分光光度法测定肉制品中总糖含量的测量不确定度评定

本文通过评定分光光度法测定肉制品中总糖含量的测量不确定度,找出肉制品总糖测定过程中的不确定度分量。通过不确定度分量的分析,找出影响肉制品中总糖测定过程中不确定度的主要来源,从而控制检测过程中易引入不确定度的主要来源,确保检测结果准确可靠。     

连续流动法测定烟草中水溶性总糖和还原糖的不确定度评定

依据JJF 1059. 1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》对连续流动法测定烟草样品中水溶性总糖、还原糖含量的不确定度进行评定,通过分析得出,测量重复性、样品前处理、标准溶液制备、标准曲线拟合、连续流动分析仪测量重复性是不确定度的主要来源。分析结果表明,当烟草样品中水溶性总糖为20. 4%时,扩展不确定度为0. 69%,k=2;还原糖含量为18. 4%,扩展不确定度为0. 77%,k=2。     

糕点中总糖含量测定的不确定度评定

利用斐林氏容量法对糕点中总糖含量进行了测定,依据《JJF 1059.1-2012测量不确定度评定与表示》,对测定结果进行不确定度分析与评定。通过不确定度分析,找出影响总糖测定过程中不确定度的主要来源,从而对检测过程中易引入较高不确定度的环节加以控制,确保检测过程和结果的可靠性。     

连续流动法测定香料烟氯测量不确定度评定

为评定连续流动法香料烟氯的测量不确定度,对连续流动法测定氯的过程进行分析,得到简化的连续流动法香料烟氯的测定因果关系图,建立测量不确定度评定的数学模型,确定其测量不确定度的主要来源为样品的水分、连续流动分析仪测定的样品浓度和测量重复性。通过对测量不确定度进行评定,得出连续流动法香料烟氯测量结果的标准不确定度为0.04%,扩展不确定度为0.08%(α=0.05,k=2)。     

液体氧化性试验方法测定65%硝酸水溶液氧化性不确定度的评定

评定液体氧化性试验方法测定65%硝酸水溶液氧化性的不确定度,采用液体氧化性试验方法测定65%硝酸水溶液的氧化性,建立数学模型。根据不确定度评定相关规则和标准对试验过程中的不确定度因素包括重复性操作、纤维素丝的含水率测定、铝爆破盘厚度测量、压力传感器等进行不确定度评定。当65%硝酸水溶液氧化性测试时间为2.534 s,其扩展不确定度为0.154 s (p=95%,k=2)。65%硝酸水溶液的氧化性的不确定度主要来源有重复性测定、铝爆破盘厚度测量。     

番茄中联苯菊酯残留量的测量不确定度评价

采用气相色谱法对番茄中联苯菊酯残留量进行测定,依据测量不确定度评定规程,建立测量不确定度的数学模型,进而对整个测量过程中不确定度展开系统性评价.结果表明,当联苯菊酯残留量测定质量分数为0.095mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.0035mg/kg(P=95%,K=2),测量结果为(0.095±0.004)mg/kg,其中标准液的配置、提取液体积、重复性实验引入的不确定度是联苯菊酯测量不确定度的主要贡献因子.     

可视滴定法测定不锈钢中铬含量的不确定度评定

采用可视滴定法测定不锈钢中铬的含量,笔者通过分析研究,确定了测量的不确定度的主要来源是测量的重复性、基准物质、标定所消耗硫酸亚铁铵溶液的体积,量具体积以及样品的质量,通过数学公式分量计算不确定度并将其合成,测量结果的合成标准不确定度为0.060%,扩展不确定度为0.12%,即k=2时,此区间包含了测定结果可能值得95%。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定碳素钢中铜含量的测量不确定度评定

对火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定碳素钢中铜含量的测量不确定度进行了分析,分析了测量不确定度的主要来源,并对各不确定度分量进行了评定,求得合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度分别为0.00071%和0.0014%.     

HPLC测定饮料中山梨酸不确定度评定

依据JJF1059-1999<测量不确定度评定与表达>的原理和方法,分析了饮料中山梨酸的不确定度与影响不确定度的因素;计算出饮料中山梨酸测定值的相对扩展不确定度,HPLC测定饮料中山梨酸的相对扩展不确定度为2%.     

轻柴油中硫含量测量的不确定度评定

目的对燃灯法测定轻柴油中硫含量的不确定度进行评估.探讨该方法测定的硫含量的置信度和准确度.方法依据JJF1059 - 1999<测量不确定度评定与表示>,分析不确定度的来源,基于评定模型,对不确定度进行评估,得出该方法测量的扩展不确定度和准确度.结果轻柴油样品中硫含量为0.21%附近时,其测量的扩展不确定度为0.0036%.结论本分析方法实用于轻柴油中硫含量的不确定度评估,可如实反映分析结果的置信度和准确度.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。