brookfield旋转粘度计测得不同浓度的淀粉糊在不同温度和剪切速率下的表观粘度，建立了相应的流变模型。结果表明机械球磨使得淀粉结晶结构受到破坏，由多晶态转变成无定形态；经球磨处理的绿豆淀粉糊仍保持假塑性流体特征，但随着球磨程度的增大，糊稠度大大降低，流动性增加，且越来越趋向牛顿流体特征。     

Facile preparation of sago starch esters using full factorial design of experiment

A facile solvent‐free method to acetylate sago starch (Metroxylon sagu) is reported. Microwave (100 W) was used as the heating source and the heating time was varied from 2 to 10 min with the temperature of acetylation maintained at 100°C under continuous stirring. Using a 2⁴ full factorial design of experiment, it was found that the degree of substitution (DS) of acetylated sago starch was strongly affected by the ratio of starch to acylating reagents, the ratio of acetic anhydride to acetic acid as the acylating reagents, the concentration of iodine as catalyst and reaction time. The physicochemical characteristics of the acetylated sago starch were assessed based on the FTIR spectra, the XRD spectra, the water absorption index (WAI), and the water solubility index (WSI). SEM was used to study the surface morphology of the acetylated sago starch at different DS.     

Characteristics of gelling agent substituted fruit jam: studies on the textural,optical, physicochemical and sensory properties

A series of mango jams were prepared using different hydrocolloid solutions (high methoxyl pectin (HMP), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and sago starch) as gelling agents to investigate the effect of hydrocolloid type, hydrocolloid concentration, and freeze‐thaw treatment on the physicochemical, optical, textural, and sensory characteristics. The optical properties results revealed that the total colour change (ΔE) of the sago starch‐based mango jam samples displayed higher values in comparison with samples prepared with HMP and CMC. The textural parameters (hardness, work of shear, stickiness, and work of adhesion) increased with hydrocolloid concentration but decreased with the freeze‐thaw treatment except for sago starch‐based mango jams. The overall acceptability of mango jams containing 6% sago starch was rated similarly to the samples prepared with 0.7% HMP and 0.5% CMC. Principle component analysis revealed that it could be used as an effective tool to segregate characteristics related to fruit jam manufacture.